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MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

 

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY 

(Anatomy, histology, embryology, topography in normal and pathological conditions...) 


  • 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
  • 1523Berengario da CarpiJ The author describes the attachment, physical properties and role of the LCF. 
  • 1543(a)VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms. 
  • 1543(b)VesaliusA The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF. 
  • 1555VesaliusA The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms (second edition of the treatise).
  • 1559ColomboMR Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1600LaurensA The author writes about the anatomy, attachment, properties, shape and size LCF.
  • 1603IngrassiaeIP The author writes about the topography of LCF, its geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1610RiolanJ The author discusses the localization, function, attachment and mentions rare synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1611BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1611GuidiG The author briefly writes about the anatomy, function, and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1615BauhinC The author describes the consistency, attachment and role of the LCF.
  • 1626BartholinC The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1632CasseriGC The author writes about the location and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1666VeslingJ The author describes the attachment, properties and role of the LCF.
  • 1687BlancardS The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1693VerheyenP The author indicates the localization and briefly describes the shape and consistency of LCF. 
  • 1697MunnicksJ The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF.
  • 1698CowperW The author writes about the anatomy, attachment and function of the LCF
  • 1705RuyschF The author describes the anatomical preparation containing the LCF, notes its areas of attachment, geometric and mechanical properties. 
  • 1724FabriciusJA Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its inherent connective function. 
  • 1726AlbinusBS The author describes the attachment areas of the LCF, as well as mentions the role of the adipose tissue of the acetabular cavity and the vessels entering it.
  • 1726HeisterC The author briefly writes about the anatomy and role of the LCF. 
  • 1732KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Lat] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1732WinslowJB The author writes in detail about the anatomy, structure and synonyms of LCF. 
  • 1734KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Fra] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1736NesbittR The author mentions the proximal attachment region of the LCF.
  • 1738FabriciusH Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the LCF, as well as its injury during hip dislocation.
  • 1739LimburgA  The author briefly writes about the LCF. 
  • 1740KulmusJA The author briefly writes [Deu] about the anatomy, properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1741HeisterL The author describe the anatomy and topography LCF.
  • 1742WeitbrechtJ The author describes the prismatic shape of the LCF and the areas of its attachment.
  • 1743SchwenckeT A photocopy and preliminary translation of a forgotten scientific article dedicated to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1750DrakeJ The author does not name the LCF, but accurately describes its appearance (short, thick, and round), and indicates the attachment points.
  • 1751BöhmerPA The author describes the topography, mechanical properties and role of the роль LCF.  
  • 1753TarinP The author notes the localization of LCF and uses synonyms.
  • 1756HallerA The author describes the sources of blood supply to the LCF. 
  • 1758MonroA The author writes about the attachment, role and strength of the LCF. 
  • 1762MorgagniJB The author mentions the properties and localization of LCF.
  • 1775SabatierRB The author discusses the form, anatomy, injuries, and role of the LCF.
  • 1776LieutaudJ The author describes the form, attachment, function of the LCF and discusses its name. 
  • 1783(a)MayerJCA The author describes the shape and areas of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1783(b)MayerJCA The author notes the place of attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1785SandifortE The author briefly writes about the attachment of the LCF.
  • 1786BlumenbachJF The author briefly writes about the anatomy and attachment of the LCF. 
  • 1794(a)SommerringT The author describes the attachment, role, and absence of the LCF.
  • 1794(b)SommerringT The author describes the form, attachment, structure and function of the LCF. 
  • 1796WiedemannCRW The author describes the shape and attachment areas of the LCF.
  • 1796LoschgeFH The author writes about the attachment and function of the LCF.
  • 1798LauthT The author describes the structure, geometric properties and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1803PortalA The author writes about synonyms, the anatomy and attachment options of the LCF, and also mentions cases where it is missing. 
  • 1803BoyerA The author describes the anatomy, shape, structure and attachment of the LCF.
  • 1808BellJ The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its synovial membrane.
  • 1816MeckelJF The author discusses the anatomy and function of the LCF, and also identifies one of the reasons for its damage. 
  • 1816CloquetJH In the passage, the author describes the anatomy of the LCF, and also mentions several synonyms. 
  • 1819MitchellE_BarclayJ The authors expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head.
  • 1820PallettaGB The author extensively describes the topography, structure, and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1824BarclayJ The author expressed the opinion: LCF movements stimulate the production of synovial fluid, and restricts the translational movements of the femoral head. 
  • 1832MeckelJF The author briefly discusses abnormalities of the LCF and its distal insertion. 
  • 1836MunzM The author briefly writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF.
  • 1837CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, while denying its mechanical significance. 
