1559ColomboMR

Selected fragments of the treatise describe the topography, function, geometric and physical properties of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). What is especially noteworthy is that the author describes one of the symptoms of LCF damage, lameness, and explains its cause. We find the first ever mention of this symptom in non-scientific literature in Chapter XXXII of the book Genesis (1922LeeserI, 32:32).

Colombo MR. Realdi Colvmbi cremonensis, in almo Gymnasio Romano Anatomici celeberrimi, De re Anatomica libri XV. Venetiis: Ex Typographia Nicolai Beuilacquae, MDLIX [1559]. [fragments]
Quote p. 81
Nam praeter eam cartilaginem, quae crustae ritu circundatur tam femoris capiti, quam acetabulo: exurgit ex labris ipsius sinus crassa quaedam, & circularis cartilago, quae acetabuli capacitatem auget; atque ita complectitur altum femoris caput, vt ne de sua sede egredi, luxariue tam facile possit. atque vt huiusmodi capitis insercio firmius in eodem acetabulo resideat; e medio eius incrustatae appendicis teres, ac validum ligamentum nascitur, quod in medio sinu figitur; sicq; articulationem hanc alioqui laxam maximopere colligat, continetq;.	For in addition to the cartilage [of the joint capsule], which surrounds the head of the femur and the acetabulum, there is, at the very edge of this socket, a thick circular cartilage, increasing the capacity of the acetabulum; in this way, it clasps the large head of the femur so that it cannot easily come out of its seat or be dislocated. And in order for the head of the bone to be more firmly held in the acetabulum, from the middle of the protruding cartilage of the head originates an encrusted rounded appendage, giving rise to a strong ligament, which is fixed in the center of the socket; thus it greatly strengthens and supports this otherwise rather loose joint.
Quote p. 84
Iccirco natura non modo altiorem insertionem effinxit, & cum profundo acetabulo cartilaginem composuit; vt ipsum adauctum, altiusq; redditum femoris caput facilius susciperet; Verumetiam teretem, ac robustam copulam parauit, quam e sinu quodam non leui in medio pene capitis vertice, magis tamen versus interiora produxit: atque id in acetabuli fundum immittendum curauit vinculi, ac firmamenti validioris gratia.	Therefore, nature not only created a deeper attachment, but also added cartilage for the deep acetabulum; so that it would increase and deepen to better hold the femoral head; it also prepared a pair for it, a rounded and sturdy ligament, which arises from a somewhat not smooth depression in the middle of the head, but rather closer to its inner part, and took care to connect it to the bottom of the acetabulum, which ensures a stronger connection.
Quote p. 108
In articulo femoris cum osse coxendicis ilei, ac pubis, praeter membraneum quidem vinculum, sed crassum, quod articulis omnibus commune est, ligamentum videbis teres ac longiusculum, quod cum a profundo acetabulo ortum ducat, in superius femoris caput insertum deperditur, idq; roboris ergo; quod dum haec pars laxatur saepenumero disrumpitur: & quamuis os in locum pristinu redeat, luxatus tamen semper claudicat: hoc enim ligamentum impedimento est quominus ossa illa cohaereant.	In the hip joint, at the point of its connection with the pelvic bones: the ilium and the pubis, in addition to the membranous ligament common to all joints, you will see a rounded and elongated ligament, which starts from the depths of the acetabulum and which connects to the upper part of the head of the femur; this formation is designed to strengthen the joint. However, when it relaxes, it often tears. And even if the bone returns to its place, lameness always remains after a dislocation: this is explained by the fact that the ligament interferes with the bones rejoining.

External links

Colombo MR. Realdi Colvmbi cremonensis, in almo Gymnasio Romano Anatomici celeberrimi, De re Anatomica libri XV. Venetiis: Ex Typographia Nicolai Beuilacquae, MDLIX [1559]. [archive.org]

Colombo MR. Realdi Colvmbi cremonensis, in almo Gymnasio Romano Anatomici celeberrimi, De re Anatomica libri XV. Parisiis: A. Wechelum, 1562. [books.google]

Authors & Affiliations

Matteo Realdo Colombo (c. 1515-1559) was an Italian professor of anatomy and a surgeon at the University of Padua. wikipedia.org

Realdo Colombo, anatomy professor at the University of Padua, decribed the pulmonary circulation around the same time as Servetus. Image from article: ElMaghawry M, Zanatta A, Zampieri F. The discovery of pulmonary circulation: From Imhotep to William Harvey. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2014 Jun 18;2014(2):103-16. researchgate.net (CC BY 4.0, color correction)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, topography, role, symptom, dislocation

