1751BöhmerPA

Fragments from the book Böhmer PA. Institutiones osteologicae in usum praelectionum academicarum cum iconibus anatomicus (1751). The author describes the topography, mechanical properties and role of the роль ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). This work has been repeatedly cited in publications by other medical writers: 1803SchregerCHT, 1880HyrtlJ. The translation was done in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service.

Böhmer PA. Institutiones osteologicae in usum praelectionum academicarum cum iconibus anatomicus. Halae Magdeburgicae: In Officina Libraria Rengeriana, MDCCLI [1751]. [fragments]

Quote pp. 263-264

§. CCCCLXXX.

Acetabularum structura, et vsus,

Sunt autem amplissima cauatam mirifice coxis adposita, vt iisdem coxae cum toto trunco diuersimode super femora moueri et inclinari possint. Quaelibet sinuositas caput femoris profundius excipiens proprie acetabulum, Gr. κοτύλῃ vocatur (§. LXXVI.), ex concursu trium ossium componitur (§. CCCCLXXVII.), et crusta cartilaginea obducitur ac augetur (§. CCCCLXVIII); defectus vero in imperfecta ipsius ora ab opposita cartilagine suppletur, et per incisuram (§. CCCCLXXXI.) vasa, a compressione libera, tutissime admittuntur. Totus denique sinus validissimo, ex supercilio eius inaequali pro deunte ligamento, firmissime cum capite ossis femoris unitur.

§. 480.

The structure of the acetabulum and its appearance,

However, there are very large cavities wonderfully placed near the hips to allow them to move and bend in various ways relative to the entire torso. Each depression in which the head of the femur is deeply embedded is called the acetabulum proper, in Greek κοτύλῃ (§. 76), consists of a connection of three bones (§. 477), is covered with a cartilaginous layer and expanded (§. 468); but there is a defect, which at the edge is filled with the opposite cartilage, and through the incision (§. 481) the vessels, free from compression, are safely passed. In the end, the entire sinus is very strong, thanks to the uneven edge, with the missing ligament, it is firmly connected to the head of the femur.

Quote p. 264

§. CCCCLXXXI.

corumque sminor in ima parte cauitas.

Quum vero anterius et lateraliter ex parte dehifcat, supercilium illius imperfectum et inaequale fit, immo sinuositas, quae in medio et versus ilia latescit, ad hiatum rursus angustatur. Cauitas minor, quam in ima parte continet, simili gaudet margine imperfecto et inaequali, ac aspera superficie, eaque non solum ligamentum teres siue planum recipit, verum etiam glandulae mucilaginosae tutissimum concedit locum, efficitque, ne tota sub motu comprimatur.

§. 481.

smaller cavity at the bottom.

Where the rupture occurs anteriorly and laterally, its [acetabulum] edge becomes incomplete and uneven, and the notch, which extends from the middle outward, narrows again to a fissure. The smaller cavity which it [the acetabulum] contains in the lower part, also has the same interrupted and uneven edge and a rough surface, which not only receives the round or flat ligament, but also provides the safest place for the mucous glands, preventing them from being completely compressed when movements.

Quote pp. 324-325

§. DLXXXVIII.

eiusque inaequalis fossa qua ligamentum teres educitur

In medio profundam et inaequalem fossam habet, ex qua ligamentum firmissimum, crassum, et elasticum educitur, quod propriae acetabuli crenae inseritur (§. CCCCLXXXI), et, vi officii, suspensorium dici meretur.

§. 588.

and its irregular fossa, through which the round ligament passes.

In the middle there is a deep and uneven fossa, from which emerges a very firm, thick and elastic ligament, which is attached to its own notch of the acetabulum (§. 481), and by its function deserves to be called suspensory.

Quote pp. 325-326

§. DXC.

Connexio capitis femoris cum acetabulo.

In commissura capitis cum collo femoris, et circulo praecipue circa basin ceruicis aspero, ligamentum vasis refertissimum, robustum, validumque capsulare, quod caput ossis femoris cum acetabulo iungit (§. CCCCLXXX), firmatur. Quo vero liberius in centro acetabuli versari, et absque vasorum, illud ingredientium (§. CCCCLXXXI.) compressione, ex glanduloso-pinguedinosis organis mucus capsam inter et caput femoris exprimi, nec, relaxato forsan articulari vinculo, os prorsus ex articulatione elabi possit; natura suspensorio prospexit ligamento (§. DLXXXVIII).

