Homo neanderthalensis

HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS

Homo neanderthalensis flourished 500-30 thousand years ago in Europe and Asia. It is assumed that its ancestor could have been Homo ergaster or Homo heidelbergensis (2005KleinR).

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis «Mr. N» Neanderthal Museum in Mettmann, fragment of the original photograph; source in the wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes).

Neanderthal, late type, the old man from La Chapelle-aux-Saints, reconstruction by M.M. Gerasimov; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author.

A reconstruction of the pelvis of the Neanderthal "Kebara 2" (Israel), whose remains are dated to 64-59 Kya (2021AdegboyegaMT_WeaverTD), is known. The well-preserved right pelvic bone (Fig. 1) has a large acetabulum with fossa and acetabular notch, indicating the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Neanderthal pelvis, right acetabulum view from the lateral side (3-D model); original image on sketchfab.com.

The configuration of the acetabulum of Homo neanderthalensis leaves no doubt about the presence of LCF in this species. Additional evidence is the fossa of the femoral head. We were unable to personally examine the femoral head of Homo neanderthalensis with a fovea for LCF. The presence of the said structure in Homo neanderthalensis is confirmed in the dissertation of K.H. Tamvada (2015), which examines in detail the biomechanics of the femur of this species. In particular, the author, modeling the proximal femur and its movements, identifies the fovea capitis node «to imitate the ligamentum teres».

References

Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]

Adegboyega MT, Stamos PA, Hublin JJ, Weaver TD. Virtual reconstruction of the Kebara 2 Neanderthal pelvis. Journal of Human Evolution. 2021;151:102922. [academia.edu]

Tamvada KH. The biomechanical and behavioral significance of the Neanderthal femur. Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024). 1522. University at Albany, State University of New York, 2015. [scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo neanderthalensis

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo neanderthalensis

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

999–10 Kya

Comments

1914JonesFW_MorrisH

We are publishing a chapter from the fifth edition of «Morris's Human Anatomy» (1914). A significant portion of it is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The original text has been edited by Wood Jones. Particularly notable are the illustrations depicting the LCF. Some of them are improved drawings by the first author ( 1879MorrisH ). Quote pp. 276-284 1. THE HIP-JOINT Class. — Diarthrosis. Subdivision. — Enarthrodia. The hip is the most typical example of a ball-and-socket joint in the body, the round head of the femur being received into the cup-shaped cavity of the acetabulum. Both articular surfaces are coated with cartilage, that covering the head of the femur being thicker above where it has to bear the weight of the body, and thinning out to a mere edge below; the pit for the ligamentum teres is the only part uncoated, but the cartilage is somewhat heaped up around its margin. Covering the acetabulum, the cartilage is horseshoe-shaped, a...

LCF in 2025 (September)

LCF in 2025 ( September ) (Quotes from articles and books published in September 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Zhang, Z., Dong, Q., Wang, T., You, H., & Wang, X. (2025). Redescription of the osteology and systematic of Panguraptor lufengensis (Neo-theropoda: Coelophysoidea). 01 September 2025. PREPRINT (Version 1) [i] researchsquare.com Tripathy, S. K., Khan, S., & Bhagat, A. (2025). Surgical Anatomy of the Femoral Head. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 1-13). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [ii] link.springer.com Yoon, B. H., Kim, H. S., Lim, Y. W., & Lim, S. J. (2025). Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Hip & pelvis , 37 (3), 171-177. [iii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Bharath, C. M., Aswath, C. A., Ayyadurai, P., Srinivasan, P....

BLOG RULES

1. There are no restrictions on familiarity with the materials. 2. Comments and discussions are welcome. 3. Statements must be respectful. 4. Negative opinions must be expressed correctly. 5. Profanity, insults, humiliation, propaganda, dissemination of misinformation, discrimination based on gender, age, nationality, place of residence, profession, education, and religious beliefs are prohibited. 6. Please support your statements with facts and references to sources, personal experience, observations or experimental material. 7. Please avoid using pseudonyms. 8. Advertising, arguments without purpose, meaningless messages are not allowed. 9. Compliance with national legislation, the rules of the Blogger web service and the Google platform is mandatory. NB! The author is unable to answer all questions asked. With sincere respect to you, Sergey Arkhipov . ...

