Skip to main content

1698CowperW

 

Fragments from the book Cowper W. The anatomy of humane bodies (1698). The author writes about the anatomy and attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The monograph points to the function of the LCF: to reduce compression of the femoral head and upper part of the acetabulum during walking and running.


Quote 1.

THE SEVENTY-FOURTH TABLE.

I, The Head of the Os Femoris lying out of the Acetabulum, after the Ligamentum Latum is cut off

k, The Round Ligament of the Os Femoris which is Fasten’d to the Inferior Part or Margin of the Acetabulum; whereby the Great Atrition of the Superior Part of the Acetabulum, with the Head of the Os Femoris, is prevented in Walking, Running, and the like Actions.

l, The Mucilaginous Gland Entertain’d in a particular Depressure in the Bottom and Lower Part of the Acetabulum; whereby the too Great and often Compressure of the Mucilage in Ordinary Motions of the Thigh, is Prevented.

m, Some Remains of the Mucilaginous Glands on the Neck of the Os Femoris, near the Conjunction of the Ligamentum Latum; which is here taken off, to shew the Head of the Thigh-Bone and Acetabulum of the Os Coxendicis.




Quote 2.

THE NINETY-NINTH TABLE.

Fig. 2.

The External Convext Surface of the Os Innominatum:

ABB, Its Cavity, wherein the Head of the Os Femoris is receiv’d, call’d Acetabulum and Pixis.

A, A Sinus Excavated in the Inferior Part of the Acetabulum, in which the Mucilaginous Gland is plac’d: Vid. Tab. 74.1.

The Ligamentum Rotundum Figur’d Tab. 74. k, Arises from the Lower-part of the Acetabulum towards its External Margin ; whence it passes Upwards to its Termination in the Head of the Os Femoris ; which Disposition of that Ligament, is no small Artifice in Nature, in preventing too great a Coalision of the Superior Part of the Acetabulum with the Head of the Thigh-bone, in Walking, Running, &c. as before Noted.

B B, The External Margin of the Acetabulum, whence the Ligamentum Latum do’s Arise; which Ligament is Implanted in the Neck of the Os Femoris.

C D E, The Dorsurn Ilii.

D Superior, The Spina Ilii.

EE, Divers Precedes towards the Back part of the Ilium, where its other Side, Exprest in the Former Figure D, is join’d with the Sacrum.

F, A Sinus of the Os Ilium, in which the Musculus Piriformis passes towards its Implantation.

G, An Acute Process of the Ischium.

H, An Appendix of the Ischium, to which a Ligament Arising from the Os Sacrum is Fasten’d: From this Appendix the Musculus Quadratus Femoris, and the Muscules Bending the Tibia, do Arise.

I, That Part where the Os Ischium joins with the Os Pubis.

K, The Os Pubis or Pectinis.

L, The Great Foramen of the Ischium and Pubis.

N. B. The Three Bones which Compose the Os Innominatum, all meet and join in the Acetabulum.




Quote 3.

THE HUNDRED & THIRD TABLE.

The Bones of the Inferior Artus or Limbs are Divided into the Thigh, Shank, and Foot.

Fig. I.

The Fore-part of the Left Thigh-bone.

A, The Upper Appendix of the Thigh-bone, call’d its Head, cover’d with a Cartilage, which is receiv’d in the Acetabulum of the Os Innominatum, Tab. 99. Fig. 2. ABB. The Round Ligament Arising from the Inferior Part of the Acetabulum, is Inserted near the Middle of this Head of the Thigh-bone, Fig. 2. B. This Articulation of the Thigh-bone with the Hip-bone, is call’d Enarthrosis.

B, The Trochanter Major, which in Young Bodies Appears join’d with a Cartilage to the Thigh-bone, and is therefore call’d an Epiphysis or Appendix.

C, The Cervix or Neck of the Os Femoris, to which the Ligamentum Latum is Fasten'd.

DE, The Inferior Appendix of the Os Femoris, Framing Two Heads: The Smooth Cartilaginous Surface which Appears between them, receives the Internal Surface of the Patella, Fig. 4.

F, A Sinus whence the Musculus Poplitaeus has its Tendinous Origin.

Fig. 2.

The Posterior Part of the Right Thigh-bone.

A, Its Head.

B, A little Depressure, where the Ligamentum Rotundum is Implanted.

C, The Lesser Trochanter, to which the Muscuius Psoas and Iliacus Internus, are Inserted.

