Fragments from the book David Kimchi «Radak on Genesis» (no later 1235). The treatise - commentary on the Tanakh, was written between about 1185-1235 years in French (sefaria.org). The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד), and also talks about its presence in adult animals and embryos. See our commentary at the link: 1185-1235David Kimchi [Rus].
Quote.
[Heb]
Genesis. Chapter 32:33.1-3
1. על כן לא יאכלו בני ישראל, בני יעקב אסרוהו על עצמן לכבוד אביהם שלקה בו והם צוו לבניהם (כמצות יהונדב בן רכב לבניו שלא ישתו יין), ונאסר להם ולבניהם ולבני בניהם עד עולם, וכתבו משה רבינו בתורה על פי ה', אבל לפירז" ל בסיני נצטוו וכתבה במקומו להודיע הטעם שנאסר בעבורו.
2. גיד הנשה, ארז"ל
כי נקרא כן לפי שנשה ממקומ ועלה ( ב"ר ע"ע ) כלומר נעל ונעלה על הכף שהוא דבק בו.
3. אשר על כף הירך, אינו אסור מן התורה אלא אשר על הכף בלבד אבל לא מה שלמעלה ממנו ושלמטה המנו, וכן גיד החיצון כולו אינו אסור אלא מדברי סופרים ונוהג בבהמה ובחיה ונוהג בשליל ונוהג בירך ימין ובירך של שמאל אע"פ שיעקב אבינו לא לקה אלא באחת שנאמר ויגע בכף ירכו. ומחלוקת בין רז"ל (שם) ר' יהודה אומר באחת מהן נגע ובאחת מהן נאסרו ר' יוסי אומר באחת מהן נגע ובשתיהן נאסרו והלכה כר' יוסי, וחלב הגיד נאסר מדברי סופרים: (original source: sefaria.org).
Translation
Quote.
[Eng]
Genesis. Chapter 32:33.1-3
1. על כן לא יאכלו בני ישראל, the children of
Yaakov adopted this prohibition for themselves in commemoration of their father
whose thigh muscle had been injured. They in turn commanded their children to
abstain from eating this part of any animal. This continued until the Torah was
given and it became law. It reminds us of the descendants of Yonadav ben Rechev
who faithfully adhered to the clan’s founding father’s injunction not to drink
wine (Jeremiah 35,6) in honour of the oath they swore to their forefather. They
are described as loyalists par excellence in the Book of Chronicles. Moses
recorded the custom of the Israelites not to eat this organ as one of the 613
commandments. Although the Torah does not generally consider it necessary to
justify G’d’s legislation with a reason, in this case, since this law had been
observed as a Jewish tribal custom for so many hundreds of years prior to the
giving of the Torah, we are told how the custom which became enshrined in Torah
law originated.
2. את גיד הנשה, our
sages in Chulin 91 explain the name of this muscle or ligament (sciatic nerve)
as due to the fact that it is apt to move from its original location, from the
spoon shaped joint to which it is attached.
3. אשר על כף הירך, the only part of the sinew prohibited by
Biblical injunction is the part directly attached to the hip joint. What is
above and below is forbidden by Rabbinic decree. Similarly, the exterior sinew
is also only forbidden by Rabbinic decree (Chulin 91) The prohibition applies
equally to domesticated beasts, free roaming beasts, as well as to the שליל, the as yet unborn embryo. The prohibition
applies to both the right and the left hind leg of the animal, even though the
sages are agreed that only one of Yaakov’s sciatic nerves was injured as seems
clear from the words (singular) “he dislocated the sinew of the thigh-vein.”
The halachic ruling follows the view of Rabbi Yossi that although only one
sinew was injured, they are both forbidden to be eaten. The fatty tissue on top
of these sinews is also forbidden as a Rabbinic injunction. (trans. Eliyahu
Munk (2003); original source: sefaria.org).
 |
| Comentar zur Genesis, 1842. |
External links
David Kimchi. Radak on Genesis (ca. 1185-1235). [sefaria.org]
Kimhi D. Comentar zur
Genesis…. Presburg: Gedrukt Bay A. Fon Shmid, 1842. [danwymanbooks.com]
Munk E. (Trans.) MIKRAOT GEDOLOT: Multi-Commentary on
the Torah - HaChut Hameshulash. Commentaries on the Torah by Rabbeinu Chananel,
Rash'bam, R'dak, and Seforno. Lambda Publishers, KTAV Publishing House, 2003. [urimpublications.com]
Authors & Affiliations
David Kimchi (Radak, Kimhi, Qimḥi) was a rabbi, philosopher,
grammarian, Torah commentator. He lived between about 1160-1235 years in French
at Narbonne. [jewishencyclopedia.com
, wikipedia.org]
Eliyahu Munk (1900-1981) was a German-born French
rabbi and rabbinic scholar. [wikipedia.org]
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, animals, Bible, Torah, synonym, damage
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