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MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

 

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 

(Anatomy, histology, embryology, topography in normal and pathological conditions...) 


  • 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
  • 1523Berengario da CarpiJ The author describes the attachment, physical properties and role of the LCF. 
  • 1543(a)VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms. 
  • 1543(b)VesaliusA The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF. 
  • 1555VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms (second edition of the treatise).
  • 1559ColomboMR Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1600LaurensA The author writes about the anatomy, attachment, properties, shape and size LCF.
  • 1603IngrassiaeIP The author writes about the topography of LCF, its geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1610RiolanJ The author discusses the localization, function, attachment and mentions rare synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1611BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1611GuidiG The author briefly writes about the anatomy, function, and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1615BauhinC The author describes the consistency, attachment and role of the LCF.
  • 1626BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1632CasseriGC The author writes about the location and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1666VeslingJ The author describes the attachment, properties and role of the LCF.
  • 1687BlancardS The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1693VerheyenP The author indicates the localization and briefly describes the shape and consistency of LCF. 
  • 1697MunnicksJ The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF.
  • 1698CowperW The author writes about the anatomy, attachment and function of the LCF
  • 1705RuyschF The author describes the anatomical preparation containing the LCF, notes its areas of attachment, geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1724FabriciusJA Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its inherent connective function. 
  • 1726AlbinusBS The author describes the attachment areas of the LCF, as well as mentions the role of the adipose tissue of the acetabular cavity and the vessels entering it.
  • 1726HeisterC The author briefly writes about the anatomy and role of the LCF. 
  • 1732KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Lat] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1732WinslowJB The author writes in detail about the anatomy, structure and synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1734KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Fra] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1736NesbittR The author mentions the proximal attachment region of the LCF.
  • 1738FabriciusH Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF, as well as its injury during hip dislocation.
  • 1739LimburgA  The author briefly writes about the LCF. 
  • 1740KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Deu] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1741HeisterL The author describe the anatomy and topography LCF.
  • 1742WeitbrechtJ The author describes the prismatic shape of the LCF and the areas of its attachment.
  • 1743SchwenckeT A photocopy and preliminary translation of a forgotten scientific article dedicated to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1750DrakeJ The author does not name the LCF, but accurately describes its appearance (short, thick, and round), and indicates the attachment points.
  • 1751BöhmerPA The author describes the topography, mechanical properties and role of the роль LCF.  
  • 1753TarinP The author notes the localization of LCF and uses synonyms.
  • 1756HallerA The author describes the sources of blood supply to the LCF. 
  • 1758MonroA The author writes about the attachment, role and strength of the LCF. 
  • 1762MorgagniJB The author mentions the properties and localization of LCF.
  • 1775SabatierRB The author discusses the form, anatomy, injuries, and role of the LCF.
  • 1776LieutaudJ The author describes the form, attachment, function of the LCF and discusses its name. 
  • 1783(a)MayerJCA The author describes the shape and areas of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1783(b)MayerJCA The author notes the place of attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1785SandifortE The author briefly writes about the attachment of the LCF.
  • 1786BlumenbachJF The author briefly writes about the anatomy and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1794(a)SommerringT The author describes the attachment, role, and absence of the LCF.
  • 1794(b)SommerringT The author describes the form, attachment, structure and function of the LCF. 
  • 1796WiedemannCRW The author describes the shape and attachment areas of the LCF.
  • 1796LoschgeFH The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1798LauthT The author describes the structure, geometric properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1803PortalA The author writes about synonyms, the anatomy and attachment options of the LCF, and also mentions cases where it is missing. 
  • 1803BoyerA The author describes the anatomy, shape, structure and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1808BellJ The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its synovial membrane.
  • 1816MeckelJF The author discusses the anatomy and function of the LCF, and also identifies one of the reasons for its damage. 
  • 1816CloquetJH In the passage, the author describes the anatomy of the LCF, and also mentions several synonyms. 
  • 1819MitchellE_BarclayJ The authors expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head.
  • 1820PallettaGB The author extensively describes the topography, structure, and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1824BarclayJ The author expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head. 
  • 1832MeckelJF The author briefly discusses abnormalities of the LCF and its distal insertion. 
  • 1836MunzM The author briefly writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF.
  • 1837CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, while denying its mechanical significance. 
  • 1838BlandinPF The author describes the anatomy and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1839WeberMI The author examines the anatomy, properties of the LCF and uses several synonyms.
  • 1840RosenmüllerJC The author provides basic information about the LCF and its function.
  • 1841BarkowHCL The author discusses development, anatomy and function of the LCF. 
