The Birth of the Earth
The solar system arose 4.5682-4.567 billion years ago (2013HazenRM). It
has been found with an accuracy of 1% that the substance of the
"Earth-Moon-meteorite" complex is 4.55-4.51 billion years old
(2001DalrympleGB). The outlined segment is the immediate beginning of the
arrangement of our Home in the Universe.
One of the most important conditions for the emergence of life is liquid
water (2002ChybaCF_PhillipsCB). Analysis of lithosphere particles aged 4406
(+14/-17) million years showed that they crystallized under conditions of
increased water pressure (2012O'NeilJ_FrancisD). Accordingly, moisture was
present no later than 160 million years after the "establishment" of
the planet. The explanation for this is the proven presence of water in the
accretion disk of the newborn Sun, which the Earth could have received in a
volume equivalent to one to three oceans (2005DrakeMJ). According to a
conservative estimate, half of the Earth's water is of cometary origin
(2005JavoyM).
A significant early challenge for Earth’s development was the
bombardment by cosmic bodies. Evidence of impact events, on the Moon dates back
to around 4.14 billion years ago, with an increase in impacts from 3.92–3.85
billion years ago (2006TaylorGJ). This cataclysm, known as the "Late Heavy
Bombardment," spurred a rapid migration of gas giants, altering the orbits
of comets and asteroids that collided with Earth and its satellite
(2005GomesR_MorbidelliA).
The movement of tectonic plates significantly affects the circulation of
chemicals important for meeting the needs of living organisms. It is assumed
that subduction processes began in the middle of the Archean, or 3.8-2.5
billion years ago (2020StueekenEE_LammerH). The movement of sections of the
earth's crust will later be a prerequisite for the preservation of the
diversity of animal anatomy. Thus, thanks to the isolation of Australia, we
know about the features of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in monotremes
and marsupials.
References
Hazen RM. The Origin and Evolution of Earth: From the Big Bang to the Future of Human Existence. Course Guidebook. United States of America: The great courses, 2013. [archive.org]
Dalrymple GB. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001;190(1)205-21. [yellcollection.org]
Chyba CF, Phillips CB. Europa as an abode of life. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 2002;32:47-67. [link.springer.com]
O'Neil J, Carlson RW, Paquette J-L, Francis D. Formation age and metamorphic history of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt. Precambrian Research. 2012;220-221:23-44. [sciencedirect.com]
Drake MJ. Origin of water in the terrestrial planets. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2005;40(4)519-27. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
Javoy M. Where do the oceans come from? Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2005;337(1-2)139-58. [sciencedirect.com]
Taylor GJ. Wandering Gas Giants and Lunar Bombardment. Planetary Science Research Discoveries. 2006;108:1-9. [ui.adsabs.harvard.edu]
Gomes R, Levison HF, Tsiganis K, Morbidelli A. Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature. 2005;435(7041)466-9. [nature.com]
Stueeken EE, Som SM, Claire M, Rugheimer S, Scherf M, Sproß L, ... Lammer H. Mission to planet Earth: the first two billion years. Space Science Reviews. 2020;216:1-37. [link.springer.com]
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