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MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

 

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 

(Anatomy, histology, embryology, topography in normal and pathological conditions...

  • 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
  • 1523Berengario da CarpiJ The author describes the attachment, physical properties and role of the LCF. 
  • 1543(a)VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms. 
  • 1543(b)VesaliusA The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF. 
  • 1555VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms (second edition of the treatise).
  • 1559ColomboMR Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1600LaurensA The author writes about the anatomy, attachment, properties, shape and size LCF.
  • 1603IngrassiaeIP The author writes about the topography of LCF, its geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1610RiolanJ The author discusses the localization, function, attachment and mentions rare synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1611BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1611GuidiG The author briefly writes about the anatomy, function, and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1615BauhinC The author describes the consistency, attachment and role of the LCF.
  • 1626BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1632CasseriGC The author writes about the location and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1666VeslingJ The author describes the attachment, properties and role of the LCF.
  • 1687BlancardS The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1693VerheyenP The author indicates the localization and briefly describes the shape and consistency of LCF. 
  • 1697MunnicksJ The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF.
  • 1698CowperW The author writes about the anatomy, attachment and function of the LCF
  • 1705RuyschF The author describes the anatomical preparation containing the LCF, notes its areas of attachment, geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1724FabriciusJA Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its inherent connective function. 
  • 1726AlbinusBS The author describes the attachment areas of the LCF, as well as mentions the role of the adipose tissue of the acetabular cavity and the vessels entering it.
  • 1726HeisterC The author briefly writes about the anatomy and role of the LCF. 
  • 1732KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Lat] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1732WinslowJB The author writes in detail about the anatomy, structure and synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1734KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Fra] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1736NesbittR The author mentions the proximal attachment region of the LCF.
  • 1738FabriciusH Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF, as well as its injury during hip dislocation.
  • 1739LimburgA  The author briefly writes about the LCF. 
  • 1740KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Deu] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1741HeisterL The author describe the anatomy and topography LCF.
  • 1742WeitbrechtJ The author describes the prismatic shape of the LCF and the areas of its attachment.
  • 1743SchwenckeT A photocopy and preliminary translation of a forgotten scientific article dedicated to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1750DrakeJ The author does not name the LCF, but accurately describes its appearance (short, thick, and round), and indicates the attachment points.
  • 1751BöhmerPA The author describes the topography, mechanical properties and role of the роль LCF.  
  • 1753TarinP The author notes the localization of LCF and uses synonyms.
  • 1756HallerA The author describes the sources of blood supply to the LCF. 
  • 1758MonroA The author writes about the attachment, role and strength of the LCF. 
  • 1762MorgagniJB The author mentions the properties and localization of LCF.
  • 1775SabatierRB The author discusses the form, anatomy, injuries, and role of the LCF.
  • 1776LieutaudJ The author describes the form, attachment, function of the LCF and discusses its name. 
  • 1783(a)MayerJCA The author describes the shape and areas of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1783(b)MayerJCA The author notes the place of attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1785SandifortE The author briefly writes about the attachment of the LCF.
  • 1786BlumenbachJF The author briefly writes about the anatomy and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1794(a)SommerringT The author describes the attachment, role, and absence of the LCF.
  • 1794(b)SommerringT The author describes the form, attachment, structure and function of the LCF. 
  • 1796WiedemannCRW The author describes the shape and attachment areas of the LCF.
  • 1796LoschgeFH The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1798LauthT The author describes the structure, geometric properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1803PortalA The author writes about synonyms, the anatomy and attachment options of the LCF, and also mentions cases where it is missing. 
  • 1803BoyerA The author describes the anatomy, shape, structure and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1808BellJ The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its synovial membrane.
  • 1816MeckelJF The author discusses the anatomy and function of the LCF, and also identifies one of the reasons for its damage. 
  • 1816CloquetJH In the passage, the author describes the anatomy of the LCF, and also mentions several synonyms. 
  • 1819MitchellE_BarclayJ The authors expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head.
  • 1820PallettaGB The author extensively describes the topography, structure, and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1824BarclayJ The author expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head. 
  • 1832MeckelJF The author briefly discusses abnormalities of the LCF and its distal insertion. 
  • 1836MunzM The author briefly writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF.