§. 590.

Connection of the head of the femur with the acetabulum.

At the junction of the head with the neck of the femur and especially around the base of the neck, there is a very dense, strong and powerful capsular ligament that connects the head of the femur with the acetabulum (§. 480) and secures it. It allows the head of the femur to move freely inside the acetabulum and without compressing the vessels entering it (§. 481), under pressure the mucus from the glandular-fatty organs is squeezed out between the acetabulum and the head of the femur, and, even if the articular ligament [capsule] weakened, the bone cannot slide completely out of the joint; is because nature has focused on the suspensory ligament (§. 588).

External links

Böhmer PA. Institutiones osteologicae in usum praelectionum academicarum cum iconibus anatomicus. Halae Magdeburgicae: In Officina Libraria Rengeriana, MDCCLI [1751]. [archive.org , books.google]

Authors & Affiliations

Philipp Adolph Böhmer (1711-1789) was a Prussian physician and professor of medicine at the University of Halle. [wikipedia.org]

Philipp Adolph Böhmer (before 1900)
Unknown author; original in the wikimedia.org collection
(CC0 – Public Domain, no changes)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, synonym, role, mechanical properties

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Comments

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation. 2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation . 2021PaezC_WengerDR The ar ticle analyzes the results of open reconstruction of LCF in dysplasia. 2008DoddsMK...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

LCF in 2025 (June)

LCF in 2025 ( June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027. [i] academic.oup.com Iglesias, C. J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 [ii] researchgate.net Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...

1724FabriciusJA

Fragments from the book Fabricius JA. Bibliothecae Graecae volume duodecimum (1724). The author quotes the Byzantine physician Theophilus Protospatharius, who supposedly lived between the 7th and 10th centuries. Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its inherent connective function. [Grc] θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος . Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς . Βιβλιον Ε . XIII, [p. 892] (see fig.) [Lat] Theophilus Protospatharius. De corporis humani fabrica, Liber quintus, Cap. XIII [p. 892] 1) Dei erga homines amor ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum adstringensque, ne facile elabatur:» 2) inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes & solae, qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur, sed latae, valenter que heminae oras ad commissurae praesidium ambientes. Translation [Eng] 1) For the sake ...

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research. Areas for cooperation: - pathogenesis and prevention of coxarthrosis - arthroscopy of the hip joint - hip arthroplasty - reconstruction of the hip joint ligaments - biomechanics of postures and locomotion - classification of ligament pathology - remote diagnostics of hip joint ligament pathology Email: archipovsv@gmail.com Briefly about Sergey Arkhipov Bibliography Experimental material Blog [Rus] Blog [Eng] ResearchGate ORCID Twitter / Х Academia.edu BLOG CONTENT NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

LCF in English Bibles

The primary source for translating the Bible into English is the Hebrew literary monument Torah. In its first part, the Book of Bereshit (32:33 ) , there is a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which in Hebrew is called « גיד » (gheed, gid) (1923, 2004PreussJ; 2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Probably one of the earliest written translations of the Bible into Old English was made by Ælfric of Eynsham, who worked approximately between 955–1010 CE (1050Aelfric’s). In Aelfric's Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase, the Hebrew concept of « גיד » [gheed], that is, LCF, is mentioned twice in the 25th and 32nd verses of the XXXII Chapter of the Book of Genesis and is called «sine» ( Figure 1, 2 ). In Middle English, translators Nicholas of Hereford and John Wycliffe named LCF as «synwe», and in John Purvey's Bible edition - «senewe» (1850ForshallJ_MaddenF). In Bibles in Early Modern English, LCF is designated as «senow» and «senowe» (1530TyndaleW; 1535CoverdaleM; 1...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

190-230Mishnah Chullin

Tractate Mishnah Chullin was written between about 190 - 230 in Israel and discuss laws related to consumption of meat. The selected quotes talk about the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. See our commentary at the link: 190-230Mishnah Chullin [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:2 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:3 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 4. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:4 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 5. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:5 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 6. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:6 (original source: sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 The prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve applies both in Eretz Yisrael and outside of Eretz Yisrael, in the presence of, i.e., the time of, the Temple and not in the presence of th...

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