20th Century

20th Century

Catalog of archived publications of the specified period

1900-1909

1900BetheE Julius Pollux calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».

1902RilkeRM Der Schauende.
1904FickR Fragments of the book summarize the basic information about LCF obtained by the beginning of the 20th century.
1904TestutL Fragments of the book recapitulate the basic information about LCF anatomy obtained by the beginning of the 20th century.

1905BardeenCR The agthor briefly discusses the emergence of the LCF.
1908GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and illustrations.

1910-1919

1910BrausH The author briefly discusses the pathological changes of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation.

1910FickR Author discusses the function of the LCF. This book is not yet available to us.
1910SuttonHA_DrinkerCK The selected fragments discuss the anatomy and topography of the LCF.
1914JonesFW_MorrisH The chapter of the fifth edition of «Morris's Human Anatomy», describing the anatomy and experiments on the function of the LCF, is provided with many remarkable illustrations.

1916WalmsleyT The author discusses the embryonic development and relationships of the LCF in humans and animals.

1917TrevesF_MackenzieC The author discusses the strength and significance of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its changes in hip dislocations and dysplasia.

1918GrayH Selected fragments of LCF anatomy and color illustrations.

1920-1929

1920FrazerJES The author describes anatomy, embryology, development, and attachment of the LCF.

1921BrausH The author describes the anatomy, attachment, shape, properties and changes in pathology of the LCF.

1922LeeserI The fragment from the Book of Genesis recounts the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). In the provided excerpt of the ancient text, for the first time in history, the injury to the LCF of a man is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33).
1923PreussJ The author translates the biblical term "גיד" into scientific language as LCF and notes the possibility of its damage in an animal.

1926HeyGrovesEH The author proposes fixation of the femoral head by creating a LCF from the joint capsule during reduction of congenital hip dislocation.
1927HeyGrovesEH The author describes fixation of the femoral head by creating a LCF from the joint capsule during reduction of congenital hip dislocation.
The First Open Reconstruction The first open reconstruction of the LCF was performed in 1926 by Ernest William Hey Groves.

1930-1939

1930PhemisterDB. The author discusses the involvement of the LCF arteries in the blood supply and metaplasia of the femoral head.

1934BökerH The author discusses the attachment, role and movement of the LCF.

1934FrancisETB The author points out that the salamander has two acetabular ligaments, analogous to the LCF.

1934WaldenstromJ The author suggests a connection between damage to the vessels of the LCF and the phenomena of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head during epiphysiolysis.

1940-1949

1943StrayerJrLM The author describes in detail the embryonic development, attachment and structure of the LCF.

1948EpsteinI The editor comments on the words of Rabbi Samuel (Shmuel) in the tractate Hullin of the Babylonian Talmud, explaining the location of the LCF in relation to the joint and its differences from the sciatic nerve.

1950-1959

1953LangA_BalintJ The authors discuss the arterial vessels of the LCF and the blood supply to the femoral head.

1956PelletL. The first endoprosthesis (image) In 1954, Leon L. Pellet proposed the first hip joint endoprosthesis with an analog of the LCF.
1956PelletLL Hip arthroplasty with flexible securing means [invention].
1956SingerCJ Galen writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
1957SingerC The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.

1960-1969

1965KolleschJ_KudlienF Hegetor and Apollo of Kition write about the connective function and attachment areas of the LCF, and discuss its damage in hip dislocation.

1968TrevorD The author discusses E. Hey Groves's operation for reconstruction of the LCF in the reduction of congenital hip dislocation.

1969DeeR The author discusses the nervous system of the LCF and its role in hip biomechanics.

1970-1979

1974SchwartzDL_HallerJAJr Open anterior hip dislocation with femoral vessel transection in a child [damage to the LCF].

1976CrelinES The author described an experimental study of the role of LCF in stabilizing the hip joint and its significance for the occurrence of congenital hip dislocation.

1978DavidT Prosthetic device for use as a hip joint [invention]

1980-1989

1980WalkerJM The author discusses the embryonic development and size of the LCF in normal and dysplastic hips.

1986SambandanS Traumatic open posterior dislocation of the hip: case report [atrophy of the LCF in a child !?].

1990-1999

1990DudkoGE Method of endoprosthetics of proximal end of femur [invention].

1990PerepichkaVD Endoprosthesis of proximal epimethaphysis of femur bone [invention].

1991FussFK_BacherA New aspects of the morphology and function of the human hip joint ligaments.

1992NeverovVA_ShilnikovVA Method for plastic surgery on the femoral head in applying hip joint endoprosthesis [invention].

1993ArkhipovSV Complete hip joint prosthesis designed by S.V. Arkhipova. Patent RU2089135.

