Homo naledi

HOMO NALEDI

The species Homo naledi inhabited southern Africa from 335,000 to 236,000 years ago (2017DirksPH_BergerLR).

Facial reconstruction of Homo naledi, Author: Cicero Moraes et al. (Arc-Team); source –wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY 4.0, no changes).

Among the preserved remains of Homo naledi there is a femoral head (UW 101-1300) without a lateral surface. On it, the fossa of the femoral head is clearly visible, measuring 8.6 by 6.6 mm. It is deeply pitted with several holes inside. (2016MarchiD_DeSilvaJM:Fig.9). This observation provides clear evidence for the presence of a ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in Homo naledi, specifically the distal attachment site.

Homo naledi femur UW 101-1391. Author: Lee Roger Berger research team; source: wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY 4.0, no changes).

Homo naledi pelvic remains are small fragments of the ilium, ischium, pubis, and sacrum (2018VanSickleC_HawksJ). None of the parts contain an acetabulum, which could be used to differentiate the proximal attachment site of the LCF.

Homo naledi pelvic specimens UW 101-1100. Author: Lee Roger Berger research team; source: wikipedia.org collection (license CC BY 4.0, no changes).

References

Dirks PH, Roberts EM, Hilbert-Wolf H, Kramers JD, Hawks J, Dosseto A, ... Berger LR. The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa. Elife. 2017;6:e24231. [elifesciences.org]

Marchi D, Walker CS, Wei P, Holliday TW, Churchill SE, Berger LR, DeSilva J. M. The thigh and leg of Homo naledi. Journal of Human Evolution. 2016;30:1e31. [academia.edu]

VanSickle C, Cofran Z, García-Martínez D, Williams SA, Churchill SE, Berger LR, Hawks J. Homo naledi pelvic remains from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution. 2018;125:122-36. [sciencedirect.com]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo naledi

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo naledi

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

999–10 Kya

Comments

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. January 14, 2026 2026 ArkhipovSV. THE GIFTS OF THE MAGI FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS ( A Novel Technique for Proximal Fixation of Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Reconstruction ). January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a me thod for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation. 2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal att...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

11th-15th Century

11th-15th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 11th century 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation. 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals. 12 th century 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals. 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals. 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks abo...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

1834MitchellE_KnoxR

Description and drawings of the proximal attachment and blood supply of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) from book Mitchell E, Knox R. Engravings of the ligaments (1834 ). PLATE VI PLATE VI. … 49. The round ligament of the hip-joint, which arises from the sinus in the bottom of the acetabulum and descends into the head of the femur. 50. A portion of it which is thinner and membranous. 51. Portion of a ligament which arises from the outer surface of the ischiatic cavity and surrounds its neck as far as the notch of the acetabulum; there however it makes its way into the acetabulum, passing under the arch of the cotyloid ligament. 52. Branch of the obturator artery. 53. Two twigs which penetrate into the cotyloid cavity along with the ligament 51, to mingle with the round ligament. PLATE VII PLATE VII. Fig. 1. … 19, 19. Remarkable glands, which are concealed in the sinus of the acetabulum. 20. Origin of the exterior ligament which arises fr...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

1877bWelckerH

The author discusses differences in the relative strength and size of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in humans at different ages. The characteristics of LCF in seals and tapirs are described. For more information on LCF in these and other animals, see the author's article: Welcker H. Nachweiseines ligamentum interarticulare („teres“) humeri, sowie eines lig. teressessile femoris. Zeitschrift für Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte ( 1877 ) . The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. XVL. Zur Anatomie des ligamentum teres femoris. Nachtrag zu Abhandlung VII dieses Bandes. Von Hermann Welcker in Halle. I. Ligamentum teres sessile im Hüftgelenke des Seeliuiides. Als ein Thier, bei welchem das lig. teres „sehr seitlich" ein gepflanzt sein möchte, hatte ich auch ...

LCF in 2025 (June)

LCF in 2025 ( June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027. [i] academic.oup.com Iglesias, C. J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 [ii] researchgate.net Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...

1994(b)ArkhipovSV

Artificial hip joint (Искусственный тазобедренный сустав конструкции С.В. Архипова) Patent Application RU94040447A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU94040447/14A events 1994-11-04 Application filed by С.В. Архипов 1994-11-04 Priority to RU94040447/14A 1996-09-20 Publication of RU94040447A Claims 1. An artificial hip joint of the design of S .V. Arkhipov , comprising a body equipped with a self-cutting thread, and a spherical head, characterized in that the body has a spherical cavity in which the head is mounted so that a movable, one-piece connection is formed, in addition, the head is equipped with a sleeve with a longitudinal conical hole. 2. The artificial joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the body cavity has a shaped groove. 3. The artificial joint according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that the head mounted in the cavity has a longitudinal backlash. 4. An artificial joint a...

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