Skip to main content

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

 

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

(Erroneous and folkloric beliefs, folk and traditional stories...) 


    • LCF in English Bibles The first written mention of the LCF in humans is found in the ancient Hebrew book – Bereshit (Genesis). In English translations of the Bible, LCF is denoted by various terms, often not explicitly referring to the «ligament». 
    • The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII In the selected excerpt, the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnostic test for the injury to LCF are provided, along with details about the circumstances, time, and place of the biblical trauma. 
    • 1609-1583bcProtoBereshit Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance. 
    • 922-722bcElohist A variant of the oldest description of damage to the LCF and the cause of lameness in Hebrew, dating from 922-722 BC. 
    • 8cent.bcHomer The poet describes an open hip fracture-dislocation, which is usually accompanied by damage to the LCF.
    • 650-570bcJeremiah_Baruch The editors of the book of Bereishit mention the LCF of the animal. 
    • 5-2cent.bcSamaritan Pentateuch The Samaritan text contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 445bсEzra An extreme Hebrew version of a passage from the Book of Bereshit mentioning the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 3-1cent.bcSeptuaginta The text in ancient Greek contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
    • 50-135Akiva ben Joseph The rabbi mentions the LCF of the animal. 
    • 80-110Eliezer ben Hyrcanus The author indicates the location of the LCF and describes its injury. 
    • 80-120Targum Onkelos The Aramaic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 93-94JosephusF The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. 
    • 1-2cent.Vetus Latina The oldest Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 1-3cent.Peshitta The Syriac text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 135-170Yehudah ben Ilai The religious scholar points out the distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of the possibility of its injury. 
    • 150-250Targum Jonathan The mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
    • 165-257Shmuel Babylonian physician demonstrates knowledge of LCF injury, identifies topography and distal attachment site. 
    • 190-230Mishnah Chullin Selected quotations discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. 
    • 200Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal. 
    • 2-3cent.Coptic Bible The Coptic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 220-299Yehuda ben Yechezkel The religious scholar points out the location of the LCF in animals and distinguishes it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 220-320Kahana The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 250-350Sifra The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
    • 280-352Rava The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of its function. 
    • 290-320Chisda The religious scholar indirectly mentions LCF. 
    • 320-350Abun bar Ḥiyya The rabbi notes the presence of LCF in the even-toed ungulate - the deer.
    • 320-350Aha The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 375-425Jerusalem Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals.
    • 375-425Ravina The rabbi speaks about the presence of the LCF and explains how it differs from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 386Ambrosius Mediolanensis The author mentions LCF of the animal.
    • 386-397John Chrysostom The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. 
    • 4cent.Gothic Bible A Gothic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 4-5cent.Ethiopic Bible The Ethiopic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 398-405Jerome of Stridon The Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 435Armenian Bible The ancient Armenian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 450-550Babylonian Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location, role, distal attachment area, and the possibility of damage.
    • 5-6cent.Georgian Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.  
    • 862-885Cyril_Methodius An Old Slavonic terms that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 893-927Gregory the Presbyter An Old Slavonic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 927-942Arabic Bible The Arabic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 978Oshki Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals.
    • 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals.
    • 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals.
    • 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
    • 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos. 
    • 1190Rambam The author mentions a variant of the pathology LCF (גיד) in humans.
    • 1220-1260Hezekiah ben Manoah The author briefly mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
    • 1255-1285Sefer HaChinukh The author mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
    • 1290-1310Bahya ben Asher The author discusses the damage to the LCF (גיד), its strength, role and shape, mentioning the presence of this structure in animals.
    • 1270-1340Jacob ben Asher The author mentions LCF (גיד) damage in humans and notes its presence in animals.
    • 1482-1548BartenuraO The author refers to the LCF of animals using the term "גיד".
    • 1742Chaim_ben_Attar The author mentions the LCF of man and animal, calling this formation “גיד הנשה” (gid ha-nashe). 
    • 1802PaleyW Mention of the LCF in theological literature. 
    • 1922LeeserI The fragment from the Book of Genesis recounts the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). In the provided excerpt of the ancient text, for the first time in history, the injury to the LCF of a man is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33). 
    • 2013MorrisonC_KookAI The rabbi writes about the mechanical function of the LCF in humans.
    • 2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions. 
    • 11.11.2025 
    • 2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN. Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?


MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

                                                             

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource   in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics.  January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation.   2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation .  2021PaezC_WengerDR The ar ticle analyzes the results of open reconstruction of LCF in dysplasia.   2008DoddsMK...
Post a Comment
Read more

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

  Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland       CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Introduction [iii]   Materials and Methods [iv]   Results and Discussion [v]   Static Tests [vi]   Dynamic Tests [vii]   Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii]   Conclusion [ix]   References [x]   Application [i]   Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...
Post a Comment
Read more

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

  Content [i]   Annotation [ii]   Original text [iii]   References [iv]   Source  &  links [v]   Notes [vi]   Authors & Affiliations [vii]   Keywords [i]   Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii]   Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...
Post a Comment
Read more

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

  Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results   Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F   CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Introduction [iii]   Materials and Methods [iv]   Surgical technique & Results [v]   Discussion & Conclusion [vi]   References [vii]   Application [i]   Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...
Post a Comment
Read more

LCF in 2025 (June)

  LCF in 2025 ( June )   (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space.  Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027.    [i]     academic.oup.com   Iglesias, C.  J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION.   EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013    [ii]       researchgate.net   Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...
Post a Comment
Read more

1724FabriciusJA

Fragments from the book Fabricius JA. Bibliothecae Graecae volume duodecimum (1724). The author quotes the Byzantine physician Theophilus Protospatharius, who supposedly lived between the 7th and 10th centuries. Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its inherent connective function.   [Grc] θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος . Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς . Βιβλιον Ε . XIII, [p. 892] (see fig.) [Lat] Theophilus Protospatharius. De corporis humani fabrica, Liber quintus, Cap. XIII [p. 892] 1) Dei erga homines amor ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum adstringensque, ne facile elabatur:» 2) inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes & solae, qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur, sed latae, valenter que heminae oras ad commissurae praesidium ambientes.   Translation [Eng] 1) For the sake ...
Post a Comment
Read more

2011HosalkarHS_WengerDR

  Content [i]   Annotation [ii]   Original text [iii]   References [iv]   Source  &  links [v]   Notes [vi]   Authors & Affiliations [vii]   Keywords [i]   Annotation Abstract of the article: Hosalkar HS et al . Isocentric reattachment of ligamentum teres: a porcine study (2011). The article describes a method of isocentric fixation of the proximal end of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) during plastic surgery in an experiment on pigs. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2011HosalkarHS_WengerDR . [ii]   Original text Abstract Background: Recent reports reveal interest in the mechanical importance of ligamentum teres (LT) in hip dislocation. In the previously established procedure of anteroinferior acetabular LT reattachment in developmental dysplasia of the hip, the LT functions as a check-rein, showing promising results. However, this position of reattachment could potentially limit motion. Th...
Post a Comment
Read more

2007WengerD_OkaetR

  Content [i]   Annotation [ii]   Original text [iii]   References [iv]   Source  &  links [v]   Notes [vi]   Authors & Affiliations [vii]   Keywords [i]   Annotation Abstract of the article: Wenger D et al . The mechanical properties of the ligamentum teres: a pilot study to assess its potential for improving stability in children’s hip surgery (2007). The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2007WengerD_OkaetR . [ii]   Original text Abstract The anatomic and histological characteristics of the ligamentum teres and its vascular contributions to the femoral head have been well described. The function of the ligamentum teres remains poorly understood. Although excision is the current standard in treating complete developme...
Post a Comment
Read more

2012FrederickP_KelmanDC

   Invention (Patent): Frederick P, Belew K, Jasper L, Gatewood J, Gibson L, Masonis J, Cooper M, Kelman DC. Methods and apparatus for FAI surgeries.  US20120283840A1   (2012).   US20120283840A1 US Inventors: Phillip Frederick, Kevin Belew, Lauren Jasper, James Gatewood, Luke Gibson, John Masonis, Michael Cooper, David C. Kelman Current Assignee: Smith and Nephew Inc Worldwide applications 2010 KR JP RU BR CA US CN EP CN WO AU 2014 US 2016 AU 2017 AU Application US13/202,612 events: 2010-02-25 Заявка подана Smith and Nephew Inc 2010-02-25 Приоритет US13/202,612 2012-11-08 Публикация US20120283840A1 2014-12-02 Заявка удовлетворена 2014-12-02 Публикация US8900320B2 Статус: Активный 2031-06-08 Измененный срок действия   Methods and apparatus for FAI surgeries Phillip Frederick, Kevin Belew, Lauren Jasper, James Gatewood, Luke Gibson, John Masonis, Michael Cooper, David C. Kelman   Abstract A partial rim implant for an acetabulum in a pelvic bone comprise...
Post a Comment
Read more

LCF in 2024 (June)

  LCF in 2024 ( June ) Publications about the LCF 2024 . Ariyaratne, S., Nischal, N., Patel, A., Botchu, R., Davies, A.M. (2024). Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions. ( pp. 1–39) . In: Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.   [i] link.springer.com Alrashdi, N., Motl, R., Aguiar, E., Lein Jr, D., Perumean-Chaney, S., Ryan, M., & Ithurburn, M. (2024). Pre-and Post-Operative Pain Intensity and Physical Activity Levels in Individuals with Acetabular Dysplasia Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Prospective Cohort Study.  International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy , 19(6), 692. [ii]   ijspt.scholasticahq.com Powell, J., Kent, T., & Hanson, C. (2024). Dysfunction, Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of the Hip Complex: Nonsurgical and Surgical. In: Wallmann, H., & Donatelli, R. (Ed). Foundations of Orthopedic Physical Therapy. Taylor & Francis, 211-236. [iii]   books.google SEN., E., SEVER, S. N., TURHAN, B., CİRAK, M. T., & GOL...
Post a Comment
Read more