DE, The Two Inferior Heads of the Thigh-bone, which are receiv’d in Two Shallow Depressures, Fram’d by Two Semilunary Cartilages, plac’d on the Superior Part of the Tibia: The Sinus between these Two Heads, receives a small Prominence on the Upper-part of the Tibia, especially in its Flexion: This Articulation of the Thigh with the Tibia, is by Gynglimus.

F, The Great Trochanter, where the Musculus Pyriformis, Marsupialis, Obturator Externus, and Parts of the Glutaei Medii, Minimi, and Quadratics Femoris, are Inserted.

G G, The Linea Aspera, to which Part of the Muscuius Quadratus Femoris, Glutaeus Maximus, and the Greatest Part of the Triceps are Inserted: The Vastus Externus and Internus, do chiefly Arise from the Linea Aspera.

In some Bodies, especially Aged, we find Two Ossa Sesamoidea on the Superior Parts of the Two Lower Heads of the Thigh-bone D E: The Office of which, is to Defend the Bending Tendons of the Tibia from too great a Collision on those Heads of the Bone, which they would else be Subject to: The like Ossification I have more than once Observ’d in the Tendon of the Peroneus Longus, at its Contortion over the Os Calcis towards the Bottom of the Foot.




External links

Cowper W. The anatomy of humane bodies: with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe, and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates, illustrated with large explications, containing many new anatomical discoveries, and chirurgical observations: to which is added an introduction explaining the animal oeconomy, with a copious index. Oxford: Printed at the Theater, for Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford, printers to the Royal Society, at the Princes Arms in St. Paul's Church Yard, London, MDCXCVIII [1698]. [archive.org]

Authors & Affiliations

William Cowper (1666-1709) was an English surgeon and anatomist. [wikipedia.org]

William Cowper (1698)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, attachment, role 

                                                                                                                   

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7


BLOG CONTENT 

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Catalog. LCF of Extinct Species

Discussion of the LCF and morphological signs of its existence in extinct species.   Funston, G. F. (2024). Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlae011. [ academic.oup.com ] Hafed, A. B., Koretsky, I. A., Nance, J. R., Koper, L., & Rahmat, S. J. (2024). New Neogene fossil phocid postcranial material from the Atlantic (USA). Historical Biology, 1-20. [ tandfonline.com ] Kuznetsov, A. N., & Sennikov, A. G. (2000). On the function of a perforated acetabulum in archosaurs and birds. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL, 34(4), 439-448. [ researchgate.net ] Romer, A. S. (1922). The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 46, article 10. [ digitallibrary.amnh.org  ,  digitallibrary.amnh.org(PDF) ]    Słowiak, J., Brusatte, S. L., & Szczygielski, T. (2024). Reassessment of the enigmati...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

  Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?  A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN     CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Introduction [iii]   Egyptian physician [iv]   Asian diviner [v]   Conclusion [vi]   References [vii]   Application [i]   Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii]   Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

  The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By  Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D.     CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Introduction [iii]   Materials and methods [iv]   Results [v]   Discussion and Conclusion [vi]   References [vii]   Application [i]   Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

ABOUT THE PROJECT

  The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning. ...

2005MorA

  Invention (Patent Application Publication): Mor A. Replacement ligamentum teres femoris. US20050131546 A1 (200 5 ).   US20050131546A1 Israel Inventor: Amit Mor Current Assignee: Individual Worldwide applications 2003 US Application US10/734,123 events: 2003-12-15 Application filed by Individual 2003-12-15 Priority to US10/734,123 2005-06-16 Publication of US20050131546A1 2024-08-07 Assigned to NEWCLEO SA Status: Abandoned   Replacement ligamentum teres femoris Amit Mor   Abstract A hip joint prosthesis including a replacement ligamentum teres femoris. The replacement ligamentum teres femoris may be attached to a replacement (or natural) femoral head and/or to a replacement (or natural) acetabular structure.   Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates generally to an enarthrodial prosthesis, and particularly to a replacement ligamentum teres femoris for a hip joint prosthesis. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] The hip joint (who...

