Skip to main content

1672GengaB

 

The author reports for the first time a case of absence of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in both hip joints. In the book in Italian, this structure is named "Legamento rotondo". It is noteworthy that according to Bernardino Genga: "…this ligament is the strongest, supporting not only the femur but the entire body."

The preliminary translation was done in collaboration with ChatGPT 3.5.  


Genga B. Anatomia chirurgica cioe Istoria anatomica dell'ossa, e muscoli del corpo humano, con la descrittione de vasi piu riguardeuoli che scorrono per le parti esterne, & un breue trattato del moto, che chiamano circolatione del sangue di Bernardino Genga da Mondolfo. Roma: per Nicolò Angelo Tinassi, 1672.

Quote pp. 143-144

Offo Ifchio. Legamento rotondo dell’ Ischio, e Femore mancato.

Il terzo finalmente è l' Offo Ifchio, da' Latini of chiamato Os Coxendicis, da Celso Coxa, nel quale Ischio offi offerva quell' acetabolo maggiore d' ogni altro, dove fi riceve il Capo del Femore, il qual' Acetabolo negl' Infanti fi riconosce manifeftamente non effer folo dell' Offo Ifchio, ma formato da tutte tre le fuddette Offa. Intorno a quefto acetabolo vi è un Sopracciglio, o Lembo cartilaginoso, che rende la cavità più profonda, la quale internamente è incroftata di Cartilagine, e nel fondo ha un feno, dal quale nafce un legamento rotondo, che ferve ad alligare il Capo del Femore, e rendere più ftabile l'articolazione, la quale fi fa per Enarthrofin: oltre al detto legamento v' è un' altro legamento membranofo affai groffo, e robufto, il quale abbraccia tanto la parte fuperiore del Femore, quanto l'eftremità dell' acetabolo fuddetto.

 

Ischium. Collapsed round ligament of the ischium and femur.

Finally, the third is the ischium, which the Latins called Os Coxendicis, and Celsus – Coxa, in which the ischium has a large acetabulum, larger than any other [socket], where the head of the femur is located, the acetabulum in infants, apparently, it is not only formed by the ischium, but is formed by all three of these bones. Around this acetabulum there is a brow or cartilaginous growth that makes the socket deeper, which is covered inside with cartilage, and at the bottom there is a depression from which comes the round ligament, which serves to attach the head of the femur and makes the joint more stable, which is enarthrosis; in addition to the aforementioned ligament, there is another membranous ligament, quite thick and strong, which embraces both the upper part of the femur and the edges of the acetabulum.

Quote pp. 144-145

L'Autore ristrovo, mancare il Legamento rotondo.

Nell' Anno 1662. facendo io pubblicamente la diffecazione de' Mufcoli del Femore, tagliai quefto legamento membranofo, per dimoftrare tal' care Articolazione, e m'occorfe (cafo veramente maraviglioso, nè mai, ch' io fappia, rincontrato da altri) che mancava il fuddetto Legamento rotondo, fenza che tanto nella cavità fuddetta, quanto nel capo del Femore vi foffero quei feni, che naturalmente in tutti fi offervano, ne' quali ftà aderente il detto Legamento. Furono alcuni, che fubito difsero, poter' essere ftata quefta mancanza caufata da lufsazione, che antecedentemente poteva aver patita il Paziente, per la quale efsendofi rotto il detto Legamento, a poco a poco dovevafi efser confumato. Non diedi rifpofta alcuna, come poteva, con dire, che la lufsazione perfetta del Femore, maffime con difcoprimento di tal Legamento, farebbe ftata affolutamente incurabile, quando quefti beniffimo camminava: ed in che modo potevano mancare i Seni? ma, essendo l'altra parte del Cadavere infepolta, alla prefenza delli medefimi Aftanti tagliai l'altro Femore, e ritrovai il medefimo. Lettore, fo, che ti fembrarà ftrano il preftar fede a queft' Iftoria, tanto più, fe bene confideri, che quefto legamento è il più robufto, che non folo foftenga il Femore, ma con efso tutto il Corpo e confidera però, che io dico, efsermi accaduto in pubblico, e molti vi fono, che se ne ricordano. E' ben vero, che l'altro Legamento era afsai duro, grosso, e robufto, che poteva fupplire alla mancanza del rotondo.