  • 1837CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, while denying its mechanical significance. 
  • 1838BlandinPF The author describes the anatomy and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1839WeberMI The author examines the anatomy, properties of the LCF and uses several synonyms.
  • 1840RosenmüllerJC The author provides basic information about the LCF and its function.
  • 1841BarkowHCL The author discusses development, anatomy and function of the LCF. 
  • 1842LangenbeckCJM The author discusses the anatomy, role and synonyms of the LCF.
  • 1844CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF
  • 1845ArnoldF The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF and notes its role in supporting the pelvis when the body is in an upright position. 
  • 1845HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms. 
  • 1849QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions synonyms. 
  • 1849SantessonC. The author reviews the anatomy, role and development of the LCF.
  • 1850SappeyMPC The author expresses the opinion that the primary role of the LCF is to protect the blood vessels supplying the femoral head. 
  • 1851HyrtlJ The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the LCF: a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. 
  • 1853KnoxR The author points out that LCF is a thick and dense bundle of fibers. 
  • 1853JamainA The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF, noting its three points of proximal attachment.
  • 1855WalbaumCFE The author reports the presence of blood vessels in the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and its mechanical significance in the prenatal period.
  • 1856HenleJ The author examines in detail the structure, shape and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1857HyrtlJ The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the LCF (a conductor of inflammatory processes). 
  • 1857RichetA Fragments of the book are devoted to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1857RüdingerN The author found that the inferior branch of the obturator nerve reaches the LCF.
  • 1858GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations of Henry Carter. 
  • 1861HoldenL The author discusses the attachment and anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1864RambaudA_RenaultC The authors describe the development of the hip joint in children and mention the place of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1865LangerC The author discusses the structure of the LCF and notes the presence of a cavity filled with vessels and loose fiber. 
  • 1865HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms too.
  • 1867GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations.
  • 1867CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF and denies mechanical significance. 
  • 1864LuschkaH The author reports the presence of three bundles in the fibrous base of the LCF.  
  • 1868AebyCT The author believed that the LCF is the internal capsule of the joint. 
  • 1868BeaunisH_BouchardA The authors briefly describe the anatomy of the LCF and its role.
  • 1875HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations. 
  • 1876SappeyMPC The author summarized the basic information about LCF. 
  • 1877aWelckerH The author discusses the differences in the anatomy of the LCF in animals: tapir, orangutan, chimpanzee.
  • 1877bWelckerH The author discusses differences in the relative strength and size of the LCF in humans at different ages.
  • 1878WelckerH In the article, the author discusses the embryonic development of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in humans and certain animals (pinnipeds, tapirs). 
  • 1878MarshallJ The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1878QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions several synonyms too.
  • 1879 Krause CFT The author discusses the attachment and shape of the LCF, and lists several of its lesser-known synonyms.
  • 1880SchusterH The article discusses the embryonic development of the LCF in humans and some animals. 
  • 1881HartmannR The author discusses the shape, anatomy of the LCF, mentions its synonyms and cases of absence in animals.
  • 1882LangerC In the work, the author focuses on the presence in the LCF of strong fibrous bundles attached to the bones. 
  • 1882ReevesHA The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its role.
  • 1883MorelC_DuvalM The selected passages on the LCF and its function. 
  • 1883GegenbaurC The author denies the mechanical significance of the LCF.
  • 1886LesshaftP According to the author, the LCF reduces shocks and impacts of the articular surfaces. 
  • 1886PanschA The author believes that the LCF is a synovial process and briefly writes about its anatomy and function.
  • 1887GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and original illustrations of Henry Carter with additional drawings in later editions. 
  • 1887HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations (eng. ed.).
  • 1889AmantiniC Selected excerpts from the article examine the role of the LCF vessels in the blood supply to the femoral head. 
  • 1890DebierreC The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1892PoirierPJ The selected passages summarized the basic information about LCF obtained by the end of the 19th century. 
  • 1904FickR Fragments of the book summarize the basic information about LCF obtained by the beginning of the 20th century. 
  • 1904TestutL Fragments of the book recapitulate the basic information about LCF anatomy obtained by the beginning of the 20th century.
  • 1908GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and illustrations. 
  • 1910SuttonHA_DrinkerCK The selected fragments discuss the anatomy and topography of the LCF.
  • 1918GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and color illustrations.
  • 1956SingerCJ Galen writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
  • 2015DehaoBW_YoungJLS Understanding the ligamentum teres of the hip: a histological study. 
  • 2017KakuN_TsumuraH The article discusses the internal structure and attachment features of the LCF in the norm. 
  • Acetabular Canal. Part 1. This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions. See also Part 2 and Part 3


