MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

(Erroneous and folkloric beliefs, folk and traditional stories...)

LCF in English Bibles The first written mention of the LCF in humans is found in the ancient Hebrew book – Bereshit (Genesis). In English translations of the Bible, LCF is denoted by various terms, often not explicitly referring to the «ligament».
The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII In the selected excerpt, the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnostic test for the injury to LCF are provided, along with details about the circumstances, time, and place of the biblical trauma.
1609-1583bcProtoBereshit Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
922-722bcElohist A variant of the oldest description of damage to the LCF and the cause of lameness in Hebrew, dating from 922-722 BC.
8cent.bcHomer The poet describes an open hip fracture-dislocation, which is usually accompanied by damage to the LCF.
650-570bcJeremiah_Baruch The editors of the book of Bereishit mention the LCF of the animal.
5-2cent.bcSamaritan Pentateuch The Samaritan text contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human.
445bсEzra An extreme Hebrew version of a passage from the Book of Bereshit mentioning the LCF of an animal and a human.
3-1cent.bcSeptuaginta The text in ancient Greek contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human.
0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
50-135Akiva ben Joseph The rabbi mentions the LCF of the animal.
80-110Eliezer ben Hyrcanus The author indicates the location of the LCF and describes its injury.
80-120Targum Onkelos The Aramaic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
93-94JosephusF The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
1-2cent.Vetus Latina The oldest Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
1-3cent.Peshitta The Syriac text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
135-170Yehudah ben Ilai The religious scholar points out the distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of the possibility of its injury.
150-250Targum Jonathan The mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
165-257Shmuel Babylonian physician demonstrates knowledge of LCF injury, identifies topography and distal attachment site.
190-230Mishnah Chullin Selected quotations discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location and distal attachment site.
200Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
2-3cent.Coptic Bible The Coptic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
220-299Yehuda ben Yechezkel The religious scholar points out the location of the LCF in animals and distinguishes it from the sciatic nerve.
220-320Kahana The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve.
250-350Sifra The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
280-352Rava The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of its function.
290-320Chisda The religious scholar indirectly mentions LCF.
320-350Abun bar Ḥiyya The rabbi notes the presence of LCF in the even-toed ungulate - the deer.
320-350Aha The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve.
375-425Jerusalem Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals.
375-425Ravina The rabbi speaks about the presence of the LCF and explains how it differs from the sciatic nerve.
386Ambrosius Mediolanensis The author mentions LCF of the animal.
386-397John Chrysostom The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
4cent.Gothic Bible A Gothic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
4-5cent.Ethiopic Bible The Ethiopic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
398-405Jerome of Stridon The Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
435Armenian Bible The ancient Armenian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
450-550Babylonian Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location, role, distal attachment area, and the possibility of damage.
5-6cent.Georgian Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
862-885Cyril_Methodius An Old Slavonic terms that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
893-927Gregory the Presbyter An Old Slavonic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
927-942Arabic Bible The Arabic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
978Oshki Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals.
1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals.
1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals.
1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos.
1190Rambam The author mentions a variant of the pathology LCF (גיד) in humans.
1220-1260Hezekiah ben Manoah The author briefly mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
1255-1285Sefer HaChinukh The author mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
1290-1310Bahya ben Asher The author discusses the damage to the LCF (גיד), its strength, role and shape, mentioning the presence of this structure in animals.
1270-1340Jacob ben Asher The author mentions LCF (גיד) damage in humans and notes its presence in animals.
1482-1548BartenuraO The author refers to the LCF of animals using the term "גיד".
1742Chaim_ben_Attar The author mentions the LCF of man and animal, calling this formation “גיד הנשה” (gid ha-nashe).
1802PaleyW Mention of the LCF in theological literature.
1922LeeserI The fragment from the Book of Genesis recounts the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). In the provided excerpt of the ancient text, for the first time in history, the injury to the LCF of a man is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33).
2013MorrisonC_KookAI The rabbi writes about the mechanical function of the LCF in humans.
2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions.
2025Arkhipov SV. Physicians Who Became Gods: Rational-Critical Theology.
11.11.2025
2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN. Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

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IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP JOINT WITHOUT LCF

Biomechanics of the hip joint without LCF Do you remember the comparison of the ligamentum teres with the spring element of a cart? ( 1874SavoryWS ). An analogy could arise after reading the book Bell J. The Principles of Surgery (1801) . Most orthopedists still think so. For more details see: https://roundligament.blogspot.com/2024/04/1836-1840partridger.html & 1836-1840PartridgeR (remembering the history of orthopedics) #ligamentum_teres #ligamentum_capitis_femoris #hip #biomechanics Publication in the facebook group 03/28/2025. ...

11th-15th Century

11th-15th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 11th century 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation. 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals. 12 th century 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals. 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals. 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks abo...