The author discovered the absence of the round ligament.

In 1662, when I publicly dissected the muscles of the thigh, I cut this membranous ligament to exhibit this joint, and it happened to me (a truly astonishing case, which has never, so far as I know, occurred in others) that there was no round ligament, although in the said cavity and in the head of the femur there were those sinuses which are naturally present in all, and to which this ligament is attached. Some immediately suggested that this absence could have been caused by a dislocation that the patient may have experienced earlier, causing the ligament to gradually dissolve after tearing. I didn't give any response, as I could, saying that a complete dislocation of the femur, especially with the discovery of such a ligament, would have been absolutely incurable when the patient was moving so well; and how could the sinuses disappear? But, since the other part of the body was untouched, in the presence of the same witnesses, I cut the other thigh and found the same thing. Reader, I understand that it may seem strange to you to believe this story, especially if you consider that this ligament is the strongest, supporting not only the femur but the entire body, but consider that I say it happened publicly, and many remember it. Indeed, the other ligament was strong, thick, and robust enough to compensate for the absence of the round one.





External links

Genga B. Anatomia chirurgica cioe Istoria anatomica dell'ossa, e muscoli del corpo humano, con la descrittione de vasi piu riguardeuoli che scorrono per le parti esterne, & un breue trattato del moto, che chiamano circolatione del sangue di Bernardino Genga da Mondolfo. Roma: per Nicolò Angelo Tinassi, 1672. [archive.org]

Genga B. In Hippocratis Aphorismos ad chirurgiam spectantes. Commentaria eminentissimo, ac reuerendissimo principi Francisco Mariae cardinali Medices dicata a Bernardino Genga de Mondulpho status Urbini ... Latino, ac Italico idiomate ad communiorem intelligentiam exarata. Romae: typis Reu. Cam. Apost. 1694. [archive.org]

Authors & Affiliations 

Bernardino Genga (1620-1690) was a scholar of Classical medical texts, anatomist and surgeon in Rome. [wikipedia.org]

Bernardino Genga
Engraving by Carlo J. Allet based on a drawing by Guil. Sarrabat;
 original in the 1694GengaB (CC0 – Public Domain, no change)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, role, synonyms, absence, observation, strength

                                                                    .

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7


BLOG CONTENT

EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

THE DOCTRINE OF LCF

  THE DOCTRINE OF  ligamentum capitis femoris:   An Instrument of Knowledge and Innovation. Definition: A set of theoretical provisions on all aspects of knowledge about the anatomical element ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). 1. Structure of the Doctrine of LCF 2.  Practical Application of the Doctrine of LCF : 2.1. Diagnostics 2.1. Prevention   2.3. Prognosis 2.4. Pathology 2.5. Veterinary   2.6. Professions     2.7. Products     2.8. Surgery   3. Theory of LCF Mechanics    4. The Base of the Doctrine of LCF 5. Stairway to the Past or History of the Doctrine of LCF 6. Ultimate Depth of Researches   7. Appendices 7.1. Acceptable Synonyms      Structure of the Doctrine of  ligamentum  capitis  femoris .       E     a     R                   T                   ...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

  Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?  A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN     CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Introduction [iii]   Egyptian physician [iv]   Asian diviner [v]   Conclusion [vi]   References [vii]   Application [i]   Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii]   Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

Tweet of February 17, 2026

  The study has revealed extensive literary parallels, cosmogonic similarities, and significant lexical and cultural borrowings in the Genesis from Mesopotamia and, most notably, from Egypt. See: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2026/02/blog-post.html [Ru] Tweet of February 17, 2026 #Bible # Genesis #ligamentum_teres   BLOG CONTENT TWITTER OR X                                                                            

LCF in 2025 (May)

