1632SpiegeliusA

Fragments from the book Spigelius A. De humani corporis fabrica libri decem (1632). The author describes the attachment and properties of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The synonym of LCF «teres cartilagineum» is mentioned. It seems to us «lig. teres cartilagineum» = «l. cartilagineum» (1803SchregerCHT). The origins of the term in the works of Galen of Pergamon and Theophilus Protospatharius (2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV).

Quote 1. p. 71.

[Lat]

Liber II. Qui ossium historiam proponir.

Cap. XXIV. De osse innominato.

Est autem hic sinus cartilagine contectus vbique laeussima, praeter anteriorem partem, quae foraminibus exasperata, ob ligamentum teres, quod inde originem ducens, capiti femoris inseritur.

Quote 2. p. 95.

[Lat]

Liber III. Qui de cartilaginibus, & ligamentis agit.

Cap. IV. De ligamentis agit, quorum naturam, usum, & differentias breuiter persequitur.

Ita femoris articulus cum coxendice, praeter commune, quod latum est, at totum articulum ambit, etiam teres cartilagineum accepit;

Quote 3. p. 98.

[Lat]

Liber III. Qui de cartilaginibus, & ligamentis agit.

Cap. VII. De ligamentis cruris vniuersi.

… Ligamentum quo femur ossi coxa alligatur. Femoris ergo caput superius cum acetabulo coxendicis duobus adstringitur ligamentis. Primum, commune est & membraneum, quale in aliis quoq; articulis cernitur, latum, totam horum ossium commissuram orbiculatim ambiens, quod robore ac crassitie, vt ipse articulus aliis, ita caeteris ligamentis praecellit. Alterum, ipso acetabulo, interquel articulum occurrit, teres & cartilagineum. Hoc ex humiliore acetabuli sede enascitur, quo loco supercilium eius osseum non est, sed ligamento tantum constat, & in medium femoris caput, vbi foramen hanc in gratiam exsculptum habet, interitur.

Translation

[Eng]

Quote 1. p. 71.

Book II. Which treats of the history of the bones.

Chapter XXIV. Of the innominate bone.

This sinus is covered with cartilage, smooth everywhere, except in the anterior part, where it is pitted with holes for the round ligament, which, taking its origin from here, is attached to the head of the femur.

Quote 2. p. 95.

Book III. Which treats of the cartilages and ligaments.

Chapter IV. Of the ligaments, briefly stating their nature, use, and differences.

Thus the joint of the femur with the pelvis, besides the common [ligament], which is broad and surrounds the whole joint, also has a round cartilaginous [ligament].

Quote 3. p. 98.

Book III. Which treats of the cartilages and ligaments.

Chapter VII. Of the ligaments of the whole leg.

The ligament which connects the femur with the pelvic bone. So, the head of the femur is connected to the acetabulum from above by two ligaments. The first is the common membranous ligament, which, as in other joints, is wide and surrounds the entire connection of these bones in a circle, surpassing other ligaments in its strength and thickness, since the joint itself surpasses other joints. The second ligament is located inside the acetabulum, round and cartilaginous. It originates from the lower part of the acetabulum, where its edge is not bone, but consists only of ligament, and enters the middle of the head of the femur, where a hole is cut out for this.

External links

Spigelius A. De humani corporis fabrica libri decem; tabulis XCIIX aeri incisis elegantissimis, nec antehac visis exornati. Francofurti: Impensis & Caelo Matthaei Meriani, MDCXXXII [1632]. [archive.org , books.google]

Authors & Affiliations

Adriaan van den Spiegel (Spieghel, Адриан ван ден Спигель, Adrianus Spigelius, Adrianus Spigelius, Адриан Спигелий, 1578-1625) was a Flemish anatomist and botanist. [wikipedia.org]

Adriaan van den Spiegel
Artist: Jeremias Falckr (about 1619 - 1677),
original in the nationalgalleries.org collection
(Creative Commons CC by NC, no changes)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, attachment, properties, synonym

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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Catalog. LCF of Extinct Species

Discussion of the LCF and morphological signs of its existence in extinct species. Funston, G. F. (2024). Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlae011. [ academic.oup.com ] Hafed, A. B., Koretsky, I. A., Nance, J. R., Koper, L., & Rahmat, S. J. (2024). New Neogene fossil phocid postcranial material from the Atlantic (USA). Historical Biology, 1-20. [ tandfonline.com ] Kuznetsov, A. N., & Sennikov, A. G. (2000). On the function of a perforated acetabulum in archosaurs and birds. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL, 34(4), 439-448. [ researchgate.net ] Romer, A. S. (1922). The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 46, article 10. [ digitallibrary.amnh.org , digitallibrary.amnh.org(PDF) ] Słowiak, J., Brusatte, S. L., & Szczygielski, T. (2024). Reassessment of the enigmati...