1969DeeR

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Article : Dee R. Structure and function of hip joint innervation (1969). The author discusses the nervous system of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its role in hip biomechanics. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1969DeeR . [ii] Original text STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HIP JOINT INNERVATION Arnott Demonstration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 4th February 1969 by Roger Dee , M.A., F.R.C.S. Neurologcal Laboratory, Royal College of Surgeons of England, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlesex Hospital, London In 1885 JAMES ARNOTT, surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital and one of the founders of its Medical School, endowed a series of lectures to be given at the Royal College of Surge...

1893DenisM

Denis M., Jacob wrestling with the angel (1893). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Maurice Denis – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (ca. 1893); original in the wikimedia.org...

Tweet of Jul 17, 2024

Jul 17, 2024 Discovering the autorotation effect in the hip joint: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/07/blog-post_14.html explaining it: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/07/blog-post_15.html and demonstrating how it helps move people and animals forward: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/07/blog-post_70.html #hip #biomechanics #ligamentum_teres BLOG CONTENT TWITTER OR X

NEWS

New publications of our resource October 2, 2025 1260Trebizond . Fresco. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 18c.Augsburg. Painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1923KubinA. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 17c.Carmen_de_Puebla. Fresco. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1550CampañaP. Painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1802PalmeraniÁ . Painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 17c.Anonymous. Painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. October 1, 2025 LCF in 2025 (September) Q uotes from articles and b ooks published in September 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris. September 30, 2025 Online Journal « ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT O...

1858GrayH

Fragments from the book Gray H. Anatomy, descriptive and surgical (1858, first edition ). The selected passages of the "classical" anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and original illustrations of Henry Carter. Quote p. 8 1 The cotyloid cavity or acetabulum, is a deep cup-shaped hemispherical depression; formed internally by the pubes, above by the ilium, behind and below by the ischium, a little less than two-fifths being formed by the ilium, a little more than two-fifths by the ischium, and the remaining fifth by the pubes. It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, which is thick and strong above, and serves for the attachment of a fibro-cartilaginous structure, which contracts its orifice and deepens the surface for articulation. It presents on its inner side a deep notch, the cotyloid notch, which transmits the nutrient vessels into the interior of the joint, and is continuous with a deep circular depression at the bottom of the cavity: this depression...

IRON AGE

IRON AGE: Approximately the first millennium BC (10th-1st century BCE) Catalog of archived "publications" of the specified period 1st century BCE 25bc-50Celsus The author recommends specific treatment for the traumatic pathology of LCF. 80-58bcApollonius Citiensis The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 2nd century BCE 130bcHegetor The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 3rd century BCE 3-1cent.bcSeptuaginta The text in ancient Greek contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human. 300-100bcHeracleides Tarentinus The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 4th century BCE 5th century BCE 445b с Ezra An extreme Hebr...

Pathology of the Nervous and Vascular System LCF

Version : 20240419 Pathology of the Vascular System OF LCF 1. Arterial thrombosis 2. Phlebothrombosis 3. Embolism 4. Damage to the walls 5. Occlusion 6. Varicose veins 7. Valve dysfunction 8. Atherosclerosis 9. Obliteration 10. Phlebitis 11. Arterial hyperemia 12. Venous hyperemia 13. Devascularization 14. Disappearance of large vessels 15. Decrease in capillary density Pathology of the Nervous System OF LCF 1. Reducing the number of receptors 2. Disappearance of receptors 3. Selective denervation 4. Total denervation 5. Damage to the corresponding spinal cord nuclei Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur , round ligament, ligamentum teres, classification, pathology, vessels, nerves ...

Search This Blog