Variants and Phases of LCF Pathology

Version: 20240418

Classification depending on the combination of factors leading to the pathology of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF)

VARIANTS OF LCF PATHOLOGY

1. Simple

2. Combined

We subdivide the phases of LCF pathology depending on the time elapsed after exposure.

PHASES OF LCF PATHOLOGY

1. Acute

2. Subacute

3. Chronic

4. Permanent

5. Old

Acute LCF pathology develops rapidly, sometimes instantaneously, as in the case of trauma. Chronic LCF pathology refers to a gradually progressing process that has started and persisted for a long time. The term subacute phase in LCF pathology is used when the process progresses and resolves within three weeks to four months. Permanent LCF pathology implies continuous periodic impact leading to pathological changes. An example of permanent pathology is walking with altered physical properties of the densely formed connective tissue comprising the LCF stroma. Old LCF pathology denotes a pathological change that occurred long ago without subsequent progression or regression.

Keywords:

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, round ligament, ligamentum teres, classification, pathology, variants, phases

In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service.

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Set of Classifications

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13c.Soligalich

Soligalich , icon, Jacob wrestling with the angel ( 13 cent. ). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob wa s left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Soligalich – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel ( 13 cent. ); original in the leonovval...

2018WhiteBJ_HerzogMM

Article: White BJ et al. Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report (2018). A case of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reconstruction using a tendon graft is described. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2018WhiteBJ_HerzogMM . Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report White BJ, Scoles AM, Herzog MM CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract This study aims to present the surgical technique for reconstructing both the acetabular labrum and the ligamentum teres and to describe the early outcomes of this procedure in a 15-year-old male with recurrent hip instability. A 15-year-old patient with recurrent left hip dislocation, hip joint instability and failed non-operative intervention presented f...

Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», January 2026

The journal is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and related topics About the Journal »»» . The online journal « About Round Ligament of Femur » was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project: ONLINE JOURNAL: Ligamentum capitis femoris . Updates: As new materials are prepared. Mission : Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal: Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher: Arkhipov S.V., independent researc...

LCF in 2025 (August)

LCF in 2025 ( August ) (Quotes from articles and books published in August 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Castro, A., de Melo, C., & Leal, F. (2025). Complications in hip Arthroscopy: Recognizing and managing adverse events. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma , 103144. [i] journal-cot.com Negayama, T., Nishimura, H., Murata, Y., Nakayama, K., Takada, S., Nakashima, H., ... & Uchida, S. (2025). Factors associated with treatment failure after hip arthroscopic surgery for the patient with femoroacetabular impingement secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Journal of ISAKOS , 100937. [ii] jisakos.com Wegman, S. J., Shaikh, H., Brodell Jr, J. D., Cook, P. C., & Giordano, B. D. (2025). Femoral head osteochondral allograft transplantation with and without simultaneous periacetabular osteotomy: a case series. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf037. [iii] ...

LCF in 2025 (July)

LCF in 2025 ( July ) (Quotes from articles and books published in July 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris.) Tekcan, D., Bilgin, G., & Güven, Ş. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. HAYDARPAŞA NUMUNE MEDICAL JOURNAL , 65 (2), 99-103. [i] jag.journalagent.com Domb, B. G., & Sabetian, P. W. (2025). Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Gluteal Tendinopathy, Partial Tear, Complete Tear, Iliotibial Band Syndrome, and Bursitis. In Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (pp. 1-17). Springer, Cham. [ii] link.springer.com Kuhns, B. D., Becker, N., Patel, D., Shah, P. P., & Domb, B. G. (2025). Significant Heterogeneity in Existing Literature Limits Both Indication and Outcome Comparability Between Studies Involving Periacetabular Osteotomy For Acetabular Dysplasia With or Without Arthroscopy Despite Improvement for Both: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy . [iii] ...

