General
Classification of LCF Pathology
Version:
20240420
Annotation
Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of LCF Pathology.
Introduction
In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum
capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. L.I. Gaevskaya distinguished
three types of LCF: 1) long and thick (length 41–51 mm, thickness 5 mm), 2)
short and thin (length 10–20 mm, thickness 1 mm), 3) long and of small
thickness (length 43–45 mm, with a thickness of 3 mm, and length 28–30 mm with
a thickness of 4–5 mm) (1954ГаевскаяЛИ). V.V. Kovanov, A.A. Travin identified three
varieties of histological structure of LCF: 1) with a predominance of loose
connective tissue; 2) with a predominance of dense connective tissue; 3) with a
uniform distribution of loose and dense connective tissue (1963КовановВВ_ТравинАА).
The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify
various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development
of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations
(1997GrayAJ_VillarRN; 2001RaoJ_VillarRN; 2010CerezalL_Pérez-CarroL;
2011BotserIB_DombBG; 2015SalasAP_O'DonnellJ M; 2017DevittBM_O'DonnellJM;
2018O'DonnellJM_AroraM). Analysis of literature data and our own morphological
observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres
Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers (2020ArkhipovSV),
as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres
(2020ArkhipovSV). The classification is intended to systematize pathology of LCF, assist in the development of general approaches to its description,
registration, analysis, and treatment.
LCF pathology may be caused by local processes and injuries, as well as
by diseases of the entire body, individual organs, or systems. Due to this, the
systematic classification of all possible changes is challenging. In our
collection, we have used terminology accepted in medicine and biology, applying
term elements from various classifications: systematic, histological,
morphological, traumatological, topographic, and functional.
Catalog. General Classification of LCF Pathology
FACTORS CAUSING OF LCF PATHOLOGY
LOCALIZATION OFPATHOLOGY IN THE DISTAL ATTACHMENT AREA OF LCF
LOCALIZATION OFPATHOLOGY IN THE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT AREA OF LCF
LOCALIZATIONOF PATHOLOGY IN THE DISTAL PART OF LCF
LOCALIZATION OFPATHOLOGY IN THE PROXIMAL PART OF LCF
DIRECT MECHANISM OF LCF INJURY
INDIRECT MECHANISM OF LCF INJURY
COMBINED MECHANISM OF LCF INJURY
LCF INJURIES FROM THE TYPE OF ITS DEFORMATION
SUBTYPE OF COMPLETE LCF INJURY
HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF LCF ATTACHMENT SITES
Pathology of the Vascular System OF LCF
Pathology of the Nervous System OF LCF
VARIETIES OF LOCAL INFECTIOUS INVOLVEMENT OF LCF
RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF LCF
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF LCF
CHANGESIN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LCF
CHANGING THE SPATIAL POSITION OF LCF
CHANGING OF GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF LCF
PATHOLOGY OF LCF ATTACHMENT AREAS
Types of Pathology of LCF Attachment Area
Variants of Pathology of LCF Attachment Area
Pathology of the Distal Attachment Area of LCF
Pathology of the Distal Attachment Area of LCF
TOPOGORAPHY OF THE ACETABULAR CANAL
PATHOLOGY OF THE ACETABULAR CANAL
Effects of the Mechanical Function of LCF
ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF LCF FUNCTIONS
Degrees of LCF Function Performance
Reasons for Increased Load on LCF
Reasons for Decreased Load on LCF
SUBTYPES OF LCF RECONSTRUCTION
Conclusion
We believe that the use of the provided classifiers will allow for a
more comprehensive description of LCF pathology, aid in determining rational
methods of treatment and restoration of its function, and assist in predicting
the outcomes of hip joint diseases and injuries.
References
Гаевская ЛИ. Топографо-анатомические особенности
связочного аппарата тазобедренного сустава и их значение для клиники: дис. ...
канд. мед. наук. Ленинград, 1954.
Кованов ВВ, Травин АА. Хирургическая анатомия нижних конечностей. Москва, 1963. [1lib.sk]
Arkhipov SV. Classification of functions of the ligamentum teres. Ligamentum teres - ligamentum incognitum. 07.06.2020. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.32089.34403 [researchgate.net]
Arkhipov SV. General classification of the ligamentum teres pathology. Vers. 2.0.1, 41 sections, 343 paragraphs and subparagraphs. Update: 07.06.2020. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.25378.45769 [researchgate.net]
Botser IB, Martin DE, Stout CE, Domb BG. Tears of the ligamentum teres: prevalence in hip arthroscopy using 2 classification systems. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(1):117S-25S. [journals.sagepub.com]
Cerezal L, Kassarjian A, Canga A, Dobado MC, Montero JA, Llopis E, Pérez-Carro L. Anatomy, biomechanics, imaging, and management of ligamentum teres injuries. Radiographics. 2010;30(6):1637-51. [pubs.rsna.org]
Devitt B.M., Smith B., Stapf R., Jo S., O’Donnell JM: The reliability of commonly used arthroscopic classifications of ligamentum teres pathology. J Hip Preserv Surg 2017;4(2):187-93. [scholar.google]
Gray AJ, Villar RN. The ligamentum teres of the hip: an arthroscopic classification of its pathology. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 1997;13(5):575-8. [sciencedirect.com]
O’Donnell JM, Devitt BM, Arora M. The role of the ligamentum teres in the adult hip: redundant or relevant? A review. Journal of hip preservation surgery 2018;5(1):15-22. [academic.oup.com]
Rao J, Zhou YX, Villar RN. Injury to the ligamentum teres: mechanism, findings, and results of treatment. Clin Sports Med 2001;20(4):791-9. [sportsmed.theclinics.com]
Salas AP, O’Donnell JM. Ligamentum teres injuries - an observational study of a proposed new arthroscopic classification. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2015;2(3):258-264. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, classification, pathology
External links
Arkhipov
SV. General Classification of LCF Pathology; Version: 20240420. About round ligament of femur (ligament of head
of femur), 2024.04.20. [roundligament.blogspot.com]
In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service.
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