  • 1838BlandinPF The author describes the anatomy and mechanical properties of the LCF. 
  • 1839WeberMI The author examines the anatomy, properties of the LCF and uses several synonyms.
  • 1840RosenmüllerJC The author provides basic information about the LCF and its function.
  • 1841BarkowHCL The author discusses development, anatomy and function of the LCF. 
  • 1842LangenbeckCJM The author discusses the anatomy, role and synonyms of the LCF.
  • 1844CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF. 
  • 1845ArnoldF The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF and notes its role in supporting the pelvis when the body is in an upright position. 
  • 1845HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms. 
  • 1849QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions synonyms. 
  • 1849SantessonC. The author reviews the anatomy, role and development of the LCF.
  • 1850SappeyMPC The author expresses the opinion that the primary role of the LCF is to protect the blood vessels supplying the femoral head. 
  • 1851HyrtlJ The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the LCF: a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. 
  • 1853KnoxR The author points out that LCF is a thick and dense bundle of fibers. 
  • 1853JamainA The author briefly describes the anatomy of the LCF, noting its three points of proximal attachment.
  • 1855WalbaumCFE The author reports the presence of blood vessels in the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and its mechanical significance in the prenatal period.
  • 1856HenleJ The author examines in detail the structure, shape and blood supply of the LCF. 
  • 1857HyrtlJ The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the LCF (a conductor of inflammatory processes). 
  • 1857RichetA Fragments of the book are devoted to the anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1857RüdingerN The author found that the inferior branch of the obturator nerve reaches the LCF.
  • 1858GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations of Henry Carter. 
  • 1861HoldenL The author discusses the attachment and anatomy of the LCF. 
  • 1864RambaudA_RenaultC The authors describe the development of the hip joint in children and mention the place of attachment of the LCF.
  • 1865LangerC The author discusses the structure of the LCF and notes the presence of a cavity filled with vessels and loose fiber. 
  • 1865HollsteinL The author discusses the anatomy and role of the LCF, and mentions its synonyms too.
  • 1867GrayH Selected fragments of the "classical" anatomy of the LCF and original illustrations.
  • 1867CruveilhierJ The author discusses the anatomy of the LCF and denies mechanical significance. 
  • 1864LuschkaH The author reports the presence of three bundles in the fibrous base of the LCF.  
  • 1868AebyCT The author believed that the LCF is the internal capsule of the joint. 
  • 1868BeaunisH_BouchardA The authors briefly describe the anatomy of the LCF and its role. 
  • 1874HenleJ. The author indicates the attachment of the LCF to the transverse ligament of the acetabulum.
  • 1875HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations. 
  • 1876SappeyMPC The author summarized the basic information about LCF. 
  • 1877aWelckerH The author discusses the differences in the anatomy of the LCF in animals: tapir, orangutan, chimpanzee.
  • 1877bWelckerH The author discusses differences in the relative strength and size of the LCF in humans at different ages.
  • 1878WelckerH In the article, the author discusses the embryonic development of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in humans and certain animals (pinnipeds, tapirs). 
  • 1878MarshallJ The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1878QuainJ The author writes about the anatomy and function of the LCF and mentions several synonyms too.
  • 1879 Krause CFT The author discusses the attachment and shape of the LCF, and lists several of its lesser-known synonyms.
  • 1880SchusterH The article discusses the embryonic development of the LCF in humans and some animals. 
  • 1881HartmannR The author discusses the shape, anatomy of the LCF, mentions its synonyms and cases of absence in animals.
  • 1882LangerC In the work, the author focuses on the presence in the LCF of strong fibrous bundles attached to the bones. 
  • 1882ReevesHA The author describes the anatomy of the LCF and its role.
  • 1883MorelC_DuvalM The selected passages on the LCF and its function. 
  • 1883GegenbaurC The author denies the mechanical significance of the LCF.
  • 1886LesshaftP According to the author, the LCF reduces shocks and impacts of the articular surfaces. 
  • 1886PanschA The author believes that the LCF is a synovial process and briefly writes about its anatomy and function.
  • 1887GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and original illustrations of Henry Carter with additional drawings in later editions. 
  • 1887HeitzmannC The author briefly describes the topography and blood supply of the LCF, and also supplements the text with original illustrations (eng. ed.).
  • 1889AmantiniC Selected excerpts from the article examine the role of the LCF vessels in the blood supply to the femoral head. 
  • 1890DebierreC The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the LCF.
  • 1892PoirierPJ The selected passages summarized the basic information about LCF obtained by the end of the 19th century. 
  • 1904FickR Fragments of the book summarize the basic information about LCF obtained by the beginning of the 20th century. 
  • 1904TestutL Fragments of the book recapitulate the basic information about LCF anatomy obtained by the beginning of the 20th century.
  • 1908GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and illustrations. 
  • 1910SuttonHA_DrinkerCK The selected fragments discuss the anatomy and topography of the LCF.
  • 1918GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and color illustrations.
  • 1956SingerCJ Galen writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
  • 2015DehaoBW_YoungJLS Understanding the ligamentum teres of the hip: a histological study. 
  • 2017KakuN_TsumuraH The article discusses the internal structure and attachment features of the LCF in the norm. 
  • Acetabular Canal. Part 1. This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions. See also Part 2 and Part 3. 