  • 1842LangenbeckCJM The author discusses the anatomy, role and synonyms of the LCF.
  • 1844CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF. 
  • 1844NelatonA. According to the author, the LCF does not hold the femoral head in the acetabulum, but it is involved in its blood supply. 
  • 1845ArnoldF The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF and notes its role in supporting the pelvis when the body is in an upright position. 
  • 1845HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms. 
  • 1849QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions synonyms. 
  • 1849SantessonC. The author reviews the anatomy, role and development of the LCF.
  • 1850SappeyMPC The author expresses the opinion that the primary role of the LCF is to protect the blood vessels supplying the femoral head. 
  • 1851HyrtlJ The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the LCF: a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. 
  • 1853KnoxR The author points out that LCF is a thick and dense bundle of fibers. 
  • 1853JamainA The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF, noting its three points of proximal attachment.
  • 1855WalbaumCFE The author reports the presence of blood vessels in the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and its mechanical significance in the prenatal period.
  • 1856HenleJ The author examines in detail the structure, shape and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1857HyrtlJ The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the LCF (a conductor of inflammatory processes). 
  • 1857RichetA Fragments of the book are devoted to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1857RüdingerN The author found that the inferior branch of the obturator nerve reaches the LCF.
  • 1858GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations of Henry Carter. 
  • 1861HoldenL The author discusses the attachment and anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1864RambaudA_RenaultC The authors describe the development of the hip joint in children and mention the place of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1865LangerC The author discusses the structure of the LCF and notes the presence of a cavity filled with vessels and loose fiber. 
  • 1865HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms too.
  • 1867GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations.
  • 1867CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF and denies mechanical significance. 
  • 1864LuschkaH The author reports the presence of three bundles in the fibrous base of the LCF.  
  • 1868AebyCT The author believed that the LCF is the internal capsule of the joint. 
  • 1868BeaunisH_BouchardA The authors briefly describe the anatomy of the LCF and its role. 
  • 1874HenleJ. The author indicates the attachment of the LCF to the transverse ligament of the acetabulum.
  • 1875HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations. 
  • 1876SappeyMPC The author summarized the basic information about LCF. 
  • 1877aWelckerH The author discusses the differences in the anatomy of the LCF in animals: tapir, orangutan, chimpanzee.
  • 1877bWelckerH The author discusses differences in the relative strength and size of the LCF in humans at different ages.
  • 1878WelckerH In the article, the author discusses the embryonic development of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in humans and certain animals (pinnipeds, tapirs). 
  • 1878MarshallJ The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1878QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions several synonyms too.
  • 1879 Krause CFT The author discusses the attachment and shape of the LCF, and lists several of its lesser-known synonyms.
  • 1880SchusterH The article discusses the embryonic development of the LCF in humans and some animals. 
  • 1881HartmannR The author discusses the shape, anatomy of the LCF, mentions its synonyms and cases of absence in animals.
  • 1882LangerC In the work, the author focuses on the presence in the LCF of strong fibrous bundles attached to the bones.
  • 1882NuhnA The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, considering it a synovial formation, a source of synovial fluid. 
  • 1882ReevesHA The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its role.
  • 1883MorelC_DuvalM The selected passages on the LCF and its function. 
  • 1883GegenbaurC The author denies the mechanical significance of the LCF.
  • 1886LesshaftP According to the author, the LCF reduces shocks and impacts of the articular surfaces. 
  • 1886PanschA The author believes that the LCF is a synovial process and briefly writes about its anatomy and function.
  • 1887GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and original illustrations of Henry Carter with additional drawings in later editions. 
  • 1887HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations (eng. ed.).
  • 1889AmantiniC Selected excerpts from the article examine the role of the LCF vessels in the blood supply to the femoral head. 
  • 1890DebierreC The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1892PoirierPJ The selected passages summarized the basic information about LCF obtained by the end of the 19th century.
  • 1895SiraudM The author discusses the involvement of the LCF arteries in the blood supply of the femoral head. 
  • 1897RauberA The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, suggesting that it stimulates the production of synovial fluid.   
  • 1904FickR Fragments of the book summarize the basic information about LCF obtained by the beginning of the 20th century. 
  • 1904TestutL Fragments of the book recapitulate the basic information about LCF anatomy obtained by the beginning of the 20th century.
  • 1908GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and illustrations. 
  • 1910SuttonHA_DrinkerCK The selected fragments discuss the anatomy and topography of the LCF.
  • 1918GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and color illustrations.
  • 1920FrazerJES The author describes the attachment and development of the LCF, as well as its role as a vascular and nerve conductor.
  • 1930PhemisterDB. The author discusses the involvement of the LCF arteries in the blood supply and metaplasia of the femoral head. 
  •  1934BökerH The author discusses the attachment, role and movement of the LCF.. 
  • 1956SingerCJ Galen writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
  • 2015DehaoBW_YoungJLS Understanding the ligamentum teres of the hip: a histological study. 
  • 2017KakuN_TsumuraH The article discusses the internal structure and attachment features of the LCF in the norm. 
  • Acetabular Canal. Part 1. This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions. See also Part 2 and Part 3. 


