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Homo ergaster

 

HOMO ERGASTER

The Homo ergaster species lived in Africa 1.8 million years ago and was alive until 600,000 years ago, likely becoming the ancestor of Homo erectus in Asia, Homo neanderthalensis in Europe, and Homo sapiens in Africa (1995CachelS_HarrisJ; 2005KleinR). Homo ergaster is occasionally equated with Homo erectus in publications (2013TattersallI).

The most complete Homo ergaster skeleton belongs to an adolescent named "Turkana Boy" (KNM-WT 15000). The young man was between 8 and 12 years old (2010GravesRR_CunninghamDL; 2019BergmanJ). The age of this individual's remains is believed to be 1.6 million years (2007TattersallI).

Turkana Boy (reconstruction) Author: Mettmann Neanderthal Museum; source: wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY-SA 4.0, no changes).


The pelvis of specimen KNM-WT 15000 is well preserved. It shows ossified acetabulums. In turn, they have spacious acetabular fossae and wide acetabular notches. Based on these elements, it is possible to conclude that Homo ergaster had a ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Left acetabulum of the pelvis of the «Turkana Boy» (c. 12 years old); epoxy resin cast, material from the educational collection of the Archaeology Research Laboratories, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (model Joy Mersman). [sketchfab.com]


We have studied the image of the proximal section of the right femur of the individual KNM-WT 15000 (researchgate.net). On the medial surface, almost in the center, the fossa of the femoral head is visualized (2018DeSilvaJM_BergerLR:Fig.2). We can distinguish a similar structure in the image of the upper third of the left femur of the same skeleton (2018CromptonRH_ClarkeR:Fig.7). The presence of the fossa of the femoral head is additional strong evidence in favor of the presence of LCF in the Homo ergaster species.

References 

Cachel S, Harris J. Ranging patterns, land-use and subsistence in Homo erectus from the perspective of evolutionary ecology. In: Bower JRF, Sartono S (Eds). Human evolution in its ecological context (Proceedings of the Pithecanthropus Centennial 1893–1993 Congress). Leiden: Pithecanthropus Centennial Foundation, Leiden University, 1995:51-66.

Klein R. Hominin dispersals in the Old World. In: Scarre C (Ed). The Human Past: World Prehistory & the Development of Human Societies. Thames & Hudson, 2005:84-123. [researchgate.net]

Tattersall I. Homo ergaster and its contemporaries. Handbook of paleoanthropology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2013:1633-53. [academia.edu]

Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL. Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000?. Journal of Human Evolution. 2010;59(5)542-54. [sciencedirect.com]

Bergman J. Turkana Boy Hurts Evolutionary Narratives, Oct 8, 2019. [crev.info]

Tattersall I. Homo ergaster and its contemporaries. Handbook of paleoanthropology. 2007;3:1633-53. [academia.edu]

DeSilva JM, Churchill SE, Zipfel B, Walker CS, Sylvester AD, McNutt EJ, ... Berger LR. Australopithecus sediba---The Anatomy of the Lower Limb Skeleton of Australopithecus sediba. PaleoAnthropology. 2018:357-405. [researchgate.net]

Crompton RH, McClymont J, Thorpe S, Sellers W, Heaton J, Pickering TR, ... Clarke R. Functional anatomy, biomechanical performance capabilities and potential niche of StW 573: an Australopithecus skeleton (circa 3.67 Ma) from Sterkfontein Member 2, and its significance for the last common ancestor of the African apes and for hominin origins. BIoRxiv. 2018;481556. [biorxiv.org]


Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo ergaster


                                                                     

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo ergaster

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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