The Emergence of Life

THE EMERGENCE OF LIFE

According to our definition, life is a way of existence of material objects capable of regulating the level of average daily mechanical stress and reproducing similar entities (2004Архипов-БалтийскийСВ). As can be seen, in the given definition there is no reference to protein bodies and organic compounds. Life as a special qualitative state of matter is fundamentally possible not only on the basis of carbon. At the same time, living systems with a different chemistry are unknown, as are extraterrestrial beings.

The oldest potentially biogenic carbon on our planet appeared 4.10±0.01 billion years ago, and the simplest living beings appeared 4.1-3.8 billion years ago (2015BellEA_MaoWL). The split of single-celled, anucleate forms of prokaryotes (Procaryota) into bacteria (Eubacteria) and archaea (Archaebacteria) occurred about 4.0 billion years ago (2002HedgesSB). The oldest stromatolites, which are the remains of cyanobacterial communities (Cyanobacteria), began to form in coastal waters 3.7 billion years ago (2016NutmanAP_ChivasAR). Prokaryotes were already abundant in shallow and deep-sea marine environments by 3.5-3.4 billion years ago, and direct evidence of life dates back 2.9-2.7 billion years (2013Beraldi-CampesiH). Traces of prokaryotic methanotrophs have been found in soil aged 2.765±0.01 billion years (2000RyeR_HollandHD). The first organism with a cell nucleus from the stem group of eukaryotes (Eukaryota) flourished 2.7-2.5 billion years ago (1992HanTM_RunnegarB).

We believe that the acquisition of a nucleus by a cell was a key moment in the evolution of species. Ultimately, mechanical stress, variability and natural selection led to the formation of the hip joint, and in it – the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF).

Stromatolites are calcareous formations of algae Inzeri tjomusi Krylov from the Late Riphean (1600-630 Ma), Southern Urals. Collection of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author.

References

Архипов-Балтийский СВ. Рассуждение о морфомеханике. Норма. В 2 т. Т. 2. Гл. 5-6. - Испр. и доп. изд. Калининград, 2004. [primo.nlr.ru , aleph.rsl.ru]

Bell EA, Boehnke P, Harrison TM, Mao WL. Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2015;112(47)14518-21. [pnas.org]

Hedges SB. The origin and evolution of model organisms. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2002;3(11)838-49. [nature.com]

Nutman AP, Bennett VC, Friend CR, Van Kranendonk MJ, Chivas AR. Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures. Nature. 2016;537(7621)535-8. [nature.com]

Beraldi-Campesi H. Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems. Ecological Processes. 2013;2(1)1-17. [link.springer.com]

Rye R, Holland HD. Life associated with a 2.76 Ga ephemeral pond?: Evidence from Mount Roe# 2 paleosol. Geology. 2000;28(6)483-6. [pubs.geoscienceworld.org]

Han TM, Runnegar B. Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old Negaunee Iron-Formation, Michigan. Science. 1992;257(5067)232-5. [science.org]

«First Life»
The image was created in collaboration with the Image Creator service from Microsoft

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Появление жизни

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

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NEWS

New publications of our resource November 12, 2025 Arkhipov SV. Test catalog of the LCF pathology. November 11, 2025 2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN . Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis? November 8, 2025 1635Auferstehungskirche Painting, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1906HartmannO Sketch of a painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1668Augsburg Painting, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1665 RosaS Painting. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. November 7, 2025 1608Peter-Pauls-Kirche Painting on wood, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. 1701English_Bible Engravin g. Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. November 6, 2025 1943DixO . Painting, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF inj...

Test catalog of the LCF pathology

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Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», October 2025

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0cent.4Q158.1-2

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The first (?) account created by AI

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1884SuttonJB

Fragments from the article Sutton JB. Ligaments: Their Nature and Morphology (1884). The author discovered that in the ostrich the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) was not continuous with the ambiens muscle, but with a muscular slip which ran parallel with the-muscle, and ended in the adductor mass. This publication develops the theme of article 1883SuttonJB . Quote pp. 228-229 I must now pass on to consider certain ligaments of the appendicular skeleton, commencing with some additional remarks on the ligamentum teres. The Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. xvii January 1883, contains a short article on the ligamentum teres, in which I have endeavoured to point out that many ligaments are the tender of muscles which were originally in relation with the joint; but the parent muscle has either formed new attachments or become obsolete, whilst the tendon remains as a passive element in the articulation. In addition to the ligamentum teres the following structures ...

CRITICAL MASS OF CONSENSUS

Online version from 07/03/2025 Critical mass of consensus: Opinions on the importance of ligamentum capitis femoris (XX-XXI century) Arkhipov S . V. Content [i] Abstract [ii] Opinions [iii] Authors & Affiliations [iv] References [v] Appendices [i] Abstract This evolving article collects views on the importance of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) to the musculoskeletal system. Our collection aims to highlight the emerging fundamental shift in the current consensus in the orthopaedic and musculoskeletal research communities regarding the meaning of LCF. Here the convinced convince others. Ultimately, this once-unconventional idea will become established knowledge, enabling a transformation in clinicians’ thinking and in approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hip joint pathologies. [ii] Opinions 2025 «The LT [LCF] works as a secondary static stabilizer of the hip by acting as a sling to preven...

1943DixO

Dix O., painting, Jacob wrestling with the angel (1943). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not prevail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Otto Dix – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1943); original in the Stuttgart Museum, copy in the galerie-d...

1579PareA

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