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Homo neanderthalensis

 

HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

Homo neanderthalensis flourished 500-30 thousand years ago in Europe and Asia. It is assumed that its ancestor could have been Homo ergaster or Homo heidelbergensis (2005KleinR).

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis «Mr. N» Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, fragment of the original photograph; source in the wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes).

Neanderthal, late type, the old man from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author.


A reconstruction of the pelvis of the Neanderthal "Kebara 2" (Israel), whose remains are dated to 64-59 Kya (2021AdegboyegaMT_WeaverTD), is known. The well-preserved right pelvic bone (Fig. 1) has a large acetabulum with fossa and acetabular notch, indicating the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Neanderthal pelvis, right acetabulum view from the lateral side (3-D model); original image on sketchfab.com.


The configuration of the acetabulum of Homo neanderthalensis leaves no doubt about the presence of LCF in this species. Additional evidence is the fossa of the femoral head. We were unable to personally examine the femoral head of Homo neanderthalensis with a fovea for LCF. The presence of the said structure in Homo neanderthalensis is confirmed in the dissertation of K.H. Tamvada (2015), which examines in detail the biomechanics of the femur of this species. In particular, the author, modeling the proximal femur and its movements, identifies the fovea capitis node «to imitate the ligamentum teres».

References

Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]

Adegboyega MT, Stamos PA, Hublin JJ, Weaver TD. Virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis. Journal of Human Evolution. 2021;151:102922. [academia.edu]

Tamvada KH. The biomechanical and behavioral significance of the Neanderthal femur. Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024). 1522. University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015. [scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu]


Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo neanderthalensis


                                                                     

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo neanderthalensis

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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