1994(a)ArkhipovSV Unipolar endoprosthesis of hip joint designed. Patent Application №94038343.
1994(b)ArkhipovSV Artificial hip joint designed by S.V. Arkhipov. Application for invention № 94040447.
1996(a)ArkhipovSV Total hip joint prostheses. Application for invention №96110296.
1996(b)ArkhipovSV Total hip joint prostheses. Application for invention №96110298.
1996(c)ArkhipovSV Hip joint prostheses. Application for invention №96110383.
1996(d)ArkhipovSV The endoprosthesis of the femoral head. Application for invention №96118782.
1996(e)ArkhipovSV Hip prosthesis. Application for invention №96118874.
1996(f)ArkhipovSV Hip prosthesis. Application for invention №96119857.
1996(g)ArkhipovSV Hip endoprosthesis. Application for invention №96120312.
1996(h)ArkhipovSV The endoprosthesis of the femoral head. Application for invention №96120500.
1996(i)ArkhipovSV The endoprosthesis of the femoral head. Application for invention №96120542.
1996(j)ArkhipovSV Hip prosthesis. Application for invention №96120703.
1996(k)ArkhipovSV Hip prosthesis. Application for invention №96120828.

1997McCandlissR Coaxial ligamented hip prosthesis [invention].
1996ChenHH_LeeMC The authors investigate the strength of the LCF in avascular necrosis and femoral neck fracture.

1998AlkalayD_MellerI Transarticular tumor invasion via ligamentum teres: A clinical-pathologic study of 12 patients.

1999DennisDA_KomistekRD Method and apparatus for hip prosthesis [invention].

The images were created in collaboration with the Image Creator service from Microsoft

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THE DOCTRINE OF LCF

Comments

1902RilkeRM

Works of art that mention ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) are extremely rare. One such work is the poem «Der Schauende» ( He Who Visions, The Seer, The Man Watching, The Beholder) b y Rainer Rilke. Below is the original text in German. Der Schauende 1. Ich sehe den Bäumen die Stürme an, die aus laugewordenen Tagen an meine ängstlichen Fenster schlagen, und höre die Fernen Dinge sagen, die ich nicht ohne Freund ertragen, nicht ohne Schwester lieben kann. 2. Da geht der Sturm, ein Umgestalter, geht durch den Wald und durch die Zeit, und alles ist wie ohne Alter: die Landschaft, wie ein Vers im Psalter, ist Ernst und Wucht und Ewigkeit. 3. Wie ist das klein, womit wir ringen, was mit uns ringt, wie ist das groß; ließen wir, ähnlicher den Dingen, uns so vom großen Sturm bezwingen, - wir würden weit und namenlos. 4. Was wir besiegen, ist das Kleine, und der Erfolg selbst macht uns klein. Das Ewige und Ungemeine will nicht von uns gebogen sein. Das ist der Enge...

1730CheseldenW

Fragments from the book Cheselden W. The Anatomy of the Human Body (1730). The author draws attention to the role of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in counteracting hip dislocation and maintaining the femoral head in the joint. The work notes that the LCF is “powerful” and “short” - “about two inches” i.e. approximately 5 cm! This error will be corrected in a subsequent treatise ( 1733CheseldenW ) . Quote pp. 43 - 44 Chap. VII. Of the Ligaments At the upper part of the articulation of the Os Femoris and Os Innominatum, is a strong ligament of great consequence; it contributing very much to preserve that joint from being luxated by the weight of the body. And from the lower edge of the Acetabulum of the Os Innominatum, runs a ligament to the middle of the head of the Os Femoris, about two inches long (which the Motion in this joint requires) called Teres, or Rotundum, whose use is to prevent the Os Femoris from being luxated upwards, but down wards it will le...

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May ) (Quotes from articles and books published in May 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34. [i] e-aosm.org Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [ii] link.springer.com Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788. [iii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

1851HyrtlJ

The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. J. Hyrtl believed that it was impossible to completely dislocate the hip without tearing the LCF. Hyrtl J. Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, mit Rücksicht auf physiologische Begründung und praktische Anwendung. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1851. [fragment] Quote p. 265 In der Höhle des Gelenks liegt das runde Band des Schenkelkopfes (Lig. teres), welches an der Incisura acetabuli entspringt, und bei richtiger Neigung des Beckens, senkrecht zur Grube des Schenkelkopfes aufsteigt. Es beschränkt dieses Band die Zuziehung des Schenkels, und schreibt zugleich den durch die Incisura acetabuli eindringenden Blutgefässen den Weg vor, den sie zum Oberschenkelkopfe zu nehmen haben. Da das Band, wenn es in die Höhle des Gelenkes vorragen würde, durch Reibung viel zu leiden hätte, so...

