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MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

 

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

(Erroneous and folkloric beliefs, folk and traditional stories...) 


    • LCF in English Bibles The first written mention of the LCF in humans is found in the ancient Hebrew book – Bereshit (Genesis). In English translations of the Bible, LCF is denoted by various terms, often not explicitly referring to the «ligament». 
    • The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII In the selected excerpt, the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnostic test for the injury to LCF are provided, along with details about the circumstances, time, and place of the biblical trauma. 
    • 1609-1583bcProtoBereshit Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance. 
    • 922-722bcElohist A variant of the oldest description of damage to the LCF and the cause of lameness in Hebrew, dating from 922-722 BC. 
    • 8cent.bcHomer The poet describes an open hip fracture-dislocation, which is usually accompanied by damage to the LCF.
    • 650-570bcJeremiah_Baruch The editors of the book of Bereishit mention the LCF of the animal. 
    • 5-2cent.bcSamaritan Pentateuch The Samaritan text contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 445bсEzra An extreme Hebrew version of a passage from the Book of Bereshit mentioning the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 3-1cent.bcSeptuaginta The text in ancient Greek contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
    • 50-135Akiva ben Joseph The rabbi mentions the LCF of the animal. 
    • 80-110Eliezer ben Hyrcanus The author indicates the location of the LCF and describes its injury. 
    • 80-120Targum Onkelos The Aramaic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 93-94JosephusF The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. 
    • 1-2cent.Vetus Latina The oldest Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 2cent.Mur1. A fragment of the Dead Sea Scroll containing the text of the final part of the 32nd chapter of the Book of Genesis with a mention of LCF.
    • 1-3cent.Peshitta The Syriac text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 135-170Yehudah ben Ilai The religious scholar points out the distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of the possibility of its injury. 
    • 150-250Targum Jonathan The mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
    • 165-257Shmuel Babylonian physician demonstrates knowledge of LCF injury, identifies topography and distal attachment site. 
    • 190-230Mishnah Chullin Selected quotations discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. 
    • 200Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal. 
    • 2-3cent.Coptic Bible The Coptic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 220-299Yehuda ben Yechezkel The religious scholar points out the location of the LCF in animals and distinguishes it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 220-320Kahana The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 250-350Sifra The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
    • 280-352Rava The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of its function. 
    • 290-320Chisda The religious scholar indirectly mentions LCF. 
    • 320-350Abun bar Ḥiyya The rabbi notes the presence of LCF in the even-toed ungulate - the deer.
    • 320-350Aha The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 375-425Jerusalem Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals.
    • 375-425Ravina The rabbi speaks about the presence of the LCF and explains how it differs from the sciatic nerve. 
    • 386Ambrosius Mediolanensis The author mentions LCF of the animal.
    • 386-397John Chrysostom The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. 
    • 4cent.Gothic Bible A Gothic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 4-5cent.Ethiopic Bible The Ethiopic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 398-405Jerome of Stridon The Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 435Armenian Bible The ancient Armenian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 450-550Babylonian Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location, role, distal attachment area, and the possibility of damage.
    • 5-6cent.Georgian Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.  
    • 862-885Cyril_Methodius An Old Slavonic terms that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human. 
    • 893-927Gregory the Presbyter An Old Slavonic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 927-942Arabic Bible The Arabic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 978Oshki Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
    • 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals.
    • 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals.
    • 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals.
    • 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
    • 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos. 
    • 1190Rambam The author mentions a variant of the pathology LCF (גיד) in humans.
    • 1220-1260Hezekiah ben Manoah The author briefly mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
    • 1255-1285Sefer HaChinukh The author mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
    • 1290-1310Bahya ben Asher The author discusses the damage to the LCF (גיד), its strength, role and shape, mentioning the presence of this structure in animals.
    • 1270-1340Jacob ben Asher The author mentions LCF (גיד) damage in humans and notes its presence in animals.
    • 1482-1548BartenuraO The author refers to the LCF of animals using the term "גיד".
    • 1742Chaim_ben_Attar The author mentions the LCF of man and animal, calling this formation “גיד הנשה” (gid ha-nashe). 
    • 1753AstrucJ In analyzing the book of Genesis, the author cites a French text mentioning a hip injury, damage to the LCF, and the consequences of an accident. 
    • 1802PaleyW Mention of the LCF in theological literature. 
    • 1922LeeserI The fragment from the Book of Genesis recounts the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). In the provided excerpt of the ancient text, for the first time in history, the injury to the LCF of a man is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33). 
    • 1948EpsteinI The editor comments on the words of Rabbi Samuel (Shmuel) in the tractate Hullin of the Babylonian Talmud, explaining the location of the LCF in relation to the joint and its differences from the sciatic nerve.
    • 2013MorrisonC_KookAI The rabbi writes about the mechanical function of the LCF in humans.
    • 2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions. 




                                                             

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NEWS 2024-2025

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LCF in 2026 (May)

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Localization of LCF Pathology

  Version : 20240418 Localization of LCF pathology is classified based on the anatomical-topographical principle. It is assumed that the LCF does not end near the attachment site but penetrates into it. LOCALIZATION OF LCF PATHOLOGY 1. Middle part 2. Distal end 3. Proximal end 4. Distal attachment area 5. Proximal attachment area 6. Medial surface 7. Lateral surface 8. Anterior edge 9. Posterior edge 10. Transsynovial 11. Subsynovial 12. Total Lesion The medial surface faces the bottom of the acetabulum. The lateral surface faces the femoral head. Transsynovial pathology implies changes including or only involving the synovial membrane. Subsynovial pathology is localized exclusively beneath the synovial membrane of LCF. Pathology can involve multiple parts of LCF, for example, damage to the distal end and proximal attachment area in a transacetabular fracture.   The distal part of LCF attaches directly to the bone of fovea capitis femoris. Along...
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1898AshhurstJ

