The Birth of the Earth

The Birth of the Earth

The solar system arose 4.5682-4.567 billion years ago (2013HazenRM). It has been found with an accuracy of 1% that the substance of the "Earth-Moon-meteorite" complex is 4.55-4.51 billion years old (2001DalrympleGB). The outlined segment is the immediate beginning of the arrangement of our Home in the Universe.

One of the most important conditions for the emergence of life is liquid water (2002ChybaCF_PhillipsCB). Analysis of lithosphere particles aged 4406 (+14/-17) million years showed that they crystallized under conditions of increased water pressure (2012O'NeilJ_FrancisD). Accordingly, moisture was present no later than 160 million years after the "establishment" of the planet. The explanation for this is the proven presence of water in the accretion disk of the newborn Sun, which the Earth could have received in a volume equivalent to one to three oceans (2005DrakeMJ). According to a conservative estimate, half of the Earth's water is of cometary origin (2005JavoyM).

A significant early challenge for Earth’s development was the bombardment by cosmic bodies. Evidence of impact events, on the Moon dates back to around 4.14 billion years ago, with an increase in impacts from 3.92–3.85 billion years ago (2006TaylorGJ). This cataclysm, known as the "Late Heavy Bombardment," spurred a rapid migration of gas giants, altering the orbits of comets and asteroids that collided with Earth and its satellite (2005GomesR_MorbidelliA).

The movement of tectonic plates significantly affects the circulation of chemicals important for meeting the needs of living organisms. It is assumed that subduction processes began in the middle of the Archean, or 3.8-2.5 billion years ago (2020StueekenEE_LammerH). The movement of sections of the earth's crust will later be a prerequisite for the preservation of the diversity of animal anatomy. Thus, thanks to the isolation of Australia, we know about the features of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in monotremes and marsupials.

References

Hazen RM. The Origin and Evolution of Earth: From the Big Bang to the Future of Human Existence. Course Guidebook. United States of America: The great courses, 2013. [archive.org]

Dalrymple GB. The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2001;190(1)205-21. [yellcollection.org]

Chyba CF, Phillips CB. Europa as an abode of life. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere. 2002;32:47-67. [link.springer.com]

O'Neil J, Carlson RW, Paquette J-L, Francis D. Formation age and metamorphic history of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt. Precambrian Research. 2012;220-221:23-44. [sciencedirect.com]

Drake MJ. Origin of water in the terrestrial planets. Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 2005;40(4)519-27. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Javoy M. Where do the oceans come from? Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2005;337(1-2)139-58. [sciencedirect.com]

Taylor GJ. Wandering Gas Giants and Lunar Bombardment. Planetary Science Research Discoveries. 2006;108:1-9. [ui.adsabs.harvard.edu]

Gomes R, Levison HF, Tsiganis K, Morbidelli A. Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature. 2005;435(7041)466-9. [nature.com]

Stueeken EE, Som SM, Claire M, Rugheimer S, Scherf M, Sproß L, ... Lammer H. Mission to planet Earth: the first two billion years. Space Science Reviews. 2020;216:1-37. [link.springer.com]

«Newborn Earth»
The image was created in collaboration with the Image Creator service from Microsoft.

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Рождение Земли

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

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LCF in English Bibles

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Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

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The First Scientific Mention

European science has known the LCF for about 2500 years. It is the most important functional connection of the hip joint. The first person to describe the LCF was Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). A written mention of the LCF is found in §1 of his treatise "On the Instrument of redactions". In our opinion, a book created in the library of the Asclepeion of the island of Kos. Hippocrates did not dissection of the human body, did not operate on the hip joint, did not have a CT scan and MRI. How he could discover the LCF? In our view, it is possible that Hippocrates treated a patient with an open hip dislocation. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip dislocation . ...

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1832MeckelJF

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Fragment from the book Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed (1190). The treatise is philosophical work and an explanation of the Biblical account of creation, was written in Egypt ( sefaria.org ). The author mentions a variant of the pathology ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד) in humans. See our commentary at the link: 1190Rambam [Rus]. Quote. [Heb] Part 3.48:6 «:וטעם 'גיד הנשה' כתוב» (original source: sefaria.org ). Translation Quote. [Eng] Part 3, Chapter 48.6 The reason why the sinew that shrank is prohibited is stated in the Law (Gen. xxxii.33). (trans. M. Friedländer ; original source: 1956MaimonidesM, p. 371) External links Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed. Egypt, 1190. [ sefaria.org ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. [1904] [ sacred-texts.com ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: G. Routledge & Sons...

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