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BLOG CONTENT

MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Comments

THE GIFTS OF THE MAGI FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS

Translation of the article: Архипов СВ. Новая техника проксимального крепления при реконструкции ligamentum capitis femoris: Дары волхвов ортопедическим хирургам. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . A Novel Technique for Proximal Fixation of Ligamentum Capitis Femoris Reconstruction: The Gifts of the Magi for Orthopedic Surgeons S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Technique [v] Discussion [vi] Conclusion [vii] Appendix [viii] References [ix] Structured Abstract [x] Additional material [i] Abstract An experimental technique for reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (ligamentum teres femoris) is described. The proposed method involves creating two portions of the ligament analog: a pubic portion and an ischial portion. Fixation of thes...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis? A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Egyptian physician [iv] Asian diviner [v] Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii] Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

2025SarassaC_HerreraAM

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article : Sarassa C. et al . I ntraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance S tability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes (2025). The article describes a technique for fixing the femoral head using the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025SarassaC_HerreraAM . [ii] Original text Abstract Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with complete dislocation (grade ≥III) in older patients often requires open reduction. However, achieving long-term stability remains challenging. This study introduces and evaluates a novel surgical technique, intraosseous tunneling ...

2018YoussefAO

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Youssef AO. Medial approach open reduction with ligamentum teres partial excision and plication for the management of congenital hip dislocation (2018). The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2018YoussefAO . [ii] Original text Abstract Because of the known tendency for early redislocation following open reduction, we developed surgical methods for shortening the ligamentum teres to improve immediate postoperative stability when performing medial approach open reduction (MAOR) for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Between 2004 and 2014, 32 patients w...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

Full access to the PDF version of the book: HUMAN CHILDREN

Full access to the PDF version of the book is now available: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. An essay with references to interactive materials. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. (In Russian)]. Google Play , Google Book , drive.google.com , kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com [Архипов С.В. Дети человеческие: истоки библейских преданий в обозрении врача. Эссе, снабженное ссылками на интерактивный материал. 2-е изд. перераб. и доп. Йоэнсуу : Издание Автора , 2025.] Annotation The first version of the Book of Genesis appeared in Ancient Egypt approximately 3,600 years ago, during the Hyksos period. The work was conceived as a fairy tale epic. An unknown physician-encyclopedist, who is also presumed to have authored the Edwin Smith Papyrus, played a role in its composition. He supplemented the co-author's family legends, retellings of halluc...

2012MansmannKA

Invention (Patent Application Publication): Mansmann KA. Tendon-sparing implants for arthroscopic replacement of hip cartilage. WO2012162571A1 (2012). The original text of the document contained defects. WO2012162571A1S US Inventor: Kevin A. Mansmann Worldwide applications 2012 WO Application PCT/US2012/039481 events: 2012-05-24 Application filed by Mansmann Kevin A 2012-11-29 Publication of WO2012162571A1 Tendon-sparing implants for arthroscopic replacement of hip cartilage Kevin A. Mansmann Abstract Surgical implant devices are disclosed which will allow completely arthroscopic resurfacing of the acetabular socket, and the femoral head, in hip joints, in both humans, and in animals such as dogs. Such devices, made of flexible polymers with smooth articulating surfaces and porous anchoring surfaces, can be provided with centered openings, to allow a surgeon to spare the major ligament (the ligamentum teres) which connects the femoral head to the pelv...

1753TarinP

Fragments from the book Tarin P. Ostéo-graphie (1753). The author notes the localization of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and uses synonyms: ligament rond, ligamentum teres capitis femoris. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. Quote p. 24 Les Ligamens de l'extrémité inférieure sont, 1°. la Membrane capsulaire, &c. de la cavité cotyloïde, le Ligament rond, l'Appareil ligamenteux propre à cette cavité; le Ligament transveríal interne de son bord, le transversal externe, les deux Ligamens glanduleux; … Quote p. 54. Illæ tres offeæ portiones simul unitæ Cavitatem cotyloïdeam q.t. a. constituunt, in qua occurrit Foveols h. glandulas synoviales articulationis excipiens, cuique sesc inserit ligamentum teres capitis femoris, &c. Vid. t. u. v. TAB. I. II. III. External links Tarin P. Ostéo-graphie, ou Description des os de l'adulte, du foetus, &c. Precedée d'une introduction a l'etu...

Key Role of the LCF

In the experiments conducted on the pelvis-femur-muscle-ligaments model, we found that when the contralateral pelvic drop occurs, the ligament of the head of femur become maximally tense; simultaneously, there is relaxation and lengthening of the gluteus medius muscle; the pelvis spontaneously rotates towards the stance limb (forward), and the load on the hip joint decreases. Thanks to the functioning of the ligament of the head of femur the walking is smooth, rhythmic, and energy-efficient. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) "Take care of the ligament of the head of femur for yourself and your neighbor!" . . keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum te...

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