1176-1178(b)Rambam

Fragment from the book Rambam. Mishneh Torah. Ma'akhalot Assurot (1176-1178). The treatise Mishneh Torah – legal code, work of Jewish law, its part Ma'akhalot Assurot (Laws of Forbidden Foods) was written between about 1176-1178 years in Egypt (sefaria.org). The author writes about the localization of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. See our commentary at the link: 1176-1178(b)Rambam [Rus].

Quote

[Heb]

Mishneh Torah. Ma'akhalot Assurot, 8.1

(original source: sefaria.org)

Translation

Quote

[Eng]

Mishneh Torah. Forbidden Foods, 8.1

[The prohibition against partaking of] the gid hanesheh applies with regard to kosher domesticated animals and wild beasts, even nevelot and trefot. It applies to a fetus and to animals that have been consecrated, both those consecrated [for sacrifices] of which we partake and for sacrifices of which we do not partake. It applies to [the gid] on the right thigh and that on the left thigh. According to Scriptural Law, only [the gid] on the hip socket is forbidden, as [Genesis 32:33] states: "which is on the hip-socket." The remainder of the gid which is above the socket or below the socket - and similarly, the fat which is on the gid - are forbidden only according to Rabbinic decree. There are two giddim. The inner one next to the bone is forbidden according to Scriptural Law. The entire outer one is forbidden by Rabbinic decree. (trans. E. Touger; original source: sefaria.org)

[Deu]

Mischne Tora. Die Verbotenen Speisen

Spannader, unbekanntes Fleisch, Verbot der Nutznießung, 8.1

Das Verbot des Genusses der Spannader findet bei reinem Vieh und Tiere statt, selbst wenn sie als Gefallenes oder Zerrissenes betrachtet werden; ebenso beim Fetus, und bei Tieren, die zum Opfer geheiligt wurden, wobei es sich gleich bleibt, ob es Opfer sind, die gegessen werden können oder nicht, ebenfalls bleibt es sich gleich, ob es die Spannader des rechten oder linken Schenkels ist; — nach der Schrift aber sind nur diejenigen Adern verboten, die auf dem Becken liegen, denn es heißt (Gen. 32:33): »Die auf dem Kopfe des Hüftknochens«; das Übrige von der Spannader, so über, wie unter dem Becken, wie auch das Fett, das sich um diese Ader befindet, ist nur laut Vorschrift der Rabbinen verboten. Übrigens gibt es zwei Spannadern, das Verbot der Schrift nun bezieht sich nur auf die innere, die dem Knochen naheliegt, das Verbot der äußern rührt ganz von den Schriftgelehrten her. (trans. L. Mandelstamm (1851); original source: talmud.de)

Mishneh Torah, copied in Spain, illuminated in Perugia, c. 1400;
original in the wikimedia.org collection (CC0 – Public Domain, fragment, color correction).

External links

Rambam. Mishneh Torah. Ma'akhalot Assurot. Egypt, 1176-1978. [sefaria.org]

Maimonides M (Mosche ben Maimon). Mischne Tora. Die Verbotenen Speisen. Deutsche übersetzt von Leon Mandelstamm. St. Petersburg, 1851. [talmud.de , sefaria.org]

Rambam. Mishneh Torah. trans. Elyahu Touger. Jerusalem: Moznaim Pub., 1986-2007. [sefaria.org]

Authors & Affiliations

Rambam (Moshe ben Maimon, Maimonides) was a physician, rabbi, philosopher, astronomer, Torah commentator, talmudist. He lived between about 1135/1138-1204 years in southern Spain (Cordova), Morocco (Fez), Palestine and Egypt (Alexandria, Fustat, Cairo). [jewishencyclopedia.com , wikipedia.org]

Moses Maimonides
Blaisio U. Thesaurus antiquitatum sacrarum, pp.19-20 (ca. 1744);
original in the wikimedia.org collection (CC0 – Public Domain, fragment, color correction).

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, damage, anatomy, animals, Bible, Torah, synonym

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Comments

21cent.bcBaqetIII

Groups of wrestlers on the walls of tomb BH15, belonging to Baqet III – a contemporary of Pharaoh Mentuhotep II (frescoes, Beni Hasan, Egypt). These images depict wrestling scenes and the circumstances under which injuries to the hip joint — including the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) — might occur. The frescoes appear to have served as the basis for the description of wrestling found in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Nint...