1996(r)ArkhipovSV

METHOD OF PELVIS OSTEOTOMY (Способ остеотомии таза) Patent Application RU96120699A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96120699/14A events 1996-10-01 Application filed by С . В . Архипов 1999-01-20 Publication of RU96120699A Claims The method of pelvic osteotomy by complete intersection of the ilium above the capsule and acetabulum, characterized in that after arthrotomy of the hip joint the hip bones additionally intersect in front and behind the acetabulum, as well as above it between the capsule and limb, with the displacement of the formed intermediate fragment laterally and osteosynthesis fragments, in addition, plastic or prosthetics of the ligament of the femoral head can be performed, and an osteograft can be fixed over the intermediate fragment. Description of the invention Description in Russian is available at the link: 1996(r) АрхиповСВ (the blog has a translation function)....

The First Scientific Mention

European science has known the LCF for about 2500 years. It is the most important functional connection of the hip joint. The first person to describe the LCF was Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). A written mention of the LCF is found in §1 of his treatise "On the Instrument of redactions". In our opinion, a book created in the library of the Asclepeion of the island of Kos. Hippocrates did not dissection of the human body, did not operate on the hip joint, did not have a CT scan and MRI. How he could discover the LCF? In our view, it is possible that Hippocrates treated a patient with an open hip dislocation. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip dislocation . ...

163-192Galen

Fragment from the treatise Galen. On anatomical procedures (Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων, ca. 163-192). The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and also notes its connective function. See our commentary at the link: 163-192Galen [Rus], and 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote [Grc] Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων. Βιβλιον B. K εφ . ι ʹ . Αλλά χρή σε, καθάπερ επί της χειρός επεσκέψω τους συνδέσμους των οστών, ούτω και νυν επισκέψασθαι πασών των γεγυμνωμένων διαρθρώσεων, πρώτης μεν της κατ' ισχίον, εχούσης ένα μεν εν κύκλω σύνδεσμον, απάντων των άρθρων κοινόν, (ουδέν γάρ έστιν, ότω μή περιβέβληται τοιούτος σύνδεσμος,) έτερον δε τον διά του βάθους εν τη διαρθρώσει κατακεκρυμμένον, ος συνάπτει την κεφαλήν του μηρού τη κατ' ισχίον κοιλότητι, πάνυ σκληρός ών, ώς ήδη δύνασθαι λέγεσθαι νεύρον χονδρώδες. (original source: 1821KühnCG, pp. 328-329) [Lat] De Anatomicis Administrationibus. Liber II. Cap. X. Verum considerare te convenit, ut i...

LCF in English Bibles

The primary source for translating the Bible into English is the Hebrew literary monument Torah. In its first part, the Book of Bereshit (32:33 ) , there is a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which in Hebrew is called « גיד » (gheed, gid) (1923, 2004PreussJ; 2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Probably one of the earliest written translations of the Bible into Old English was made by Ælfric of Eynsham, who worked approximately between 955–1010 CE (1050Aelfric’s). In Aelfric's Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase, the Hebrew concept of « גיד » [gheed], that is, LCF, is mentioned twice in the 25th and 32nd verses of the XXXII Chapter of the Book of Genesis and is called «sine» ( Figure 1, 2 ). In Middle English, translators Nicholas of Hereford and John Wycliffe named LCF as «synwe», and in John Purvey's Bible edition - «senewe» (1850ForshallJ_MaddenF). In Bibles in Early Modern English, LCF is designated as «senow» and «senowe» (1530TyndaleW; 1535CoverdaleM; 1...

1185-1235David Kimchi

Fragments from the book David Kimchi «Radak on Genesis» (no later 1235). The treatise - commentary on the Tanakh, was written between about 1185-1235 years in French ( sefaria.org ). The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos. See our commentary at the link: 1185- 1235David Kimchi [Rus]. Quote. [Heb] Genesis . Chapter 32:33.1 -3 1. על כן לא יאכלו בני ישראל , בני יעקב אסרוהו על עצמן לכבוד אביהם שלקה בו והם צוו לבניהם ( כמצות יהונדב בן רכב לבניו שלא ישתו יין ), ונאסר להם ולבניהם ולבני בניהם עד עולם , וכתבו משה רבינו בתורה על פי ה ', אבל לפירז " ל בסיני נצטוו וכתבה במקומו להודיע הטעם שנאסר בעבורו . 2. גיד הנשה , ארז " ל כי נקרא כן לפי שנשה ממקומ ועלה ( ב " ר ע " ע ) כלומר נעל ונעלה על הכף שהוא דבק בו . 3. אשר על כף הירך , אינו אסור מן התורה אלא אשר על הכף בלבד אבל לא מה שלמעלה ממנו ושלמטה המנו , וכן גיד החיצון כולו אינו אסו...

The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII

The chosen fragment records ancient views on the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnosis of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury. The author describes the emotional status, work capacity of the patient, circumstances, time, and place of the injury, as a physician in the modern medical record (Genesis 32:8-33:20). Further in the text, apparently, a pathoanatomical investigation is mentioned, confirming the antemortem diagnosis, place of dissection (Genesis 50:2-3), as well as the location of the burial of embalmed remains (Genesis 50:13). Our comments on chapters 32-33 are presented in the table. The quotes are based on the translation of the Book of Bereshit (Genesis) from Hebrew by Isaac Leeser (1922). The shortest comments Quotes from the original source Emotional status and the name of injured person. 32:8 Then Jacob was greatly afraid, and he felt distress...

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