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1614PlatterF

Fragment from the book Platter F. Observationum (1614). The author notes the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in fixing the femur in the acetabulum and the possibility of its lengthening  (synovitis) . Quote pp. 141-142 [Lat] Cruris dextri astrictio & contractio, post coxendicum dolorem. Cùm enim ligamentum illud articulum circumd ás, omnium totius corporis ligamentorum, quae articulos ambiunt, sit amplissimum; fieri potest, ut adeò cedat, ut (sicuti saepe sit) femoris caput, è suo sinu devoluatur, & in membranae illius (quae cùm erassissima sit, prae omnibus totius corporis ligamentis, nunquam vi qualicunque disrumpi potest) amplitudine seu capacitate subsistat, elongato simul & vehementer attracto, tereti illo & crasso, quod caput aliàs in suo sinu retinere solet, ligamento. Quod & ob tensionem illam nimiam, astrictum & induratum, chordae alicuius crasssissimae & firmisimae instar, quae nunquam disrumpi, nunquam ab acetabulo, cuius cartilag...
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LCF Mechanics

   Mechanics   OF THE  Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Announcement: A new scientific direction « Mechanics of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris» has been formed.   Definition: A section of physiology that develops issues of applying the doctrine of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), its movements and forces to solving medical and biological problems.   Synonyms: LCF Mechanics Mechanics of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Mechanics Ligament of the Head of Femur Mechanics L igamentum Teres Femoris Mechanics Round Ligament of Femur Mechanics   Postulates of LCF Mechanics: Strong, flexible, and non-stretchable with specific attachment points. Limits adduction, rotation, and cranial displacement of the femur. Shunts load on the femoral head and the abductor muscle group of the hip joint. Ensures rhythmicity, symmetry, and energy efficiency of walking. Performs the function to suspend the pelvis during single-leg support.   T...
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LCF in 2025 (June)

  LCF in 2025 ( June )   (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space.  Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027.    [i]     academic.oup.com   Iglesias, C.  J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION.   EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013    [ii]       researchgate.net   Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...
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17c.PatelP

Patel P., Landscape with Jacob wrestling the angel (17th century). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Pierre Patel – Landscape with Jacob wrestling the angel (17th century); original in the  wikimedia.org  coll...
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1833GerdyPN