20cent.bcAmenemhet

Groups of wrestlers on the walls of tomb BH2, belonging to Amenemhat (Ameni)—a contemporary of Pharaoh Senusret I (frescoes, Beni Hasan, Egypt). These images depict wrestling scenes and the circumstances under which injuries to the hip joint—including the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF)—might occur. The frescoes appear to have served as the basis for the description of wrestling found in the Book of Genesis : 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work...

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. November 1 , 2026 LCF in 2026 (November) Quotes from articl es and books published in November 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris . October 29 , 2026 22cent.bcBaqetI . Fresco. A depiction of the circumstances surrounding a hip joint injury. October 28 , 2026 17cent.Akrotiri . Fre sco. A depiction of the circumstances surrounding a hip joint injury. 20cent.bcAmenemhet . Fresco. A depiction of the circumstances surrounding a hip joint injury. 20cent.bcKhety . Fresco. A depiction of the circumstances surrounding a hip joint injury. 21cent.bcBaqetIII . Fresco....

Tweet of October 26, 2026

The new book about the first patient with a #ligamentum_teres injury. PDF: http://books.google.com/books/about?id=OcogEgAAQBAJ Manuscript: https://roundligament.blogspot.com/2026/10/medical-record-title-and-contents.html Tweet of October 26, 2026 #Bible #Genesis BLOG CONTENT TWITTER OR X

1893GriffithFL

Griffith F.L. (1893): A group of wrestlers on the wall of the tomb of Baqet III (fresco, late 20th century BCE, Egypt). A depiction of the circumstances surrounding a hip joint injury—possibly involving the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) – which served as the basis for the description of a wrestling match in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ ) and Medical Record (2026Ar...

MEDICAL RECORD. Title and contents

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö : Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. Google Books ID: GGKEY:5GXG1LS275N , play.google.com , books.google.com Title, Abstract and Contents CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Dedication [iii] Book Covers and Title [iv] Table of Contents [v] Application [i] ABSTRACT Before you is the final medical record compiled by the author over a professional career as an orthopaedic surgeon. This work outlines information regarding a patient who sustained a hip joint injury in the Middle Bronze Age. The source material is extracted from the Book of Genesis and cross-referenced with facts from history, archaeology, natural science, and medicine past and present. Along the way, it is demonstrated that the protograph was composed in Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate P...

20cent.bcKhety

Groups of wrestlers on the walls of tomb BH17, belonging to Khety—possibly the son of Baqet III and a contemporary of Pharaoh Senusret I (frescoes, Beni Hasan, Egypt). These images depict wrestling scenes and the circumstances under which injuries to the hip joint — including the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) — might occur. The frescoes appear to have served as the basis for the description of wrestling found in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33...

17cent.Akrotiri

The " Akrotiri Boxer Fresco ", found on the wall of a room in a house in the town of Akrotiri on the island of Thera—a site destroyed by the Minoan eruption (late 17th century BCE). The image depicts a bout that may have served as the basis for the legend concerning an injury to the hip joint and the *ligamentum capitis femoris* (LCF), as described in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 202...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 2

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Introduction Chapter 2 Chronology of the Medical Record CONTENT [i] Text [ii] Navigation [iii] Application [i] Text When reading the Book of Genesis , we learn that the first recorded patient with an injury to the ligament of the head of femur was a man named Ya'akov (Gen. 32:25, 33). In adapted usage, the name is rendered as Jacob. According to the narrative, he was born near the well of Beer-Lahai-Roi, between Kadesh and Bered in the Negev Desert, which is in the south of the "Canaanite" land (Gen. 16:14, 23:19, 24:62). As is clear from the text, the "Canaanite land" is the western part of the current State of Israel, excluding the vicinity of the Jordan River (Gen. 13:11–12). Jacob's father ...

Key Role of the LCF

In the experiments conducted on the pelvis-femur-muscle-ligaments model, we found that when the contralateral pelvic drop occurs, the ligament of the head of femur become maximally tense; simultaneously, there is relaxation and lengthening of the gluteus medius muscle; the pelvis spontaneously rotates towards the stance limb (forward), and the load on the hip joint decreases. Thanks to the functioning of the ligament of the head of femur the walking is smooth, rhythmic, and energy-efficient. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) "Take care of the ligament of the head of femur for yourself and your neighbor!" . . keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum te...

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