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1803PortalA

 

Fragments from the book Portal A. Cours d'anatomie médicale. T. 1. (1803). The author writes about the synonyms, anatomy and attachment options of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and also mentions cases where it is missing. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. 

Quote pp. 458-459

La tête du fémur est obliquement placée sur l’extrémité supérieure du col, lequel est aussi obliquement coupé, de manière que la tête du fémur est à la partie supérieure, plus externe qu’à sa partie inférieure; et l’obliquité du col, relativement à l’axe du fémur, est telle, qu’il fait avec le corps de cet os un angle d'environ quarante-cinq degrés. Sa forme est demi-sphérique; elle est couverte d’un cartilage qui rend sa surface unie et polie. On y distingue rieurement, une petite cavité dans laquelle s’implante le lisament interarticulaire, assez impropremient appelé ligament rond, dont il sera question plus bas. 

Quote pp. 462-464

Des cartilages et des ligamens de la cavité cotyloïde, et de la tête du fémur.

L’extrémité supérieure du fémure est articulée avec la cavité cotyloïde, qui est incrustée d’un cartilage, à l'exception de sa partie postérieure, où on distingue une seconde cavité, mais beaucoup plus petite que la précédente, laquelle est destinée à loger un corps synovial; cette grande cavité est donc ainsi divisée en deux cavités subalternes, l’une grande, proportionnée au volume de la tête du fémur, et l’autre beaucoup plus petite pour la glande synoviale innominée.

La grande cavité articulaire est incrustée d’un cartilage blanc élastique, plus épais à sa circonférance que dans le fond.

La petite cavité est occupée par un corps large, aplati, ayant la forme d’une substance graisseuse. On l’a regardé comme une glande synoviale. Cette glande, comme Bertin (1) l'a bien remarqué, est arrosée par des rameaux artériels provenant d’une petite branche de l’obturatrice, laquelle pénètre la cavité cotyloïde en passant sous le ligament de la sinuosité interne de cette cavité, et après s'être insinuée entre les racines du ligament vulgairement appelé rond.

(1) Ostéol., tom. IV, p. 92.

Le sang qui a été porté dans la glande par le moyen de ces rameaux artériels, en est rapporté par des veines, lesquelles sortent de la cavité par les mêmes endroits qui ont donné passage aux artéres, et vont aboutir à un tronc plus gros, appartenant à la veine obturatrice; la glande cotyloïde reçoit aussi, par la même voie, quelques filets nerveux provenans du nerf obturateur.

La tête de l’os de la cuisse est recouverte d’une incrustation cartilagineuse en forme de calotte moins épaisse dans son contour que dans le reste de som étendue; à sa partie postérieure et un peu inférieure on observe une dépression ou enfoncement, dans lequel est attaché le ligament vulgairement appelé rond.

Ce ligament, qu’on peut mieux nommer articulaire interne, est composé de deux racines qui se réunissent en un corps, qui ressemble plutôt à un prisme, comme Weitbrecht l’a observé, qu'à un cylindre: les deux racines ligamenteuses réunies forment un seul ligament, qui est implanté à la tête du fémur comme il vient d’être dit.

Des deux racines séparées, l’une est implantée supérieurement et intérieurement à l’échancrure interne de la cavité cotyloïde près de l’enfoncement qui contient la glande synoviale, et l’autre est attachée près de la même échancrure inférieurement, mais un peu plus extérieurement.

Ces deux bandelettes ligamenteuses sont recouvertes par une expansion membraneuse, qui est une production de celle qui revêt la glande innominée, et cette expansion prolongée sur le ligament jusqu’au fémur le recouvre en forme de gaine: c’est entre les deux bandelettes du ligament que passent les branches artérielles et les nerfs qui vont à la glande synoviale, ainsi que les veines qui en viennent.

Schvencke qui a donné une nouvelle description de ce ligament (1), prétend qu’au lieu d’un seul qu'on décrit, il y en a deux; que l’un adhère à l'os ischion sur le bord inférieur de l’échancrure cotyloïde, et que l’autre qui est moins gros, est implanté au bord supérieur de l’échancrure appartenant au pubis, et que tous deux s'étant rapprochés, et enfin confondus l’un avec l’autre, s’attachent à la tête du fémur.

(1) À la suite de son traité Hæmatologia, 1743.

Plusieurs anatomistes (2) n’ont point trouvé ce ligament, soit d’un côté, soit des deux à la fois; mais n'est-ce pas par quelqu’accident particulier qu’ils avoient été alors détruits?

(2) Bernard Genga, anatomiste romain, dit que les deux ligamens ronds manquoient dans un cadavre quil disséqua en 1662. Anat. chirur. in Rom. 1675. in-8°. Voyez aussi ce que nous avons dit sur cet objet dans nos Observationssur la nature el sur le traitement du rachitisme; des maladies de la cavité cotyloïde; art. VI, part. II. 

Quote p. 470

La luxation q qu’on a dit P provenir de la rupture du ligament interarticulaire par cause externe , ou par sa destruction par cause interne , ne nous paroît pas assez constatée pour l’admettre sans quelques’ doutes ; car les ligamens ronds manquoient des deux côtés dans un cadavre chez lequel les fémurs étoient parfaites ment bien maintenus dans la cavité cotyloïde : et dans un autre cadavre le ligament rond gauche manquoit, et cependant la tête du fémur étoit bien contenue dans sa cavité ; d’où il paroît que le bourlet ligamenteux de la cavité cotyloïde suffit quelquefois pour la maintenir dans sa cavité (2).

(2) Voyez l’Ostéologie de Bertin, t. IV, p. 248.

External links

Portal A. Cours d'anatomie médicale; ou, Elémens de l'anatomie de l'homme, avec des remarques physiologiques et pathologiques, et les résultats de l'observation sur le siège et la nature des maladies, d'après l'ouverture des corps. T. 1. Paris. Baudouin, 1803. [archive.org]

Authors & Affiliations

Antoine Portal (1742-1832) was a French anatomist, doctor, medical historian, professor of anatomy at the Collège de France, professor of anatomy at the Jardin du Roi. [wikipedia.org]

Antoine Portal (1781)
Line engraving by J. P. Dupin, junior,
original in the 
wikimedia.org
 collection (CC0 – Public Domain, no changes)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, synonym, role,attachment area, absence

                                                                                                                    

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7


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