    Report Ashhurst J. Tuberculosis of the hip joint (1898). The author discusses the function of the LCF as a supporting element of the body, its role in the development of deformity of the hip joint, reducing pressure and stress in the femoral head. The most notable quotes:  «Of course, the whole weight of the body is not sustained by this ligament, but mostly by the head of the femur in more or less close contact with the cotyloid cavity; but this ligament, I believe, serves to diminish the pressure of the pelvis upon the head of the bone, and to lessen strain. The position of the ligamentum teres is like that of the old-fasioned leather springs which used to be found in stage- coaches, the body of the coach being balanced upon two broad strong bands of leather. The pelvis is to a certain extent similarly balanced upon these ligaments on either side, which are attached to the heads of the thigh- bones, and then pass down to the lower edges of the cotyloid cavities. I b...
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1879BischoffTLW

  A fragment from the work by Bischoff TLW. Beiträge zur Anatomie des Gorilla (1879). The paper discusses the size of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of gorilla.   Quote p. 1 8. [Deu] 5. Muskeln der unteren Extremität. Ich erwähne zunächst, dass mein Gorilla an dem mehr als eine Halbkugel bildenden Schenkelkopf ein ansehnlich langes Ligam. teres besitzt. Translation [Eng] 5. Muscles of the lower limbs. First of all, I would like to point out that my gorilla has a rather long round ligament on the head of the femur, which forms more than one hemisphere. External links Bischoff TLW. Beiträge zur Anatomie des Gorilla. Abh. d. II. Cl. d. k. Ak. d. Wiss. XIII. Bd. III. Abth. Munchen: Verlag der Akademie, in Commission bei G. Franz. 1879. zobodat.at Authors & Affiliations Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff (1807-1882) was a German physician and biologist. wikipedia.org Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff  (circa  870).  Unknown author;  original in the...
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2025ChatGPT. Baroque

  2025ChatGPT, painting «Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in Baroque Style». Depiction of the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in Baroque Style. Created in collaboration with the ChatGPT langua...
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1823GerdyPN

  The author mentions their observation of the displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum outwards when the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is stretched. Continuing experimental research, P.N. Gerdy discovered that the LCF, when stretched during adduction, also displaces the femur in the caudal direction (see 1833GerdyPN ). The translation from German was done in collaboration with ChatGPT 3.5.   Gerdy PN. Recherches, discussions, et propositions d'Anatomie, de Physiologie, de Pathologie, etc. Paris: Béchet, 1823. [fragment] Quote pp. 9 5 PROPOSITIONS La luxation du fémur en haut et en dehors est plus facile que celle en bas et en dedans, surtout parce que le ligament interarticulaire tend à s enrouler autour de la tête du femur, dans une violente adduction et qu il tire l os en dehors. Je m en suis assuré par l observation directe.   ASSUMPTIONS Dislocating the femur upwards and outwards is easier...
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1750DrakeJ

  Fragment from the book Drake J. Anthropologia nova: or, a new system of anatomy. … The Third Edition Corrected. (1750). The author does not name the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), but accurately describes its appearance (short, thick, and round), and indicates the attachment points. Quote p. 432 CHAP. VIII. Of the Bones and Muscles of the Thigh, Leg and Foot … The first of these is the largest and most prominent, and has a large round Head, capp’d with a Cartilage, which is receiv’d into the Acetabulum or Socket, at the Ischium or Os Coxendicis; to which it is fastned by two Ligaments: One broad, thick, and membranous, surrounding the whole Edge of the Acetabulum, and Head of the Bone: The other short, thick, and round, springing from the bottom of the Acetabulum, by the side of the Mucilaginous Gland, (which is here the most considerable of the whole Body) and is inserted into the middle of the Cartilaginous Head. The Epiphysis, or Neck of the Bone on which this Head is seate...
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1851HyrtlJ

  The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. J. Hyrtl believed that it was impossible to completely dislocate the hip without tearing the LCF. Hyrtl J. Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, mit Rücksicht auf physiologische Begründung und praktische Anwendung. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1851. [fragment] Quote p. 265 In der Höhle des Gelenks liegt das runde Band des Schenkelkopfes (Lig. teres), welches an der Incisura acetabuli entspringt, und bei richtiger Neigung des Beckens, senkrecht zur Grube des Schenkelkopfes aufsteigt. Es beschränkt dieses Band die Zuziehung des Schenkels, und schreibt zugleich den durch die Incisura acetabuli eindringenden Blutgefässen den Weg vor, den sie zum Oberschenkelkopfe zu nehmen haben. Da das Band, wenn es in die Höhle des Gelenkes vorragen würde, durch Reibung viel zu leiden hätte, so...
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16th Century

  16th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period        1500-1509 1510-1519 1510Leonardo_da_Vinci  In the drawing, a uthor  depicted the distal fragment of the LCF. 1520-1529 1521Berengario da CarpiJ  The author comments on the treatise by Mondino de Luzzi, describes the form, role and symptoms of LCF damage.  1527BenedettiA  The author explains the origin of the rare synonym of LCF – ischion.    1530-1539 1540-1549 1541MondinoL_DryanderJ  An early description of the anatomy and role of the LCF is presented.  1541PolluxJ  In Greek the author calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the translator designates the concept of «ligament/sinew» with the term «neruus». 1543(a)VesaliusA  The author describes the anatomy, attachment, properties and role of LCF, also interprets its synonyms.  1543(b)VesaliusA  The author describes the attachment and shape of the LCF.  1544GuidiG  The author p...
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