Homo neanderthalensis

HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

Homo neanderthalensis flourished 500-30 thousand years ago in Europe and Asia. It is assumed that its ancestor could have been Homo ergaster or Homo heidelbergensis (2005KleinR).

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis «Mr. N» Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, fragment of the original photograph; source in the wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes).

Neanderthal, late type, the old man from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author.

A reconstruction of the pelvis of the Neanderthal "Kebara 2" (Israel), whose remains are dated to 64-59 Kya (2021AdegboyegaMT_WeaverTD), is known. The well-preserved right pelvic bone (Fig. 1) has a large acetabulum with fossa and acetabular notch, indicating the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Neanderthal pelvis, right acetabulum view from the lateral side (3-D model); original image on sketchfab.com.

The configuration of the acetabulum of Homo neanderthalensis leaves no doubt about the presence of LCF in this species. Additional evidence is the fossa of the femoral head. We were unable to personally examine the femoral head of Homo neanderthalensis with a fovea for LCF. The presence of the said structure in Homo neanderthalensis is confirmed in the dissertation of K.H. Tamvada (2015), which examines in detail the biomechanics of the femur of this species. In particular, the author, modeling the proximal femur and its movements, identifies the fovea capitis node «to imitate the ligamentum teres».

References

Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]

Adegboyega MT, Stamos PA, Hublin JJ, Weaver TD. Virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis. Journal of Human Evolution. 2021;151:102922. [academia.edu]

Tamvada KH. The biomechanical and behavioral significance of the Neanderthal femur. Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024). 1522. University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015. [scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo neanderthalensis

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo neanderthalensis

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

999–10 Kya

Comments

BLOG CONTENT

T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health, to create new implants and techniques of treating degenerative pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service . We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections! TABLES OF CONTENTS Acetabular Canal (Anatomy, topography and significance of the functioning area of the ligamentum capitis femoris) Acetabular Canal. Part 1. This article describes the space where the ligam...

1827KühnCG

Fragment from the book Kühn CG. Clavdii Galeni Opera omnia (1827). Pseudo-Galen notes the connecting function of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites. See our commentary at the link: 1827KühnCG [Rus]. Quote [Grc] Εἰσαγωγὴ ἢ Ἰτρός . K εφ . ιβ . [ Περί όστεολογἰας .] μηρου δέ έν μεν οστούν . συμβάλλει δε επικεκαμμένη μετρίως τη κεφαλή αυτού εις βαθείαν κοτύλην του ισχίου και νεύρῳ απήρτηται εκφυομένω εκ μέσης της κοτύλης και εμφυομένω εις μέσην την κεφαλήν του μηρού . (original source: 1827KühnCG, pp. 723-724) [Lat Introductio, seu Medicus. Cap. XII. [De osteologia] Femoris os unum est, cujus caput leniter reflexum in coxae profundum sinum conjicitur. Quam commissuram nervus, qui e medio sinu prodit et in medium femoris caput inseritur, continet. (original source: 1827KühnCG, pp. 723-724) Translation [Eng] Introduction, or the Physician. Chapter 12. [On osteology] The hip has ...

The Solar System

The Solar System As a result of a mysterious catastrophic event about 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe was formed (2012HawkingS; 2020AghanimN_RoudierG). In it, giant cloud-like accumulations of plasma, molecules and dust became the points of star formation (2011MurrayN). A series of their generations, igniting, functioning and collapsing, led to the appearance of various chemical elements through staged reactions of nuclear fusion (1998IshkhanovBS_TutynIA). The Sun was born for at least ten million years by compressing a concentration of molecular gas and parts of the most ancient stars (2010HanslmeierA). As a result, 4.5682-4.567 billion years ago, the Solar System self-organized, at the dawn of its life consisting of a central luminary and a protoplanetary gas and dust disk (2013HazenRM). At least the oldest meteorite inclusions were fused 4.568-4.565 billion years ago, and at most three million years later, accretion of chondrite globules occurred (1995AllègreCJ_GöpelC). T...

2003IvanovYV

Ivanov YV, panel, wood carving – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (2003). Variant of depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Ivanov Yuri Vitalievich – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (2003); im...

