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THE DOCTRINE OF LCF

 

THE DOCTRINE OF ligamentum capitis femoris:
 An Instrument of Knowledge and Innovation.

Definition:

A set of theoretical provisions on all aspects of knowledge about the anatomical element ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).




Structure of the Doctrine of ligamentum  capitis  femoris.

 


 

 

E

 

 

a

 

 

R

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

T

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

M

 

 

 

 

 

 

H

 

 

 

 

 

 

M

 

 

 

 

 

O

 

 

 

 

 

The Beginning

 

 

 

 

 

A

 

 

 

 

 

O

 

 

 

 

The Emergence of LCF

 

 

 

 

R

 

 

 

 

 

N

 

 

 

The Lower Limb Girdle

 

 

 

S

 

 

 

 

Plans

 

The Human Hip Joint

 

Plans

 

 

LCF on the Moon

The Acetabular Canal in Humans

LCF on Mars

 

General Structure, Anatomy, and Topography of Human LCF

 

Distal Attachment

Proximal Attachment

 

Blood Supply

Innervation

Lymphatic Circulation

 

Embryo

Dense Tissue


Loose Tissue

Childhood

 


Hardness

Diagnostics.

Collagen

Prevention.

Shape


 

 

 

 

Flexibility


Elastin


Color

 


Elasticity

Plates

Size


 

Orientation

Cartilage Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Strength

 

Bone Tissue

Fatigue Resistance

Synovial Tissue

 

Absence

Proximal 
Displacement


Distal 
Displacement

Old Age

 


Iatrogenesis

Prognosis.

Trauma

Pathology.

Involution


 

 

 

 

Entrapment


Fibrosis


Metastasis

 


Elongation

Tumor

Dysplasia


 

Shortening

Hypertrophy

Hypotrophy

Ossification

 

Endocrinopathy

Hypodynamia

Mechanical Stress

 

Necrosis

Pathology in 
Animals


Occupational 
Pathology

Infection

 


Fish

Veterinary.

Reptiles

Professions.

Evolution


 

 

 

 

Amphibians


Paleognaths


Primates

 


Marsupials

Neognaths

Hominids


 

Monotremes

Placental Mammals

Paleontology

Homo

 

Regression

Archaeology

Observations

 

Myths

Surgical 
Treatment


Conservative 
Treatment

Medication

 


Projects

Products.

Religion

Surgery.

Drawings


 

 

 

 

History


Prose


Videos

 


Catalogs

Poetry

Humor


 

Classifications

Scientific 
Synonyms
Non-Scientific 
Synonyms

Curiosities

 

Functions in 
Bipedal Animals

Functions in Humans

Functions in 
Quadrupedal Animals

 

Computer Models

Postulates of LCF Mechanics

LCF Mechanics

 


Graphic Models

THEORY..

LCF MECHANICS

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Effects


 

2-D Models


Role

Significance

 


3-D Models

Biomechanics


 

Applied Mechanics



Morphomechanics

 


Tools

Robotics


 


Arkhipov SV


 


Gilis P

Fick R


 


Morel C, Duval M

Morris H



Savory WS

Braune W

Pirogoff N


 


Turner W

Humphry GM

Struthers J


 


Bell J

Partridge R

Meyer GH

Gerdy PN


 


Cowper W

Andry N

Weber W, Weber E

Walther AF


 

Bereshit

Hippocrates

Galen

Piccolomini A

Genga B

 

Base of LCF Mechanics

 

 .Stairway to the Past or History of the Doctrine of LCF ↓↓↓

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                           Recent Publications




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Practical Applications





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                                                               Experimental Research


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1820PallettaGB




1816MeckelJF





                                      Interpretation and Analysis





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1724FabriciusJA




                                                                                  Systematization



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                                             Accumulation of Facts





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                                                                Anatomical Studies


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                                                    Observation





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Josephus Flavius




Rufus Ephesius




                                                                 Verified Literature



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                          Early Written Records





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Chinchorro Mummies







                                                                     Drawings and Artifacts



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Homo ergaster



                                    Material Evidence


                          



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                                                                   Assumptions and Facts 



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Absolute Oblivion…



 

Before 13.8 BYA, the search for evidence of LCF is futile.  