LCF in 2025 (November)

LCF in 2025 ( November ) (Quotes from articles and books published in October 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Awad, A., Rizk, A., ElAlfy, M., Hamed, M., Abdelghany, A. M., Mosbah, E., ... & Karrouf, G. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Platelet Rich Fibrin on Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis Repair in a Rat Model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials , 113 (11), e35672. [i] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Loughzail, M. R., Aguenaou, O., Fekhaoui, M. R., Mekkaoui, J., Bassir, R. A., Boufettal, M., ... & Lamrani, M. O. (2025). Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Sch J Med Case Rep , 10 , 2483-2486. [ii] saspublishers.com , saspublishers.com Vertesich, K., Noebauer-Huhmann, I. M., Schreiner, M., Schneider, E., Willegger,...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion and Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

1996(d)ArkhipovSV

The endoprosthesis of the femoral head ( Эндопротез головки бедренной кости ) Patent Application RU96118782A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96118782/14A events 1996-09-20 Application filed by С.В. Архипов 1998-12-27 Publication of RU96118782A Claims The endoprosthesis of the femoral head, comprising a head connected to the intraosseous rod, characterized in that the head is formed as a hollow spherical segment, is provided with a through hole, and intramedullary rod has a longitudinal bore there through and the stiffeners, and connected to lateral extramedullary plate provided with through-cone holes which set screws with conical head connected to the extramedullary medial plate, and through the die opening intraosseous rod channel omitted flexible member of dynes end connected to the extramedullary lateral plate and the other with a fastening member. Description of the invention Description in Russian is...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 8

Short retelling of chapter 1 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 8. THE LAND OF NOD Cain’s family settled in the land of "Nod," where they established a "city." We propose this tribal group followed a route later known as the Great Khorasan Road, leading Cain, son of Adam, to the Kermanshah Valley in the central Zagros Mountains. There, we believe he founded the settlement of "Enoch," its remnants linked to the archaeological site of Sheikh-e Abad (34°36'42"N, 47°16'11"E). In this village, the newcomers mastered musical instruments, developed metalworking techniques, and some adopted nomadic herding, living in "tents with flocks." As a farmer, Cain likely preserved knowledge of agriculture. Favorable conditions, division of labor, and acquired skills probably fueled population growth among thes...

1190Rambam

Fragment from the book Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed (1190). The treatise is philosophical work and an explanation of the Biblical account of creation, was written in Egypt ( sefaria.org ). The author mentions a variant of the pathology ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד) in humans. See our commentary at the link: 1190Rambam [Rus]. Quote. [Heb] Part 3.48:6 «:וטעם 'גיד הנשה' כתוב» (original source: sefaria.org ). Translation Quote. [Eng] Part 3, Chapter 48.6 The reason why the sinew that shrank is prohibited is stated in the Law (Gen. xxxii.33). (trans. M. Friedländer ; original source: 1956MaimonidesM, p. 371) External links Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed. Egypt, 1190. [ sefaria.org ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. [1904] [ sacred-texts.com ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: G. Routledge & Sons...

1527BenedettiA

Fragment from the book Benedetti A. Anatomice siue historia corporis humani (1527). The author explains the origin of the rare synonym of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) – ischion. Quote. Liber V. De femine et eius prolapsu. Cap. XXXI Sinus coxae à graecis cotylae, à nostris acetabula dicuntur, quae hos sinus complent circa quae uersurae siunt, coxendices uocatur, à graecis ischia, à quib ischiadici dicti sunt, qui coxedice laborant. Nam et neruus quo coxendix acetabulo comittitur, ischion quoqʒ dicitur. Translation [Eng] Book V. On the Hip and Its Prolapse. Chapter XXXI. The pelvic sinuses are called cups (cotylae) by the Greeks, and in these sinuses, we have an inkwell (acetabula). The region around which the movements take place is called the coxendices (hip joint), by the Greeks the sciatic (ischia), from which the term ischiadici (related to the hip) comes for those suffering from hip issues. And the sinew/nerve (neruus) which connects the hip (coxendix) to the ...

1851HyrtlJ

The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. J. Hyrtl believed that it was impossible to completely dislocate the hip without tearing the LCF. Hyrtl J. Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, mit Rücksicht auf physiologische Begründung und praktische Anwendung. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1851. [fragment] Quote p. 265 In der Höhle des Gelenks liegt das runde Band des Schenkelkopfes (Lig. teres), welches an der Incisura acetabuli entspringt, und bei richtiger Neigung des Beckens, senkrecht zur Grube des Schenkelkopfes aufsteigt. Es beschränkt dieses Band die Zuziehung des Schenkels, und schreibt zugleich den durch die Incisura acetabuli eindringenden Blutgefässen den Weg vor, den sie zum Oberschenkelkopfe zu nehmen haben. Da das Band, wenn es in die Höhle des Gelenkes vorragen würde, durch Reibung viel zu leiden hätte, so...

1853PirogoffN(Pt.IV)

Drawings of sections of a frozen human body demonstrating the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). External links Pirogoff N. Anatome topographica sectionibus per corpus humanum congelatum triplici directione ductus illustrate. Pars IV. Cavum abdominis et pelvis. Petropoli: Typis Jacobi Trey, 1853. [Lat.] [ archive.org ] Authors & Affiliations Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) was a Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, professor of surgery at the Imperial Academy of Military Medicine in Saint Petersburg. wikipedia.org Portrait of Nikolay Pirogov by Ilya Repin (1881); the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, Russia (fragment) Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, image ...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 15

Short retelling of chapter 15 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 15. EXODUS FROM HARAN Jacob thrives as a shepherd in Haran, amassing wealth while his father-in-law, Laban, grows poorer. Sensing Laban’s growing resentment, Jacob foresees trouble and flees with his family, livestock, and possessions, aiming for “the land of Canaan.” His caravan crosses a river—likely the Euphrates—and heads toward “Mount Gilead.” Genesis doesn’t specify the journey’s duration, but ten days later, Laban overtakes Jacob at Gilead. Here, it’s revealed Jacob labored 20 years in Haran: 14 for his wives, Leah and Rachel, and six under a later deal for livestock. At Mount Gilead, the families reconcile, sealing peace with a monument—a rock pillar encircled by stones—named “Jegar-Sahadutha,” “Galeed,” and “Mizpah.” Laban returns home, and Jacob presses on to “Mahanaim.” ...

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