1626BartholinC

Fragment from the book Bartholin C. Anatomicae Institutiones Corporis Humani (1626). The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The term «terete» (rounded) is used to indicate its geometry. The term «cartilagine» (cartilaginous) is used to describe the hardness of the LCF, and the analogy of «nervus esset cartilaginosus» (like a cartilaginous sinew) is given. Similar terminological elements are present in the works of Galen of Pergamon and Theophilus Protospatharius ( 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV ). See the previous edition at the link: 1611BartholinC Quote p. 409 [Lat] Cap. XXI. DE OSSIBUS TOTIUS PEDIS. … I. Est caput maximum & rotundum, ex appendice factum, quod in coxendicis acetabulum inseritur, & duplici ligamento cum coxendice nectitur: uno communi, lato, membraneo, sed satis crasso, orbiculatum articulum ambiente; altero terete, quasi cartilagine (ac si nervus esset cart...

1905BardeenCR

An excerpt from the article by Bardeen CR. Studies of the development of the human skeleton (1905). The author briefly discusses the emergence of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Quote p. 287 The hip-joint is represented at first by a dense mass of scleroblastema, Fig. 55. The development of the acetabulum by ingrowth and fusion of processes from the iliac, ischial and pubic cartilages has already been described. The cartilagenous joint-cavity is at first quite shallow, Fig. 56. But extension of cartilage into the blastemal tissue which passes from the pelvis over the head of the femur serves greatly to deepen it on all sides except in the region of the cotyloid notch. The joint-cavity is at first completely filled with a dense blastemat tissue, Fig. 56. While the embryo is growing from 20 to 30 mm. in length cavity formation begins in the tissue lying between the cartilagenous floor of the acetabulum and the head of the femur. The first stage in the process is marked by a c...

1720RuyschF

The author draws attention to the well-developed blood supply of the acetabular fossa, as well as the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In the work, it is referred to as the «ligamentum nerveo-cartilagineum», which literally means the tough cartilaginous ligament and implies its strength. With the difficulty of accessing the acetabular fossa, and therefore the LCF, Frederik Ruysch associates the inefficiency of treating hip joint pain. The writer presumably implies osteoarthritis. In our opinion, its development is initiated by the pathology of the LCF ( 2012АрхиповСВ ). The discussed work includes a black and white drawing of the LCF of a child, made by the illustrator Jan Wandelaar. In color, the same preparation, but from a different angle, was depicted by the artist Jan l'Admiral in a separate publication ( 1738LadmiralJ ). Ruysch F. Adversarium anatomico-medico-chirurgicorum decas secunda. In quâ varia notatu digna recensentur. Cum figuris aeneis. Amsterdami: a...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 14

Short retelling of chapter 14 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 14. ESAU AND JACOB At 40, Isaac marries Rebekah, his cousin’s daughter. Their marriage is long childless until Rebekah conceives twins, detected prenatally, possibly by her large belly or palpation. Genesis states that at 60, Isaac fathers the twins, born naturally after 20 years of marriage. The first, Esau, emerges “red, all hairy like a cloak,” followed by Jacob, unremarkable but grasping Esau’s heel. Over time, their differences deepen: Esau, a skilled hunter, roams fields; Jacob, gentle, stays in tents. Famine forces the family from “Beer-Lahai-Roi” in the Negev to “Gerar’s Philistine king,” then to “Gerar’s valley,” and finally to Beersheba. At 40, Jacob, urged by Rebekah, deceives blind Isaac to steal Esau’s inheritance, sparking enmity. Rebekah advises Jacob to flee to rela...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 1

Short retelling of chapter 1 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 1. THE BEGINNING OF THE WORLD The Bible stands as a remarkable testament to religious and philosophical thought, passed down through the ages with minimal alterations. At its core lies a collection of texts rooted in the sacred writings of Jewish and Samaritan traditions, known as the Torah, meaning "Law" or "Teaching." In its narrowest sense, the Torah comprises the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, collectively called the Tanakh—an acronym derived from the Hebrew terms for "Law/Teaching" (Torah), "Prophets" (Nevi’im), and "Writings" (Ketuvim). Beyond this Written Torah, there exists an Oral Torah, which includes the Mishnah, Talmud, and Midrash, offering interpretations and expansions of the written texts. The Written Torah it...

1877MorrisH

An excerpt from the article by Morris H. Dislocations of the Thigh: their mode of occurrence as indicated by experiments, and the Anatomy of the Hip-joint (1877, pp. 161-170). The author noted that the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is stretched during flexion, adduction, and external rotation. It was found that the LCF is always damaged in hip dislocations, is more often torn from the femur, and is rarely ruptured. Discussion of article see article 1877BrookeC . DISLOCATIONS OF THE THIGH: THEIR MODE OF OCCURRENCE AS INDICATED BY EXPERIMENTS AND THE ANATOMY OF THE HIP-JOINT. BY HENRY MORRIS, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S., ASSISTANT SURGEON TO, AND LECTURER ON ANATOY1 AT, THE MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL. Received January 9th-Read February 13th, 1877. RECENTLY, whilst making various dissections of the hip-joint, the usually accepted doctrine that dorsal and ischiatic dislocations of the femur occur when the thigh is in a position of adduction appeared to me as very improbable, on anatomi...

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