  Black, cold, motionless World: 
  time - 0, 
  mass - 0, 
  energy - 0, 
  information - 0. 




Appendices

Acceptable Synonyms:.

  • The Doctrine of LCF
  • The Doctrine of Ligamentum Capitis Femoris
  • The Doctrine of Ligamentum Teres Femoris
  • The Doctrine of Ligament of Head of Femur
  • The Doctrine of Ligamentum Capitis Ossis Femoris
  • Учение о связке головки бедра
  • Учение о связке головки бедренной кости
  • Учение о круглой связке бедра



                                                                                             


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1886LesshaftP

  According to the author, the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reduces shocks and impacts of the articular surfaces. In addition, P. Lesshaft states an anatomical fact: the LCF is located vertically under the part of the acetabulum, which mainly bears the weight of the body. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet.   Über die Vorriehtungen in den Gelenken zur Milderung der mit den Bewegungen verbundenen Stösse und Erschütterungen . Von P. Lesshaft, Professor der Anatomie in St. Petersburg. (Schluß.) Die Bewegungen im Kiefergelenke werden auch von einer hier liegenden Bandscheibe (Meniscus interarticularis) gemindert, aber außerdem von Syndesmosen, die als Gomphosis der Zähne und als Nahtverschmelzung (sutura) hier vorkommen und welche nichts anderes als eine (...
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163-192Galen

Fragment from the treatise Galen. On anatomical procedures (Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων, ca. 163-192). The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and also notes its connective function. See our commentary at the link: 163-192Galen [Rus], and  2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote [Grc] Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων. Βιβλιον B. K εφ . ι ʹ . Αλλά χρή σε, καθάπερ επί της χειρός επεσκέψω τους συνδέσμους των οστών, ούτω και νυν επισκέψασθαι πασών των γεγυμνωμένων διαρθρώσεων, πρώτης μεν της κατ' ισχίον, εχούσης ένα μεν εν κύκλω σύνδεσμον, απάντων των άρθρων κοινόν, (ουδέν γάρ έστιν, ότω μή περιβέβληται τοιούτος σύνδεσμος,) έτερον δε τον διά του βάθους εν τη διαρθρώσει κατακεκρυμμένον, ος συνάπτει την κεφαλήν του μηρού τη κατ' ισχίον κοιλότητι, πάνυ σκληρός ών, ώς ήδη δύνασθαι λέγεσθαι νεύρον χονδρώδες. (original source: 1821KühnCG, pp. 328-329) [Lat] De Anatomicis Administrationibus. Liber II. Cap. X. Verum considerare te convenit, ut i...
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Tiktaalik roseae

  TIKTAALIK ROSEAE The first truly tetrapod animal (Limbed tetrapods) is recognized as the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae (clade Elpistostegalia), discovered in rocks aged about 375 Ma (2006DaeschlerEB_JenkinsJrFA; 2008ShubinN; 2017ShubinN). Discoveries in recent years have allowed us to place the taxa of early tetrapodomorphs in the following order: Tinirau, Eusthenopteron, Megalichthys, Panderichthys, Qikiqtania, Tiktaalik, Elpistostege, Parmastega, Ventastega, Acanthostega, Elginerpeton, Ymeria, Ichthyostega (2022StewartTA_ShubinNH). The closest ancestor of Tiktaalik roseae, the fragments of the skeleton of which are relatively well preserved, is Panderichthys. Reconstruction of the prehistoric fish Pandericthys Author Tyler Rhodes; original in the  wikipedia.org   collection (license CC BY-SA 3.0, no changes). The shape of the skeleton of the pectoral fin and shoulder girdle suggests that Panderichthys rhombolepis "walked" (2006AhlbergPE_ClackJA). At the very least...
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1877MorrisH

An excerpt from the article by Morris H. Dislocations of the Thigh: their mode of occurrence as indicated by experiments, and the Anatomy of the Hip-joint (1877, pp. 161-170). The author noted that the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is stretched during flexion, adduction, and external rotation. It was found that the LCF is always damaged in hip dislocations, is more often torn from the femur, and is rarely ruptured. Discussion of article see article 1877BrookeC .   DISLOCATIONS OF THE THIGH: THEIR MODE OF OCCURRENCE AS INDICATED BY EXPERIMENTS AND THE ANATOMY OF THE HIP-JOINT. BY HENRY MORRIS, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S., ASSISTANT SURGEON TO, AND LECTURER ON ANATOY1 AT, THE MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL. Received January 9th-Read February 13th, 1877. RECENTLY, whilst making various dissections of the hip-joint, the usually accepted doctrine that dorsal and ischiatic dislocations of the femur occur when the thigh is in a position of adduction appeared to me as very improbable, on anatomi...
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1857HyrtlJ

