Classification of Neoplasms of the LCF

Version: 20240228

Reports on neoplasms of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) are scarce. Among them, we can distinguish malignant and benign neoplasms. We categorized xanthomas and synovial cysts as distinct types of pathological alterations in tissues closely tumors. Primary of the LCF tumors are possible from various types of connective tissue and theoretically from nervous tissue. Neoplasms of the ligament can also be the result of metastasis and infiltration.

Classification of Neoplasms of the LCF (Vers. 2.1.0)

1. Primary malignant tumors
Malignant chondroma
2. Primary benign tumors
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
Synovial chondromatosis
Synovial osteochondroma
Fibromyxoid pseudotumor
3. Metastasis and infiltration
4. Synovial cysts
5. Xanthoma

References

Malignant chondroma

LeConte, R.G., Lee, W.E., Belk, W.P. (1925) Enchondroma of the femur with repeated recurrences and ultimate death. Arch Surg. 11, 93–9. [jamanetwork.com]

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor

Douvlis, G., Tsiridis, C. A., Gamie, Z., Mpintoudi, A., Milonakis, N., Kenanidis, E., ... & Bintoudi, A. (2024). Acetabular Reconstruction in a Rare Case of Ligamentum Teres Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumour (TGCT) Causing Extensive Destruction. Cureus, 16(1). [cureus.com , assets.cureus.com(PDF)]

Singh, P. J., Constable, L., & O’Donnell, J. (2009). Arthroscopic excision of a giant-cell tumour of the ligamentum teres. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume, 91(6), 809-811. [boneandjoint.org.uk]

Fibromyxoid pseudotumor

McLawhorn, A. S., Bansal, M., Swensen, S., Schneider, R., Kelly, B. T., Williams, R. J., & Sink, E. L. (2014). Fibromyxoid pseudotumor of the ligamentum teres treated with fresh osteochondral allograft. Skeletal radiology, 43, 541-546. [link.springer.com]

Synovial osteochondroma

Ajabnoor, R. M., Quinzi, D. A., Carmody, E., & Boyce, B. F. (2022). Intraligamentous synovial osteochondroma of the ligamentum teres: a series of 14 cases. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 15(7), 282. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pigmented villonodular synovitis

Nazal, M. R., Parsa, A., & Martin, S. D. (2019). Arthroscopic treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip using puncture capsulotomy. Arthroscopy Techniques, 8(6), e641-e646. [www.sciencedirect.com]

Synovial chondromatosis

Lim, S. J., Chung, H. W., Choi, Y. L., Moon, Y. W., Seo, J. G., & Park, Y. S. (2006). Operative treatment of primary synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip. JBJS, 88(11), 2456-2464. [journals.lww.com]

Lin, C. W., & Wu, C. D. (2018). Primary synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip joint treated with arthroscopic-assisted mini-open surgery-two case reports. Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports, 8(2), 38. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Byrd, J. T., & Jones, K. S. (2000). Prospective analysis of hip arthroscopy with 2-year follow-up. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery, 16(6), 578-587. [rehabeducation.com]

Synovial cysts

Haug, F., & Herzog, R. (2021). Intra-and Periarticular Ganglia (Synovial Cysts) of the Hip with Compression of the Obturator Nerve, Concomitant with Lesions of the Ligamentum Teres – A Report of 3 Cases. Open Journal of Orthopedics, 11(5), 170-182. [scirp.org]

Metastasis and infiltration

Ozaki, T., Putzke, M., Bürger, H., Gosheger, G., Winkelmann, W., & Lindner, N. (2002). Infiltration of sarcomas into the hip joint: comparison of CT, MRI and histologic findings in 67 cases. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 73(2), 220-226. [tandfonline.com]

Alkalay, D., Kollender, Y., Mozes, M., & Meller, I. (1998). Transarticular tumor invasion via ligamentum teres: A clinical-pathologic study of 12 patients. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 69(1), 29-30. [tandfonline.com]

Bickels, J., Meller, I., Henshaw, R., & Malawer, M. (1999). Proximal and total femur resection with endoprosthetic reconstruction. Musculoskeletal cancer surgery, 439-58. [tumorsurgery.org]