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Set of Classifications

  General Classification of LCF Pathology Version : 20240420 Annotation Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of LCF Pathology. Introduction In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. L.I. Gaevskaya distinguished three types of LCF: 1) long and thick (length 41–51 mm, thickness 5 mm), 2) short and thin (length 10–20 mm, thickness 1 mm), 3) long and of small thickness (length 43–45 mm, with a thickness of 3 mm, and length 28–30 mm with a thickness of 4–5 mm) (1954 ГаевскаяЛИ ). V.V. Kovanov, A.A. Travin identified three varieties of histological structure of LCF: 1) with a predominance of loose connective tissue; 2) with a predominance of dense connective tissue; 3) with a uniform distribution of loose and dense connective tissue ( 1963 КовановВВ _ ТравинАА ). The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to i...
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Topography of the Acetabular Canal

   Version : 20250728 Topography of the Acetabular Canal Side Femoral (lateral) Pelvic (medial)   Contents Synovial fluid Ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) White adipose tissue Loose connective tissue Synovial membrane Transverse acetabular ligament Arteries Veins Nerves Lymphatic vessels   Sections Peripheral section Central section Subsynovial section Suprasynovial section   Peripheral Section Entrance foramen -- Upper edge -- Lower edge -- Anterior edge -- Posterior edge External segment (subligamentous) - Superior wall - Inferior wall - Posterior wall - Anterior wall Internal segment (extraligamentous) - Subsynovial part (tier) -- Superior wall -- Inferior wall -- Posterior wall -- Anterior wall - Suprasinovial part (tier) -- Superior wall -- Inferior wall -- Posterior wall -- Anterior wall   Central Section Iliac recess Ischial recess Subsynovial part (tier) - Outer margin - Medial wall - Lateral wall - Anteroinferior wall - Posteroinferior wall - Supra...
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1864MacalisterA

  Content [i]   Annotaction [ii]   Original in  English [iii]   Translated into  German [iv]   Illustrations [v]   Source  &  links [vi]   Notes [vii]   Authors & Affiliations [viii]   Keywords [i]   Annotaction Fragment of the article: Macalister A. On the anatomy of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) (1864). The author observed ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an ostrich. Its strength is noted, and its shape is described. Translation into Russian is available at the link: 1864MacalisterA .  [ii]   Original in  English   Quote, p. 22 The articulations of the lower extremity present many points of mechanical importance. The first, or the hip, is an enarthrosis, surrounded by a capsule, loose, expanding inferiorly; the synovial membrane spreads over the great trochanter; a strong transverse band passes from the border of the lesser sciatic notch to the upper and posterior edge of the acetab...
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LCF in 2025 (July)

