Homo neanderthalensis

HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

Homo neanderthalensis flourished 500-30 thousand years ago in Europe and Asia. It is assumed that its ancestor could have been Homo ergaster or Homo heidelbergensis (2005KleinR).

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis «Mr. N» Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, fragment of the original photograph; source in the wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes).

Neanderthal, late type, the old man from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author.

A reconstruction of the pelvis of the Neanderthal "Kebara 2" (Israel), whose remains are dated to 64-59 Kya (2021AdegboyegaMT_WeaverTD), is known. The well-preserved right pelvic bone (Fig. 1) has a large acetabulum with fossa and acetabular notch, indicating the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Neanderthal pelvis, right acetabulum view from the lateral side (3-D model); original image on sketchfab.com.

The configuration of the acetabulum of Homo neanderthalensis leaves no doubt about the presence of LCF in this species. Additional evidence is the fossa of the femoral head. We were unable to personally examine the femoral head of Homo neanderthalensis with a fovea for LCF. The presence of the said structure in Homo neanderthalensis is confirmed in the dissertation of K.H. Tamvada (2015), which examines in detail the biomechanics of the femur of this species. In particular, the author, modeling the proximal femur and its movements, identifies the fovea capitis node «to imitate the ligamentum teres».

References

Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]

Adegboyega MT, Stamos PA, Hublin JJ, Weaver TD. Virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis. Journal of Human Evolution. 2021;151:102922. [academia.edu]

Tamvada KH. The biomechanical and behavioral significance of the Neanderthal femur. Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024). 1522. University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015. [scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo neanderthalensis

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo neanderthalensis

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

999–10 Kya

Comments

LCF in 2025 (September)

LCF in 2025 ( September ) (Quotes from articles and books published in September 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Zhang, Z., Dong, Q., Wang, T., You, H., & Wang, X. (2025). Redescription of the osteology and systematic of Panguraptor lufengensis (Neo-theropoda: Coelophysoidea). 01 September 2025. PREPRINT (Version 1) [i] researchsquare.com Tripathy, S. K., Khan, S., & Bhagat, A. (2025). Surgical Anatomy of the Femoral Head. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 1-13). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [ii] link.springer.com Yoon, B. H., Kim, H. S., Lim, Y. W., & Lim, S. J. (2025). Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Hip & pelvis , 37 (3), 171-177. [iii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Bharath, C. M., Aswath, C. A., Ayyadurai, P., Srinivasan, P....

Main Scheme

Interaction of ligaments of the hip joint and muscles during single-leg support BLOG CONTENT IMAGES AND VIDEOS

0cent.4Q158.1-2

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragments 1-2 of Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158.1-2, which previously contained part of Genesis 32 with a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). We have translated the reconstructed text of M.M. Zahn (2009). The English translation is available at: 0 cent .4 Q 158.1-2 . [ii] Original text Photocopy Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158, fragments 1-2 (Plate 138, Frag. 4 B-358482), material – parchment, text – Hebrew, period – Herodian. A screenshot of the original from The Leon Levy dead sea scrolls Digital Library collection, © 2025 Israel Antiquities Authority deadseascrolls.org.il (Fair use for criticism, study and comparison; sharpening, color correction, and captions done by us.). Transcription Dead Sea Scroll 4Q158, fragments 1-2, lines 11...

Grok. Review of the Article by S.V. Arkhipov "Why Restoration of the Acetabular Labrum May Be Ineffective?".

At our request, Grok, artificial intelligence developed by xAI, wrote a review of the article by Arkhipov SV. Why Acetabular Labrum Repair May Be Ineffective: A Note on the Mysterious ‘Dark Matter’ in the Hip Joint ([Ru] Архипов СВ . Почему восстановление вертлужной губы может быть неэффективно?: Заметка о таинственной «темной материи» в тазобедренном суставе. 06.04.2025 ). In accordance with the comments, the article was revised and sent for re-review to the ChatGPT language model prepared to assist in the analysis and editing of texts (OpenAI, 2025). Below is the original text of the review by Grok: Review of the Article by S.V. Arkhipov "Why Restoration of the Acetabular Labrum May Be Ineffective?: A Note on the Mysterious 'Dark Matter' of the Hip Joint". This review focuses on the analysis of argumentation, as requested. The author asserts that restoration of the acetabular labrum fails to prevent hip joint instability and osteoarthritis when the ligame...

