MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

(Erroneous and folkloric beliefs, folk and traditional stories...)

LCF in English Bibles The first written mention of the LCF in humans is found in the ancient Hebrew book – Bereshit (Genesis). In English translations of the Bible, LCF is denoted by various terms, often not explicitly referring to the «ligament».
The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII In the selected excerpt, the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnostic test for the injury to LCF are provided, along with details about the circumstances, time, and place of the biblical trauma.
1609-1583bcProtoBereshit Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
922-722bcElohist A variant of the oldest description of damage to the LCF and the cause of lameness in Hebrew, dating from 922-722 BC.
8cent.bcHomer The poet describes an open hip fracture-dislocation, which is usually accompanied by damage to the LCF.
650-570bcJeremiah_Baruch The editors of the book of Bereishit mention the LCF of the animal.
5-2cent.bcSamaritan Pentateuch The Samaritan text contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human.
445bсEzra An extreme Hebrew version of a passage from the Book of Bereshit mentioning the LCF of an animal and a human.
3-1cent.bcSeptuaginta The text in ancient Greek contains references to the LCF of an animal and a human.
50-135Akiva ben Joseph The rabbi mentions the LCF of the animal.
80-110Eliezer ben Hyrcanus The author indicates the location of the LCF and describes its injury.
80-120Targum Onkelos The Aramaic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
93-94JosephusF The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
1-2cent.Vetus Latina The oldest Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
1-3cent.Peshitta The Syriac text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
135-170Yehudah ben Ilai The religious scholar points out the distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of the possibility of its injury.
150-250Targum Jonathan The mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
165-257Shmuel Babylonian physician demonstrates knowledge of LCF injury, identifies topography and distal attachment site.
190-230Mishnah Chullin Selected quotations discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location and distal attachment site.
200Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
2-3cent.Coptic Bible The Coptic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
220-299Yehuda ben Yechezkel The religious scholar points out the location of the LCF in animals and distinguishes it from the sciatic nerve.
220-320Kahana The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve.
250-350Sifra The passage we have chosen mentions the LCF of the animal.
280-352Rava The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the LCF and demonstrates knowledge of its function.
290-320Chisda The religious scholar indirectly mentions LCF.
320-350Abun bar Ḥiyya The rabbi notes the presence of LCF in the even-toed ungulate - the deer.
320-350Aha The rabbi points out the location of the LCF and knows how to differentiate it from the sciatic nerve.
375-425Jerusalem Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals.
375-425Ravina The rabbi speaks about the presence of the LCF and explains how it differs from the sciatic nerve.
386Ambrosius Mediolanensis The author mentions LCF of the animal.
386-397John Chrysostom The author mentions LCF in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human.
4cent.Gothic Bible A Gothic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
4-5cent.Ethiopic Bible The Ethiopic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
398-405Jerome of Stridon The Latin text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
435Armenian Bible The ancient Armenian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
450-550Babylonian Talmud The rabbis discuss the presence of LCF in different animals, its location, role, distal attachment area, and the possibility of damage.
5-6cent.Georgian Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
862-885Cyril_Methodius An Old Slavonic terms that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
893-927Gregory the Presbyter An Old Slavonic term that may have been used to refer to the LCF of an animal and a human.
927-942Arabic Bible The Arabic text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
978Oshki Bible The ancient Georgian text contains mentioned to LCF of an animal and a human.
1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals.
1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals.
1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals.
1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve.
1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos.
1190Rambam The author mentions a variant of the pathology LCF (גיד) in humans.
1220-1260Hezekiah ben Manoah The author briefly mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
1255-1285Sefer HaChinukh The author mentions LCF (גיד) of animals.
1290-1310Bahya ben Asher The author discusses the damage to the LCF (גיד), its strength, role and shape, mentioning the presence of this structure in animals.
1270-1340Jacob ben Asher The author mentions LCF (גיד) damage in humans and notes its presence in animals.
1482-1548BartenuraO The author refers to the LCF of animals using the term "גיד".
1742Chaim_ben_Attar The author mentions the LCF of man and animal, calling this formation “גיד הנשה” (gid ha-nashe).
1802PaleyW Mention of the LCF in theological literature.
1922LeeserI The fragment from the Book of Genesis recounts the journey of the family of Patriarch Jacob from Charan to Canaan (Gen. 31:1 – 33:20). In the provided excerpt of the ancient text, for the first time in history, the injury to the LCF of a man is mentioned (Gen. 32:26,33).
2013MorrisonC_KookAI The rabbi writes about the mechanical function of the LCF in humans.
2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions.