Bodden, J., Neumann, J., Rasper, M., Fingerle, A. A., Knebel, C., von Eisenhart-Rothe, R., ... & Woertler, K. (2022). Diagnosis of joint invasion in patients with malignant bone tumors: value and reproducibility of direct and indirect signs on MR imaging. European Radiology, 32(7), 4738-4748. [link.springer.com]

Sasaki, T., Gokita, T., Ae, K., Tanizawa, T., Hayakawa, K., Funauchi, Y., ... & Matsumoto, S. (2020). Osteosarcoma arising from acetabulum extended to femoral head through round ligament: a case report. Oxford Medical Case Reports, 2020(11), omaa076. [academic.oup.com]

Rüdiger, H. A., Dora, C., Bode-Lesniewska, B., & Exner, G. U. (2005). Extra-articular resection of the hip with a posterior column-preserving technique for treatment of an intra-articular malignant lesion: a report of two cases. JBJS, 87(12), 2768-2774. [journals.lww.com]

Schlachter, T. R., Wu, Q., & Matlyuk-Urman, Z. (2011). AIRP best cases in radiologic-pathologic correlation: synovial chondrosarcoma. Radiographics, 31(7), 1883-1888. [pubs.rsna.org]

Afonso, P. D., Weber, M. A., Isaac, A., & Bloem, J. L. (2019, June). Hip and pelvis bone tumors: can you make it simple?. In Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology (Vol. 23, No. 03, pp. e37-e57). Thieme Medical Publishers. [thieme-connect.com]

Pack, G. T., & Ehrlich, H. E. (1946). Exarticulation of the Lower Extremities for Malignant Tumors: Hip Joint Disarticulation (with and without Deep Iliac Dissection) and Sacro-iliac Disarticulation (Hemipelvectomy) Part III. Annals of surgery, 124(1), 1. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, tumor, neoplasms, metastasis, chondromatosis, cysts

In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service.

BLOG CONTENT

Set of Classifications

Comments

LCF in 2025 (September)

LCF in 2025 ( September ) (Quotes from articles and books published in September 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Zhang, Z., Dong, Q., Wang, T., You, H., & Wang, X. (2025). Redescription of the osteology and systematic of Panguraptor lufengensis (Neo-theropoda: Coelophysoidea). 01 September 2025. PREPRINT (Version 1) [i] researchsquare.com Tripathy, S. K., Khan, S., & Bhagat, A. (2025). Surgical Anatomy of the Femoral Head. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 1-13). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [ii] link.springer.com Yoon, B. H., Kim, H. S., Lim, Y. W., & Lim, S. J. (2025). Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Hip & pelvis , 37 (3), 171-177. [iii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Bharath, C. M., Aswath, C. A., Ayyadurai, P., Srinivasan, P....

0cent.4Q158.1-2

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragments 1-2 of Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158.1-2, which previously contained part of Genesis 32 with a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). We have translated the reconstructed text of M.M. Zahn (2009). The English translation is available at: 0 cent .4 Q 158.1-2 . [ii] Original text Photocopy Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158, fragments 1-2 (Plate 138, Frag. 4 B-358482), material – parchment, text – Hebrew, period – Herodian. A screenshot of the original from The Leon Levy dead sea scrolls Digital Library collection, © 2025 Israel Antiquities Authority deadseascrolls.org.il (Fair use for criticism, study and comparison; sharpening, color correction, and captions done by us.). Transcription Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158, fragments 1-2, lines 11...

EXTERNAL LIGAMENTS & LCF

external ligaments & LCF First experiments to study the interaction of the external ligaments and the ligamentum capitis femoris in a model: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_6.html Pathological consequences of lengthening of the ligamentum capitis femoris: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_63.html norm: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_50.html #ligamentum_teres #ligamentum_capitis_femoris #hip #biomechanics Publication in the facebook group 03/27/2025. BLOG CONTE...

1802PalmeraniÁ

Palmerani Á , drawing Jacob wrestling with the angel (1802 ). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not prevail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Ángel Palmerani – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel ( 1802); original in the a...