1666VeslingJ

Fragments from the book Vesling J. Syntagma anatomicum (1666). The author describes the attachment, properties and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The text uses several synonyms: ligamentum teres, rotundo, tereti. Quote p. 269 [Lat] Superior appendix cum adjuncto processu, amplum, globosum que femoris caput constituit, valida cervice subnixum, quod intra cavitatem ossis Ischii, Ilium, & Pubis concursu productam, (Acetabulum alias, Pyxidemque nominant) reconditur. Detinetur in hoc sinu robustis LIGAMENTIS: lato uno, & membranoso, quod articulum totum circumdat, tum rotundo altero, & tereti, quod ab ipsa cavitate productum, statim in caput susceptum demittitur. Quote p. 276 [Lat] Fig. VII … b. Ligamentum teres, ex Acetabulo natum. Translation [Eng] Quote p. 269 . The superior appendage, together with the accessory process, forms the large, spherical head of the femur, supported by a strong neck, which is placed in a cavity formed by the ischium, ilium, and...

1614PlatterF

Fragment from the book Platter F. Observationum (1614). The author notes the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in fixing the femur in the acetabulum and the possibility of its lengthening (synovitis) . Quote pp. 141-142 [Lat] Cruris dextri astrictio & contractio, post coxendicum dolorem. Cùm enim ligamentum illud articulum circumd ás, omnium totius corporis ligamentorum, quae articulos ambiunt, sit amplissimum; fieri potest, ut adeò cedat, ut (sicuti saepe sit) femoris caput, è suo sinu devoluatur, & in membranae illius (quae cùm erassissima sit, prae omnibus totius corporis ligamentis, nunquam vi qualicunque disrumpi potest) amplitudine seu capacitate subsistat, elongato simul & vehementer attracto, tereti illo & crasso, quod caput aliàs in suo sinu retinere solet, ligamento. Quod & ob tensionem illam nimiam, astrictum & induratum, chordae alicuius crasssissimae & firmisimae instar, quae nunquam disrumpi, nunquam ab acetabulo, cuius cartilag...

Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», July 2025

The journal is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and related topics About the Journal »»» . The online journal « About Round Ligament of Femur » was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project: ONLINE JOURNAL: Ligamentum capitis femoris . Updates: As new materials are prepared. Mission : Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal: Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher: Arkhipov S.V., independent researc...

344-411Rufinus Aquileiensis

A fragment of the manuscript of the translation of Josephus Flavius' Antiquities of the Jews ( Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία / De antiquitate iudaica) into Latin by Rufinus Aquileiensis. The translator worked approximately between 344 and 411 in the Roman Empire. His work was rewritten between 1150 and 1199 in Northern France. In Josephus's translation of Antiquities of the Jews, ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is referred to as «neruum». The selected fragment deals with the LCF of an animal and discusses a biblical episode of its damage in a human. See our commentary at the link: 344-411Rufinus Aquileiensis [Rus]. T he original text: 93-94JosephusF . Quote [ Lat] De antiquitate iudaica. Liber primus (original source: 1150JosephusF, p. 22, fragment) Translation [Eng] Antiquities of the Jews. Book 1. 20.2 When Jacob had made these appointments all the day, and night came on, he moved on with his company; and, as they were gone over a certain river called Jabboc, Jacob was left behi...

1794LoderJC

Drawings and descriptions from book Loder JC. Tabulae anatomicae (1794). Image of the hip joint, ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and peripheral part of the acetabular canal ( hiatus acetabuli , see Fig. 2.10) . External links Loder JC. Tabulae anatomicae quas ad illustrandam humani corporis fabricam colle git et curavit. Vinariae, 1794. [ wellcomecollection.org ] Authors & Affiliations Justus Ferdinand Christian Loder (1753-1832) was a German anatomist and surgeon, professor of surgery and anatomy at the University of Jena. [ wikipedia.org ] Justus Christian Loder (1801?) Engraving by F. Müller after a painting by Fr. A. Tischbein; original in the wikimedia.org collection (CC0 – Public Domain, no changes) Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, image ...

150-250Targum Jonathan

Fragments from the Targum Jonathan on Genesis. Tractate was written between about 150 - 250 in lend of Israel. The text is a combination of a translation and commentary on the book of Bereshit. The unknown compiler mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. See our commentary at the link: 150-250Targum Jonathan [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Genesis. 32:33 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Genesis. 43:16 (original source: sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Genesis. 32:33 Therefore, the sons of Israel eat not the sinew which shrank, which is in the hollow of the thigh of cattle and of wild animals, until this day; because the Angel touched and laid hold of the hollow of the right thigh of Jakob, in the place of the sinew which shrank. (Transl. by J.W. Etheridge (186 2 ) ; original source: targum.info ) Quote 2. [Eng] Genesis. 43:16 And Joseph saw Benjamin with them: and he said to Menasheh whom he had mad...

Search This Blog