  LCF in 2025 (May): Quotes from articles and books published in May 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris. Teytelbaum, D. E., Bijanki, V., Samuel, S. P., Silva, S., Israel, H., & van Bosse, H. J. Does Open Reduction of Arthrogrypotic Hips Cause Stiffness?. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 10-1097. DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000002940  [i]   journals.lww.com   SANTORI, N., & TECCE, S. M. (2025). FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ARTHROSCOPY FOR HIP TRAUMA. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 136-143.  [ii]   books.google   RANDELLI, F. (2025). ARTHROSCOPIC FREE-BODY REMOVAL AFTER DISLOCATION OR AFTER BULLET/BOMB. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 1-11.  [iii]   books.google   APRATO, A. (2025). ARTHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR FEMORAL HEAD FRACTURE REDUCTION AND FIXATION. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 38.  [iv]   books.google   Brinkman, J. C., & Hartigan, D. E. (2025). Indications f...

LCF in 2026 (January)

  L CF in 2026 ( January )   (Quotes from articles and books published in  January  2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Villegas Meza, A. D., Nocek, M., Felan, N. A., Speshock, A., Bolia, I. K., & Philippon, M. J. (2025). Hip Microinstability: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Outcomes A Narrative Review. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine , 205-221.   [i]   tandfonline.com   ,   dovepress.com   Wang, C. H., Wang, J. H., Lin, Y. H., Shih, C. A., & Hong, C. K. (2026). An Unusual Mechanical Cause of Hip Subluxation Following Modified Dunn Procedure for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Case Report. Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders , 10-4103.   [ii]     journals.lww.com   Alsaghaier, A. (2026). Results of spica cast in treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children between 6-18 Months. Journal of Academic Research , 30 , 28-43.   [...

LCF in 2025 (December)

  LCF in 2025 ( December)   (Quotes from articles and books published in  December  2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Sarassa, C., Aristizabal, S., Mejía, R., García, J. J., Quintero, D., & Herrera, A. M. (2025). Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 10-1097.   [i]      journals.lww.com   Kampouridis, P., Svorligkou, G., Spassov, N., & Böhme, M. (2025). Postcranial anatomy of the Late Miocene Eurasian hornless rhinocerotid Chilotherium. PLoS One , 20 (12), e0336590.     [ii]      journals.plos.org   Burdette, T. N., Hsiou, C. L., McDonough, S. P., Pell, S., Ayers, J., Divers, T. J., & Delvescovo, B. Sidewinder syndrome associated with complete rupture of the ligamentum capitis ossis femoris in a horse. Eq...

CRITICAL MASS OF CONSENSUS

Online version from 07/03/2025   Critical mass of consensus:  Opinions on the importance of ligamentum capitis femoris (XX-XXI century) Arkhipov S . V. Content [i]   Abstract [ii]   Opinions [iii]   Authors & Affiliations [iv]   References [v]   Appendices [i]   Abstract This evolving article collects views on the importance of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) to the musculoskeletal system. Our collection aims to highlight the emerging fundamental shift in the current consensus in the orthopaedic and musculoskeletal research communities regarding the meaning of LCF. Here the convinced convince others. Ultimately, this once-unconventional idea will become established knowledge, enabling a transformation in clinicians’ thinking and in approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hip joint pathologies. [ii]   Opinions   2025 «The LT [LCF] works as a secondary static stabilizer of the hip by acting as a sling to preven...

13c.Soligalich

   Soligalich , icon, Jacob wrestling with the angel ( 13 cent. ).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob wa s left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Soligalich  – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel ( 13 cent. ); original in the  leonovval...

Main Scheme

  Interaction of ligaments of the hip joint and muscles during single-leg support  BLOG CONTENT IMAGES AND VIDEOS

ACETABULAR CANAL

   Acetabular Canal  (Anatomy, topography and significance of the functioning area of ​​the ligamentum capitis femoris) Acetabular Canal.  Part 1.   This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions.  Acetabular Canal.  Part 2.   This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions.  Acetabular Canal.  Part 3.   This article describes the space where the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) attaches and functions.  Topography of the Acetabular Canal. Classification   Pathology of the Acetabular Canal . Classification BLOG CONTENT THE DOCTRINE OF LCF MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY                                                                           ...