HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS
Homo
neanderthalensis flourished 500-30 thousand years ago in Europe and Asia. It is
assumed that its ancestor could have been Homo ergaster or Homo heidelbergensis
(2005KleinR).
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| Homo sapiens neanderthalensis «Mr. N» Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, fragment of the original photograph; source in the wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes). |
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| Neanderthal, late type, the old man from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. |
A
reconstruction of the pelvis of the Neanderthal "Kebara 2" (Israel),
whose remains are dated to 64-59 Kya (2021AdegboyegaMT_WeaverTD), is known. The
well-preserved right pelvic bone (Fig. 1) has a large acetabulum with fossa and
acetabular notch, indicating the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).
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| Neanderthal pelvis, right acetabulum view from the lateral side (3-D model); original image on sketchfab.com. |
The
configuration of the acetabulum of Homo neanderthalensis leaves no doubt about
the presence of LCF in this species. Additional evidence is the fossa of the
femoral head. We were unable to personally examine the femoral head of Homo
neanderthalensis with a fovea for LCF. The presence of the said structure in
Homo neanderthalensis is confirmed in the dissertation of K.H. Tamvada (2015),
which examines in detail the biomechanics of the femur of this species. In
particular, the author, modeling the proximal femur and its movements,
identifies the fovea capitis node «to imitate the ligamentum teres».
References
Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]
Adegboyega MT, Stamos PA, Hublin JJ, Weaver TD. Virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis. Journal of Human Evolution. 2021;151:102922. [academia.edu]
Tamvada KH. The biomechanical and behavioral significance of the Neanderthal femur. Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024). 1522. University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015. [scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu]
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo neanderthalensis
The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo neanderthalensis
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