The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Based on his own research, Josef Hyrtl asserts that the vessels of the LCF do not participate in supplying blood to the femoral head. The author highlights the high strength of the LCF and changes in congenital dislocations. Apparently, this work was the first to suggest that the LCF serves as a conductor of inflammatory processes and a cause of coxalgia. Hyrtl J. Handbuch der topagraphischen Anatomie und ihrer praktisch medicinisch-chirurgischen Anwendungen. Zweiter band. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1857. [fragment] Quote p. 410-412 c. Rundes Band des Schenkelkopfes. Einfluss desselben auf die Stellung des Beins bei Coxalgie. Ein verticaler, durch die Mitte der Pfanne und des Schenkelkopfes und bei richtiger Beckenneigung von aussen nach innen geführter Schnitt, trennt das runde Band in zwei gleiche Schenkel, einen vorderen und hinteren. Das Band ...
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LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May )  (Quotes from articles and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34.     [i]     e-aosm.org   Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.      [ii] link.springer.com   Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788.      [iii]     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...
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Australian Aborigines

  AUSTRALIAN ABORIGENES The first cuneiform texts appeared at the dawn of the Sumerian civilization in the period between 3500-3100 BCE. Due to the fact that before this interval there was no writing, an older text mentioning ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) will never be found. Perhaps a drawing or pictogram of it will be found on a stone. Our assumption is inspired by the study of the rock art of the Australian Aborigines in the style of «X-ray art». Ancient artists, depicting animals and people, often drew bones, internal and external organs, and also designated joints. The minimum age of the early X-ray painting on the western Arnhem Land Escarpment in northern Australia is 5068-6636 years (2017JonesT_WesleyD). Here, in the area of the Burrungui (Nourlangie) and Madjedbebe (Malakunanja II) shelters, rich in rock art, human settlements existed 24-20 Kya (2017MaySK_SanzID). Modern comprehensive analysis indicates the beginning of the settlement of Australia and the territory near...
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280-352Rava

  Sayings of Rava extracted from the tractates Chullin and  Horayot  (Babylonian Talmud). Babylonian Talmud was written between about 450 - 550 in present-day Iraq (formerly Babylonia). The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and demonstrates knowledge of its function.  See our commentary at the link:   280-352Rava [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Chullin 54b3 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Chullin 91a12 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Horayot 12a:16 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Chullin 54b3 The Gemara addresses the matter itself: Rav Mattana says: This head of the femur that was completely dislocated renders the animal a tereifa. And Rava said: The animal is kosher, but if its sinew holding the bone in place is cut, it is a tereifa. The Gemara concludes: And the halakha is: Even if the sinew is cut, the animal is still kosher...
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1851HyrtlJ

  The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. J. Hyrtl believed that it was impossible to completely dislocate the hip without tearing the LCF. Hyrtl J. Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, mit Rücksicht auf physiologische Begründung und praktische Anwendung. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1851. [fragment] Quote p. 265 In der Höhle des Gelenks liegt das runde Band des Schenkelkopfes (Lig. teres), welches an der Incisura acetabuli entspringt, und bei richtiger Neigung des Beckens, senkrecht zur Grube des Schenkelkopfes aufsteigt. Es beschränkt dieses Band die Zuziehung des Schenkels, und schreibt zugleich den durch die Incisura acetabuli eindringenden Blutgefässen den Weg vor, den sie zum Oberschenkelkopfe zu nehmen haben. Da das Band, wenn es in die Höhle des Gelenkes vorragen würde, durch Reibung viel zu leiden hätte, so...
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14c.Rudolf_von_Ems

  Rudolf von Ems. Weltchronik, m iniature Jacob Wrestling with an Angel ( 14th cent., between 1350 and 1375).  Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day  ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Unknown author ,  m iniature  Jacob Wrestling with an Ang...
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