1971CracraftJ

Content [i] Annotaction [ii] Original in English [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotaction F ragment s of the article: Cracraft J. The functional morphology of the hind limb of the domestic pigeon, Columba livia. (1971). The author studied the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in the pigeon. Its strength is noted and its attachment areas and biomechanics are described. The LCF functions in conjunction with the posterior acetabular ligament. Translation into Russian is available at the link: 1971CracraftJ . [ii] Original in English Quote, p. 182 TERES LIGAMENT The teres ligament (ter lig; fig. 2) arises from the dorsal portion of the head of the femur (fovea capitis; see Stolpe, 1932, p.165 ). A short and broad ligament, it curves ventromedially to the anteroventral edge of the inner opening of the acetabu...

1980WalkerJM

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Article : Walker JM. Growth characteristics of the fetal ligament of the head of femur: significance in congenital hip disease (1980). The author discusses the embryonic development and size of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in normal and dysplastic hips. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1980WalkerJM . [ii] Original text Growth Characteristics of the Fetal Ligament of the Head of Femur: Significance in congenital hip disease J.M. WALKER, Ph.D. Abstract Measurement of the length and width of the ligament of the head of femur (ligamentum teres) in 140 normal human fetuses between 12 weeks and term provides limits for growth changes in this structure. These observations provide no morphological evid...

1910SuttonHA_DrinkerCK

Fragments from the book Sutton HA, Drinker CK. Osteology and syndesmology (1910). The selected fragments discuss the anatomy and topography of the ligament of the femoral head (LCF). According to the authors, this structure has low strength, but Galen of Pergamon (2-3rd cent.) described it as «the strongest» ( 1829KühnCG ). [Eng] Quote 1. p. 76 . The Cotyloid Lig't., or Cartilage, surmounts the edge of the Acetabulum except where it is broken by the Notch. This ligament simply deepens the cavity. The centre of the Acetabulum, by a rough area, the Cotyloid Fossa, attaches the Ligamentum Teres. Quote 2. p. 79. Head. Slightly more than a half sphere in shape. An articular surface for the Acetabulum occupies it, except at a fossa which attaches the Ligamentum Teres. Quote 3. p. 86. Two connect the bones. They are: 1. Ligamentum Teres: — Weak. Passes between the centre of the Acetabulum and the oval fossa upon the Head of the Femur. It lies outside the synovial membrane. External link...

1541MondinoL_DryanderJ

Fragment from the book Mondino de Luzzi, Dryander J. Anatomia Mundini (1541). An early description of the anatomy and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is presented. The pathogenesis of lameness and soft tissue atrophy in LCF pathology is discussed. For more details, see the commentary in 1541MondinoL_DryanderJ [Rus] . Quote p. 62. [Lat] De anatomia cruris [&] pedis. Postea eleua musculos & chordas &, uide ossa. Et primura est os foemoris supra quod fabricatae sunt spondiles dorsi: & per consequens totum corpus in parte inferiori habet pixidem quondam, in cuius concauitate locata est extremitas rotunda canna coxae, que uocatur uertebrum. Et in medio amborum in parte anteriori est quod dam ligamentum, quod aliomodo porestuocari uertebrum: & quando hoc uel primum resilit foras: tunc niecesse ed hominem claudicare, quia crus hic elongatur & firmari non potest; & totum non bene potest supportari: & necesse eit etiam ut crus tab...

18c.Augsburg

Painting on glass from Augsburg – Jacob wrestling with the angel (18 cent.). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not prevail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Author unknown, painting on the reverse of glass from Augsburg – Jacob wrestling with the a...

1873MeyerGH

Professor Georg Hermann von Mayer discovered a pressure mark from the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) on the head of the femur. In the fragment presented to your attention, the author points out that the named depression indicates the tension of the LCF in the position of flexion and external rotation of the hip. This idea of Mayer was later repeatedly cited, see, for example, the work of Hermann Welcker " Ueber das Hüftgelenk, nebst einigen Bemerkungenüber Gelenke überhaupt, insbesondere über das Schultergelenk " (1876). von Meyer GH. Die Statik und Mechanik des menschlichen Knochengerüstes. Edited, Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann; 1873. [fragment] Quote pp. 342-344 Neben der Gelenkkapsel befindet sich in dem Hüftgelenke noch ein eigenthümlicher Bandapparat, das ligamentum teres, über dessen Bedeutung sehr verschiedene Auffassung gefunden wird. Von der einen Seite wird ihm nämlich entschieden ...

Search This Blog