1992NeverovVA_ShilnikovVA

Our translation of the patent for invention: NeverovVA, ShilnikovVA. Method for plastic surgery on the femoral head in applying hip joint endoprosthesis SU1743595 (1992) . The original in Russian is available at the link: 1992НеверовВА _ ШильниковВА .   SU1743595A1 USSR Inventors: Valentin Aleksandrovich Neverov, Viktor Aleksandrovich Shilnikov Worldwide applications 1990 SU Application SU904822620A events: 1990-05-03 Application filed by Ленинградский Государственный Институт Для Дальнейшего Усовершенствования Врачей 1990-05-03 Priority to SU904822620A 1992-06-30 Application granted 1992-06-30 Publication of SU1743595A Status:  Expired – Lifetime    Method for plastic surgery on the femoral head in applying hip joint endoprosthesis Valentin Aleksandrovich Neverov , Viktor Aleksandrovich Shilnikov   Abstract Use: in medicine, namely in orthopedics for hip joint endoprosthetics. The purpose of the invention is to ensure the biomechanics of the joint by preserv...

2013CastroFF_MoskovitzAP

      Invention (Patent): Castro FF, Fisher JMO, Moskovitz AP. Semi-constrained ball and socket joints.  US20130013079A1  (2013). US20130013079A1 US Inventors: Floyd Franklin Castro, James Mark Oakley Fisher, Alex Paul Moskovitz Current Assignee: CASTRO FLOYD Worldwide applications 2012 US Application US13/544,479 events: 2012-07-09 Application filed by Individual 2012-07-09 Priority to US13/544,479 2013-01-10 Publication of US20130013079A1 2014-09-10 Assigned to CASTRO, FLOYD 2015-06-23 Application granted 2015-06-23 Publication of US9060862B2 Status: Expired - Fee Related 2032-07-09 Anticipated expiration   Semi-constrained ball and socket joints Floyd Franklin Castro, James Mark Oakley Fisher, Alex Paul Moskovitz   Abstract Regarding semi-constrained artificial ball (head) and socket (cup) joints such as the hip or shoulder joint, which allow for certain numbers of degrees of rotation along three independent axes. For example, one embodiment create...

ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

  ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY   (Information on the presence in existing and extinct animals... ) LCF of Pithecanthropus   In the hip joint of Pithecanthropus (Pithecanthropus erectus, Homo erectus 2.12-0.43 Ma), there was a LCF. LCF of Australopithecus   The Australopithecus afarensis (3.2 Ma) had a ligament of the  head of femur.  1802CamperP  The author discusses the absence and unknown role of the LCF in the elephant and some monkeys. 1803CamperP  The author discusses the absence and unknown role of LCF in the orangutan, elephant, and sloth.  1824MeckelJF   The author notes the absence of LCF in orangutans, three-toed sloths and turtles.  1835OwenR  The author discusses the absence of the LCF in chimpanzees, orangutans and some other mammals. 1851BarkowHCL   The author briefly describes LCF in the tiger and llama.  1864MacalisterA  LCF has been observed in ostrich and is noted to be strength.  1869MivartG ...

2012ForsellP

  Invention (Patent): Forsell P. Hip joint device and method.  US20120150314A1  (2012).    US20120150314A1 US Inventor: Peter Forsell Current Assignee: Kirk Promotion Ltd Oregon Worldwide applications 2010 WO ES US EP 2015 US 2018 US Application US13/383,300 events: 2010-07-12 Application filed by Kirk Promotion Ltd 2010-07-12 Priority to US13/383,300 2012-06-14 Publication of US20120150314A1 2015-09-22 Application granted 2015-09-22 Publication of US9138320B2 Status: Active 2030-07-12 Anticipated expiration   Hip joint device and method Peter Forsell   Abstract A medical device for implantation in a hip joint of a patient is provided. The medical device is adapted to be fixated to the pelvic bone of the patient. The medical device comprises an inner and an outer surface, a contacting portion of the inner surface is spherical and adapted to face the center of the hip joint when said medical device is implanted, and said medical device is adapted to re...

Congenital Hip Dislocation. Pathogenesis

  An original view on the pathogenesis of congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation and subluxation of the hip. One example of the importance of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and the influence of a mechanical factor on living systems is a group of diseases of the hip joint such as congenital hip dysplasia, congenital subluxation and congenital hip dislocation. The last of these pathological conditions is an extreme degree of severity of the previous two. Common to these pathological conditions is the presence of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome of varying severity. It is based on a decrease in the strength and elasticity of connective tissue structures. The consequence of this is that a standard load, for example, on ligaments causes their plastic deformation: thinning, elongation, and in some cases, rupture. This occurs due to both mechanical and biological processes (for more details, see the  Law of Bioinduction ). If, in connective tissue dysplasia syndr...