Comments

1969DeeR

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Article : Dee R. Structure and function of hip joint innervation (1969). The author discusses the nervous system of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its role in hip biomechanics. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1969DeeR . [ii] Original text STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HIP JOINT INNERVATION Arnott Demonstration delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 4th February 1969 by Roger Dee , M.A., F.R.C.S. Neurologcal Laboratory, Royal College of Surgeons of England, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Middlesex Hospital, London In 1885 JAMES ARNOTT, surgeon to the Middlesex Hospital and one of the founders of its Medical School, endowed a series of lectures to be given at the Royal College of Surge...

LCF in 2025 (August)

LCF in 2025 ( August ) (Quotes from articles and books published in August 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Castro, A., de Melo, C., & Leal, F. (2025). Complications in hip Arthroscopy: Recognizing and managing adverse events. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma , 103144. [i] journal-cot.com Negayama, T., Nishimura, H., Murata, Y., Nakayama, K., Takada, S., Nakashima, H., ... & Uchida, S. (2025). Factors associated with treatment failure after hip arthroscopic surgery for the patient with femoroacetabular impingement secondary to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Journal of ISAKOS , 100937. [ii] jisakos.com Wegman, S. J., Shaikh, H., Brodell Jr, J. D., Cook, P. C., & Giordano, B. D. (2025). Femoral head osteochondral allograft transplantation with and without simultaneous periacetabular osteotomy: a case series. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf037. [iii] ...

1914JonesFW_MorrisH

We are publishing a chapter from the fifth edition of «Morris's Human Anatomy» (1914). A significant portion of it is dedicated to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The original text has been edited by Wood Jones. Particularly notable are the illustrations depicting the LCF. Some of them are improved drawings by the first author ( 1879MorrisH ). Quote pp. 276-284 1. THE HIP-JOINT Class. — Diarthrosis. Subdivision. — Enarthrodia. The hip is the most typical example of a ball-and-socket joint in the body, the round head of the femur being received into the cup-shaped cavity of the acetabulum. Both articular surfaces are coated with cartilage, that covering the head of the femur being thicker above where it has to bear the weight of the body, and thinning out to a mere edge below; the pit for the ligamentum teres is the only part uncoated, but the cartilage is somewhat heaped up around its margin. Covering the acetabulum, the cartilage is horseshoe-shaped, a...

1679DiemerbroeckI

Fragments from the book Diemerbroeck I. Anatome corporis humani (1679). The author describes the pathology variants, function, topography and attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The damage to the LCF in hip dislocation, symptoms and treatment are discussed. The text is similar to a paraphrase of Hegetor's work «On Causes» and Galen of Pergamon's commentary on Hippocrates' treatise «On Joints» ( 1745CocchiA ; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV ). Isbrand van Diemerbroeck uses many synonyms for LCF: nervus cartilaginosus, terete, teres, rotundum ligamentum, interius ligamentum. Quote p. 593. [Lat] CAPUT XIX. De Ossibus Femoris, & Cruris. Superius procesum crassum, versus coxendicis os prominentem, eique epiphyin rotundam & amplam impositam habet, sicque globosum femoris caput, valida cervice subnixum, constituit, quod cartilagine obductum in coxendicis acetabulum reconditur, in eoque duobus validis ligamentis detinetur: uno lato, crasso, & membranoso, ...

1844CruveilhierJ

Fragments from the book Cruveilhier J. The Anatomy of the Human Body (1844). The author discusses the anatomy and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Quote p. 94 The head (i, figs. 49 and 50) is the most regularly spheroidal of all the eminences in the skeleton, and forms nearly two thirds of a sphere. In the middle of it we observe a rough depression (k) of variable dimensions, which gives attachment to the round ligament. Quote pp. 159-162 COXO-FEMORAL ARTICULATION (fig. 76). Preparation. Remove with care all the muscles that surround the joint, preserving the reflected tendon of the rectus femoris. The psoas and iliacus muscles, the synovial capsule of which so often communicates with the articular synovial membrane, must be removed with particular care. After the fibrous capsule has been studied upon its external surface, a circular division should be made round its middle portion, for the purpose of uncovering the deep-situated parts. This articulation is the ...