    LCF in 2025 ( July )   (Quotes from articles and books published in July 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris.) Tekcan, D., Bilgin, G., & Güven, Ş. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. HAYDARPAŞA NUMUNE MEDICAL JOURNAL , 65 (2), 99-103.   [i]   jag.journalagent.com   Domb, B. G., & Sabetian, P. W. (2025). Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Gluteal Tendinopathy, Partial Tear, Complete Tear, Iliotibial Band Syndrome, and Bursitis. In Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (pp. 1-17). Springer, Cham.   [ii]   link.springer.com   Kuhns, B. D., Becker, N., Patel, D., Shah, P. P., & Domb, B. G. (2025). Significant Heterogeneity in Existing Literature Limits Both Indication and Outcome Comparability Between Studies Involving Periacetabular Osteotomy For Acetabular Dysplasia With or Without Arthroscopy Despite Improvement for Both: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy .   [iii]   ...
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LCF in 2025 (June)

  LCF in 2025 ( June )   (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space.  Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027.    [i]     academic.oup.com   Iglesias, C.  J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION.   EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013    [ii]       researchgate.net   Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...
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1857HyrtlJ

The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Based on his own research, Josef Hyrtl asserts that the vessels of the LCF do not participate in supplying blood to the femoral head. The author highlights the high strength of the LCF and changes in congenital dislocations. Apparently, this work was the first to suggest that the LCF serves as a conductor of inflammatory processes and a cause of coxalgia. Hyrtl J. Handbuch der topagraphischen Anatomie und ihrer praktisch medicinisch-chirurgischen Anwendungen. Zweiter band. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1857. [fragment] Quote p. 410-412 c. Rundes Band des Schenkelkopfes. Einfluss desselben auf die Stellung des Beins bei Coxalgie. Ein verticaler, durch die Mitte der Pfanne und des Schenkelkopfes und bei richtiger Beckenneigung von aussen nach innen geführter Schnitt, trennt das runde Band in zwei gleiche Schenkel, einen vorderen und hinteren. Das Band ...
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1543(b)VesaliusA

Fragment from the book Vesalius A. Humani corporis fabrica librorum Epitome (1543). The author describes the attachment and shape of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Our brief commentary is available at the link: 1543(b)VesaliusA [Rus]. Quote. [Lat] Caput. II. De ossium ac cartilaginvm ligamentis, et musculis arbitrarij motus instrumentis Ex femoris superiori capite teres ligamentum in coxendicis acetabulum insertur. Translation [Eng] Quote. Chapter II. On the ligaments of the bones, cartilages, and muscles that perform voluntary movements. From the upper head of the femur, the round ligament is inserted into the acetabulum of the hip joint. Jan Stephan van Calcar (ca. 1543) External links Vesalius A. Humani corporis fabrica librorum Epitome. Basileae: Ex officina Joannis Oporini, Anno MDXLIII Mense Iunio [June, 1543]. [ books.google ] Authors & Affiliations Andreas Vesalius (And ries van Wezel, 1514-1564) physician, anatomist, professor at the Univers...
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Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», April 2025

The journal is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and related topics.   About the Journal   »»»                                                                                . The online journal  « About Round Ligament of  Femur »   was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project:  ONLINE JOURNAL:  Ligamentum capitis femoris .   Updates:  As new materials are prepared. Mission :   Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal:  Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher:  Arkhipov S.V., independent researcher, P...
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Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», June 2025

  The journal is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and related topics   About the Journal   »»»                                                                                . The online journal  « About Round Ligament of  Femur »   was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project:  ONLINE JOURNAL:  Ligamentum capitis femoris .   Updates:  As new materials are prepared. Mission :   Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal:  Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher:  Arkhipov S.V., independent researc...
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1930PhemisterDB

  Fragments from the article: Phemister DB. Repair of bone in the presence of aseptic necrosis resulting from fractures, transplantations, and vascular obstruction (1930). The author discusses the involvement of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) arteries in the blood supply and metaplasia of the femoral head.  The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1930PhemisterDB . Quotes. The vessels of the ligamentum teres may supply adequate blood to keep the head alive even in the aged. … If bony union occurs the head is gradually invaded by the ingrowth of tissue from the distal fragment and sometimes from the hypertrophied round ligament. The necrotic marrow is replaced by vascular connective tissue and eventually by bone marrow, but the necrotic bone is much more slowly absorbed and replaced by a variable amount of irregularly arranged living bone.  … If non-union results, the neck fragments are gradually more or less completely eroded and the remaining surface...
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