  P.N. Gerdy, in his experiment, discovered tensioning of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) during thigh adduction. At the same time, it was noted for the first time that the consequence of LCF tension during hip adduction is a downward and lateral displacement of the femoral head. Normally, this mechanism provides unloading of the upper articular surfaces when supporting one leg (see 1874SavoryWS ). The translation from French was done in collaboration with ChatGPT 3.5.   Gerdy PN. Physiologie médicale, didactique et critique. T. 1. Paris: Librairie de Crochard, 1833. [fragment] Quote pp. 551-554   L'inclinaison de la cuisse en dehors, que l'on nomme son abduction, est un mouvement assez étendu, mais qui pourtant ne permet pas à la cuisse de se placer perpendiculairement à sa direction verticale. Les batteleurs peuvent se reposer sur un plan horizontal, les cuisses écartées en sens opposé. Dans l'inclinaison ...
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1550CortiM

  Fragment from the book Corti M. In Mundini Anatomen explicatio (1550). An early description of the anatomy and role of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is presented, and a rare synonym is mentioned. The pathogenesis of lameness and soft tissue atrophy in LCF pathology is discussed. For more details, see the comment 1550CortiM [Rus] . Quote p. 376-377. [Lat] De anatomia cruris & pedis. Postea eleua musculos & chordas & vide ossa. Et primum est os foemoris supra quod fabricati sunt spondyles dorsi: & per consequens totum corpus. In parte inferiori habet pixidem quondam: in cuius concauitate locata est extremitas rotunda canna coxe: quae vertebrum vocatur. & in medio amborum in parte interiori est quod dam ligamentum quod potest vocari vertebrum: & quando hoc vel primum resilit foras: tunc niecesse est hominem claudicare: quia crus hoc elongatur & firmari non potest: nec totum potest bene supportari: & necesse est vt crus tabescat: quia uene quae p...
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BLOG CONTENT

  T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health,  to create new implants and techniques  of treating degenerative  pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5)  and the Google Translate service .  We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections!     TABLES OF CONTENTS    Acetabular Canal   (Anatomy, topography and significance of the functioning area of ​​the ligamentum capitis femoris) Acetabular Canal.  Part 1.   This article describes the space where the ligam...
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1921BrausH

  Fragments from the book: Braus H. Angeborene Gelenkveränderungen, bedingt durch künstliche Beeinflussung des Anlagemateriales (1921). The author describes the anatomy, attachment, shape, properties and changes in pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The text in German. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1921BrausH . Quote p. 523-524. Eine Besonderheit der Hüftpfanne ist ein Fenster in ihrer Wandung. Der knöcherne Rand, an welchem die Pfannenlippe angeheftet ist, ist nach unten zw breit eingeschnitten, Incisura acetabuli (Abb. 90). Die Pfannenlippo ist trotzdem ein geschlossener Ring, weil die genannte Lücke durch ein Band, Ligamentum transversum acetabuli. überbrückt wird und weil die Pfannenlippe auf dieses Band fortgesetzt ist (Abb. 258). So ist der ventil artige Abschluß des Pfannenrandes gegen den Schenkelkopf gewahrt und trotz dem der Eintritt eines Bandes in den Innenraum des Gelenkes durch das Fenster unterhalb des Bandes möglich. Das Pfa...
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1445SchlapperitzinK

  Schlapperitzin K , m iniature Jacob Wrestling the Angel (1445).  Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Konrad  Schlapperitzin  –  Jacob wrestling the angel  (1445); original in the ...
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1883SuttonJB

  According to the author, the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is a tendon of the pectineus muscle, separated from it in consequence of skeletal modifications.   THE LIGAMENTUM TERES By J. B. SUTTON, Demonstrator of Anatomy, Middlesex Hospital. (PLATE VIII.) The round ligament of the coxo-femoral articulation has long been an anatomical puzzle, consequently many diverse notions exist concerning it. Some anatomists ascribe to this hollow band of fibrous tissue very important functions in the mechanism of the hip-joint; others deprive it of all glory, simply assigning to it the menial duty of conveying blood-vessels to the head of the femur. Certain authors content themselves with a brief description of its attachments; others give elaborate and detailed accounts, extending over several pages, of its anatomy and supposed function. My object in the present communication is to show that this singular ligament is nothing more than the tendon of the pectineus muscle, sepa...
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