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LCF in 2025 ( August ) (Quotes from articles and books published in August 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Castro, A., de Melo, C., & Leal, F. (2025). Complications in hip Arthroscopy: Recognizing and managing adverse events. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma , 103144. [i] journal-cot.com Negayama, T., Nishimura, H., Murata, Y., Nakayama, K., Takada, S., Nakashima, H., ... & Uchida, S. (2025). Factors associated with treatment failure after hip arthroscopic surgery for the patient with femoroacetabular impingement secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Journal of ISAKOS , 100937. [ii] jisakos.com Wegman, S. J., Shaikh, H., Brodell Jr, J. D., Cook, P. C., & Giordano, B. D. (2025). Femoral head osteochondral allograft transplantation with and without simultaneous periacetabular osteotomy: a case series. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf037. [iii] ...

2008HeinerG

Invention (Patent Application Publication): Heiner G. Implant as an intermediate layer between articulating joint surfaces. DE102007018341A1 (2008). [ translated from German ] DE102007018341A1 Germany Inventor: Heiner Genrich Current Assignee: Individual Worldwide applications 2007 DE Application DE102007018341A events: 2007-04-13 Application filed by Individual 2007-04-13 Priority to DE102007018341A 2008-10-16 Publication of DE102007018341A1 Status: Ceased Implant as an intermediate layer between articulating joint surfaces Heiner Genrich Abstract A surgical implant is an interface between two articulated surfaces together forming a ball and socket joint. The articulation surface (1) and the facing bone surface (2) whose edge (13) is thinner than the centre section (15). The surface (2) matches that of the damaged bone surface. Description The The invention relates to an implant as intermediate between articulating articular surfaces, wherein the intermed...

1541MondinoL_DryanderJ

Fragment from the book Mondino de Luzzi, Dryander J. Anatomia Mundini (1541). An early description of the anatomy and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is presented. The pathogenesis of lameness and soft tissue atrophy in LCF pathology is discussed. For more details, see the commentary in 1541MondinoL_DryanderJ [Rus] . Quote p. 62. [Lat] De anatomia cruris [&] pedis. Postea eleua musculos & chordas &, uide ossa. Et primura est os foemoris supra quod fabricatae sunt spondiles dorsi: & per consequens totum corpus in parte inferiori habet pixidem quondam, in cuius concauitate locata est extremitas rotunda canna coxae, que uocatur uertebrum. Et in medio amborum in parte anteriori est quod dam ligamentum, quod aliomodo porestuocari uertebrum: & quando hoc uel primum resilit foras: tunc niecesse ed hominem claudicare, quia crus hic elongatur & firmari non potest; & totum non bene potest supportari: & necesse eit etiam ut crus tab...

1993ArkhipovSV

The publication describes the design of a total hip joint endoprosthesis, which became a prototype of an artificial hip joint with analogous to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Complete hip joint prosthesis designed by S.V. Arkhipova (Полный протез тазобедренного сустава конструкции С.В. Архипова ) Patent RU2089135 Inventor Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Сергей Васильевич Архипов 1993-12-30 Application filed by Сергей Васильевич Архипов 1993-12-30 Priority to RU93057862A 1996-07-27 Publication of RU93057862A 1997-09-10 Application granted 1997-09-10 Publication of RU2089135C1 Abstract FIELD: medicine; prosthetics. SUBSTANCE: proposed complete prosthesis for hip joint comprises femoral component and acetabular components, both components being interconnected by pivot. Outer surface of acetabular component is provided with threads and grooves. Shank is made in form of collet chuck, tabs of whi...

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The journal is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and related topics About the Journal »»» . The online journal « About Round Ligament of Femur » was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project: ONLINE JOURNAL: Ligamentum capitis femoris . Updates: As new materials are prepared. Mission : Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal: Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher: Arkhipov S.V., independent researc...

17c.FranckenFII

Frans Francken II , painting Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (16 – 17th cent.). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Frans Francken II – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (16 – 17t...

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