LCF in 2024 (September)

Publications about the LCF 2024 (September). Chen, P. L., Lu, Y. H., & Hsieh, C. P. (2024). Hip Arthroscopy-assisted Reduction for Irreducible Hip Dislocation: A Case Report. Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders , 15 (3), 115-119. [i] journals.lww.com Domb, B. G., Owens, J. S., Lall, A. C., Harris, W. T., & Kuhns, B. D. (2024). Ten-Year Outcomes in Patients Aged 40 Years and Older After Primary Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement With Labral Repair. The American Journal of Sports Medicine , 03635465241270291. [ii] journals.sagepub.com Rossi, F. W., Osman, M., & Mormile, I. (Eds.). (2024). Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disorders . Frontiers Media SA. [iii] books.google.fi Jimenez, R. Q., Walsh, E., & Domb, B. G. (2024). Revision Hip Arthroscopy: Getting It Right the Second Time. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine , 151108. [iv] ...

LCF in 2024 (October)

Publications about the LCF 2024 ( October ) . Gänsslen, A., Lindtner, R. A., Krappinger, D., & Franke, J. (2024). Pipkin fractures: fracture type-specific management. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 1-14. [i] link.springer.com Vesey, R. M., MacDonald, A. A., Brick, M. J., Bacon, C. J., Foo, G. L., Lu, M., ... & Woodward, R. M. (2024). Imaging characteristics of hip joint microinstability: a case–control study of hip arthroscopy patients. Skeletal Radiology. 05 Oct: 1-11. [ii] link.springer.com Wu, W., Liu, M., Zhou, C., Mao, H., Wu, H., Wu, Z., & Ma, C. (2024). Efficacy of Outside‐In Hip Arthroscopy without Traction in the Treatment of Hip Synovial Osteochondromatosis. Orthopaedic Surgery. 9999:n/a. [iii] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Yang, J., Zhang, T., Zhu, X., He, Z., Jiang, X., & Yu, S. (2024). miRNA-223-5p Inhibits Hypoxia-induced Apoptosi...

LCF in 2026 (January)

L CF in 2026 ( January ) (Quotes from articles and books published in January 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Villegas Meza, A. D., Nocek, M., Felan, N. A., Speshock, A., Bolia, I. K., & Philippon, M. J. (2025). Hip Microinstability: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Outcomes A Narrative Review. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine , 205-221. [i] tandfonline.com , dovepress.com Wang, C. H., Wang, J. H., Lin, Y. H., Shih, C. A., & Hong, C. K. (2026). An Unusual Mechanical Cause of Hip Subluxation Following Modified Dunn Procedure for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Case Report. Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders , 10-4103. [ii] journals.lww.com Alsaghaier, A. (2026). Results of spica cast in treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children between 6-18 Months. Journal of Academic Research , 30 , 28-43. [...

LCF in 2024 (April)

Marešová, S., Kuricová, M., & Lipták, T. (2024). Assessment of New Radiographic Traits in Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD). Acta Veterinaria, 74(1), 30-43. [i] sciendo.com Koch, A., Kasprzyk, M., Musielak, B., & Jóźwiak, M. (2024). Long-term outcomes of reconstructive treatment for painful dislocations in patients with cerebral palsy. Journal of Children's Orthopaedics, March 24, 18632521241233165. [ii] journals.sagepub.com Bido, J., Meyers, K. N., Gonzalez, F. Q., Zigan, C., Wright, T., & Rodriguez, J. A. (2024). Contribution of the Medial Ilio-femoral Ligament to Hip Stability After Total Hip Arthroplasty Through the Direct Anterior Approach. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 25 March. [iii] arthroplastyjournal.org Richter, C., Ishøi, L., Kraemer, O., Hölmich, P., & Thorborg, K. (2024). Association of 5-Year Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes with Hip Morphology and Cartilage Status at Time of Surgery: A National Registry Study With HAGOS O...

LCF in 2025 (June)

LCF in 2025 ( June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027. [i] academic.oup.com Iglesias, C. J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 [ii] researchgate.net Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...

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