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  T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health,  to create new implants and techniques  of treating degenerative  pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5)  and the Google Translate service .  We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections!     TABLES OF CONTENTS      ANCIENT MENTIONS  (Early literary evidence and early authors... ) 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius  The author writes about the  normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 10...

1922LeeserI

  A fragment of the Book of Genesis tells about the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). The translation into English from of the Masoretic Hebrew text of the Torah was done by Isaac Leeser ( 1922 LeeserI ). «Most scholars agree that the texts now found in Genesis began to be written down sometime after the establishment of the monarchy in Israel in the tenth century BCE» (1992SuggsMJ_MuellerJR). A selected passage from an ancient work mentions for the first time in history the injury of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of a person is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33). In the original Hebrew source this anatomical element is referred to as «גיד» (gheed, gid)  ( Bereshit 32:33 ;  1923, 2004PreussJ;  2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV ;  2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV ).  This term was recorded in writing long before Hippocrates of Kos (V-IV cent. BCE) who used the concept «νεῦρον» to designate LCF (1844LittréÉ). It is not known...

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Pathological Changes of LCF

  Version : 20240419 RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF LCF 1. Absence of detectable changes 2. Elongation 3. Shortening 4. Thinning (hypotrophy) 5. Thickening (hypertrophy) 6. Disappearance 7. Impingement (within the joint space) 8. Compression (in the fossa of the acetabulum) 9. Marginal defect 10. Distally detached fragment 11. Proximally detached fragment 12. Two-fragments injury (in the midsection) 13. Avulsion-fracture of the distal end 14. Avulsion-fracture of the proximal end 15. Subsynovial avulsion of the distal end 16. Subsynovial avulsion of the proximal end 17. Synovial sheath 18. Partial distal end detachment 19. Partial proximal end detachment 20. Partial subsynovial injury 21. Complete subsynovial injury 22. Combination of pathological changes   PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF LCF 1. Edema 2. Dystrophic change in the stroma 3. Total dystrophic change 4. Metaplasia 5. Sclerosis 6. Hyalinosis 7. Fibrosis ...

Load on LCF

  Version : 20240419 Magnitude of LCF Load 1. Optimally loaded 2. Partially loaded 3. Unloaded 4. Excessively loaded (overloaded)   Reasons for Increased Load on LCF 1. Increase in effective body weight 2. Decrease in the lever arm of the abductor muscle group 3. Decrease in the strength of the abductor muscle group 4. Increase in the lever arm of body weight 5. The presence of a dynamic component (walking, running, jumping)   Reasons for Decreased Load on LCF 1. Decrease in body weight 2. Increase in the lever arm of the abductor muscle group 3. Increase in the strength of the abductor muscle group 4. Decrease in the lever arm of body weight 5. Absence of dynamic component (walking, running, jumping)   Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur , round ligament, ligamentum teres, classification, functions, dysfunction, l oad                       ...

Set of Classifications

  General Classification of LCF Pathology Version : 20240420 Annotation Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of LCF Pathology. Introduction In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. L.I. Gaevskaya distinguished three types of LCF: 1) long and thick (length 41–51 mm, thickness 5 mm), 2) short and thin (length 10–20 mm, thickness 1 mm), 3) long and of small thickness (length 43–45 mm, with a thickness of 3 mm, and length 28–30 mm with a thickness of 4–5 mm) (1954 ГаевскаяЛИ ). V.V. Kovanov, A.A. Travin identified three varieties of histological structure of LCF: 1) with a predominance of loose connective tissue; 2) with a predominance of dense connective tissue; 3) with a uniform distribution of loose and dense connective tissue ( 1963 КовановВВ _ ТравинАА ). The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to i...