1900BetheE

Fragments of t he book Pollux J. Onomasticum (166-76) edited by E. Bethe (1900). In Greek the author calls ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / ν εῦρα ». The term «ἰσχίον» was used by Rufus of Ephesus ( 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV ). The fragment of the Onomasticum dealing with the LCF was quoted by Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia ( 1603IngrassiaeIP ) . See our commentary at the link: 1900 BetheE [Rus]. Quote 1. Βιβλίου Β. 186-187 [Grc] καιλεῖται δὲ καὶ τὸ νεῦρον τὸ σ υνέχον τὴν κοτύλην πρὸ σ τὸν μηρὸν ἰ σ χίον. ὁμώνυμον δ’ ἐ σ τιν αύτῷ καὶ τὸ ἄρθρον. καὶ τὸ μὲν [τῇ] κοτύλῃ [ σ υνηρμο σ μένον] ὀ σ τοῦν σ τρογγύλον μηροῦ κεφαλὴ, μηρὸ σ δὲ τὸ ἁπ ὸ το ύ το υ μὲχρ ι γονάτων μὲρο σ , … (original source: 1900BetheE , pp. 140-141 ) Quote 2. Βιβλίου Β. 234 [Grc] Νεῦρα δ’ ἐστι σύνδεσμος ὀστῶν εἴκων τε καὶ τεινόμενος, ἀφ ̓ ὧν κ...

1880HyrtlJ

Fragments from the book Hyrtl J. Onomatologia anatomica (1880). The author describes the various synonyms of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), before the entire ligamentum teres. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. Quote p. 279 Im Rufus Ephesius treffen wir Ischium als Hüftgelenk, und als Band, welches den Schenkel mit dem Hüftbein verbindet: καὶ τὸ νεῦρον (Band), καὶ ὃλον τὸ ἄρθρον . ( see 1581CrassoPI; 1879DarenbergCV_RuelleCE; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Quote pp. 504-505 Alle übrigen Bänder dieses Namens, wie das Ligamentum suspensorium hepatis, lienis, processus odontoidei, capitis femoris, und mehrere andere, hangen die betreffenden Organe nieht auf, tragensic auch nieht, weil sie nie in die Lage kom...

1976CrelinES

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Article : Crelin ES. An experimental study of hip stability in human newborn cadavers (1976). The author described an experimental study of the role of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in stabilizing the hip joint and its significance for the occurrence of congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1976CrelinES . [ii] Original text (in German) An Experimental Study of Hip Stability in Human Newborn Cadavers E. S. Crelin Sections of Gross Anatomy and Orthopaedic Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Received August 21, 1975 The less frequent variety of hip dislocation occurs before birth and may be associated with neuromuscular disorders such as arthrogr...

BIOMECHANICS AND MORPHOMECHANICS

BIOMECHANICS AND MORPHOMECHANICS (On the rela tionship between the mechanics and morphology of the hip joint... ) 1586PiccolominiA One of the first discussions of the biomechanics of the LCF with a description of its shape, mechanical properties and attachment. 1728 WaltherAF The selected excerpt discusses the anatomy, mechanical properties and function of the LCF. 1836WeberW_WeberE Fragments from the book that laid the foundation of biomechanics of the hip joint considering th e LCF. 1836-1840PartridgeR The author compared the LCF, in its function to a leathern straps by which the body of a carriage is suspended on springs . 1856MeyerGH The author of the modern theory of bio mechanics of the hip joint discusses the significant role of the LCF during walking and maintaining an upright posture. 1857TurnerW The fragment of the «Human Anatomy and Physiology» narrates the involvement of the LCF in distri...

1864MacalisterA

Content [i] Annotaction [ii] Original in English [iii] Translated into German [iv] Illustrations [v] Source & links [vi] Notes [vii] Authors & Affiliations [viii] Keywords [i] Annotaction Fragment of the article: Macalister A. On the anatomy of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) (1864). The author observed ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an ostrich. Its strength is noted, and its shape is described. Translation into Russian is available at the link: 1864MacalisterA . [ii] Original in English Quote, p. 22 The articulations of the lower extremity present many points of mechanical importance. The first, or the hip, is an enarthrosis, surrounded by a capsule, loose, expanding inferiorly; the synovial membrane spreads over the great trochanter; a strong transverse band passes from the border of the lesser sciatic notch to the upper and posterior edge of the acetab...

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