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ANCIENT MENTIONS

 

 ANCIENT MENTIONS 

(Early literary evidence and early authors...)


  • 2000-1600bcBM29663 In the list of body parts of a sheep, the author indicates LCF. 
  • 1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
  • 911-612bcK2453 A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's LCF.
  • 480-413bcHippocrates The author reports the presence of LCF in the acetabulum and indicates its distal attachment site. 
  • 300-100bcHeracleides Tarentinus The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 130bcHegetor The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 80-58bcApollonius Citiensis The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
  • 25bc-50Celsus The author recommends specific treatment for the traumatic pathology of LCF.
  • 70-110Rufus Ephesius The author writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον). 
  • 77-79Pliny the Elder On the origins of the term ligamentum teres, a synonym for LCF.
  • 150-200Pseudo-Galen The author notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites. 
  • 162-166Galen The author notes the significant strength and connective function of the LCF. 
  • 163-176Galen The author points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
  • 163-192Galen The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function. 
  • 177-180aGalen The author writes about the localization of the distal attachment area, the connecting function and the high strength of the LCF.  
  • 177-180bGalen The treatise represents the prototype of the first scientific article devoted to LCF, its anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries, as well as the first documented method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
  • 180-238PolluxJ In Greek the author calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
  • 355-363Oribasius The author writes about the high strength and role of LCF quoting Galen of Pergamon.
  • 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
  • 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation.
  • 1561DuboisJ The author translates a treatise by Galen «On Bones for Beginners » that describes the attachment and properties of LCF. 
  • 1564CornariusJ The author translates into Latin the treatise of Hippocrates Instruments of Redactions, which indicates the localization of LCF.
  • 1570FalloppioG The author briefly describes the ligaments of the hip joint, but does not directly mention the LCF. 
  • 1581CrassoPI Translations into Latin of the treatise by Rufus of Ephesus and Theophilus Protospatharius, mentioning LCF. 
  • 1665LindenJA Hippocrates' description of the location and region of distal attachment of the LCF in Latin. 
  • 1679ChartierR Part of the treatise by Hippocrates in Latin and Greek with the mention of LCF. 
  • 1735RasarioJB The author translates into Latin from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF. 
  • 1737CornariusJ Hippocrates' description of the location and region of distal attachment of the LCF in Latin.   
  • 1745CocchiA The author translates into Latin from Greek the fragment of book Apollonii Citiensis “De articulis”, which mentioned about LCF.  
  • 1821KühnCG Galen writes about the significant strength, high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function. 
  • 1822KühnCG Galen points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.  
  • 1827KühnCG Pseudo-Galen notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
  • 1829KühnCG Galen writes about anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries of the LCF, as well as the first method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
  • 1834DietzFR Hegetor discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
  • 1842GreenhillGA Quote from Theophilus Protospatharius on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
  • 1844LittreE Quote in Greek from the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions) by Hippocrates of Cos mentioning LCF. 
  • 1858BussemakerUC_DarembergC The authors translate into French from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF. 
  • 1879DarenbergCV_RuelleCE Rufus of Ephesus writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
  • 1886AdamsF The first mention of the LCF in a scientific text is found in the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions), written by Hippocrates. 
  • 1900BetheE Julius Pollux calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα». 
  • 1965KolleschJ_KudlienF Hegetor and Apollo of Kition write about the connective function and attachment areas of the LCF, and discuss its damage in hip dislocation.
  • 2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions. 
  • 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV The first synonyms of the ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of femur, ligamentum capitis femoris)  
  • 2021ProlyginaIV The author translates Galen's treatise «On Bones for Beginners», which mentions LCF.
  • 2024arkhipovSV. The Ninth Month, Eleventh Day [Rus]. The monograph is dedicated to the oldest mention of LCF injury and the fate of the first patient with this pathology.
  • 2025ArkhipovSV. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. An essay with references to interactive materials. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Joensuu: Author's Edition. [In Russian]
  • 11.11.2025 
  • 2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN. Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?
  • The First Scientific Mention (video) The first described of the LCF is Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). 



                                                             

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1842GreenhillGA

    A Latin translation of Theophilus Protospatharios's treatise On the Construction of the Human Being [Θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος. Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς] (ca. 976-1115?). The author writes about the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its connective function. For our commentary, see the link: 1842GreenhillGA [Rus]. See also 1581CrassoPI , 1724FabriciusJA , 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote. [Grc] Περὶ   τῆς   τοῦ   ανθρώπου   κατασκευῆς .  Βιβλιον   Ε . 13. (original source: 1842GreenhillGA, p. 204) [Lat] De corporis humani fabrica. Liber quintus. Cap. XIII. Dei erga homines amor [et sapientia] ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum, adstringensque ne facile elabatur; inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes et solae, (qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur,) sed latae, valenterque heminae oras ad comrai...
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1838BlandinPF

  Fragment of the book Blandin PF. Nouveaux éléments d'anatomie descriptive (1838). The author describes the anatomy and mechanical properties of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser.   Quote p. 307 Ligament inter-articulaire, ligament intérieur, (ligament rond desauteurs). Ce ligament occupe l'intérieur de l'articulation, étendu de la tête du fémur à la cavité cotyloïde. Il a plutôt la forme d'un triangle à base appuyée sur la cavité cotyloïde que celle d'un faisceau arrondi, comme l'indiquerait sa dénomination de ligament rond. Il se fixe, supérieurement, sur l'enfoncement du sommet de la tète du fémur, et en bas, sur les deux bords de l'échancrure interne de la cavité cotyloïde, au moyen de deux faisceaux distincts réunis par la membrane synoviale. Arrondi vers le fémur, le ligament inter-articulaire est aplati du côté de l'os cox...
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1853JamainA

  Fragments from the book Jamain A. Nouveau traité élémentaire d'anatomie descriptive (1853). The author briefly describes the anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), noting its three points of proximal attachment. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser.   Quote p. 14 4 Surfaces articulaires. Du côté du fémur, tête hémisphérique encroûtée de cartilage et présentant à sa partie supérieure et interne une dépression qui loge un ligament inter-articulaire. Du côté de l'os iliaque , cavité cotyloïde, profonde , échancrée sur sa circonférence, surtout à sa partie antérieure et inférieure, et présentant dans sa partie profonde une dépression remplie de tissu adipeux rougeâtre, improprement appelé glande cotyloïdienne. Cette cavité est encroûtée de cartilage, excepté dans la dépression dont nous venons de parler. Quote p. 145 2. Ligamentinter-articulaire (fig. 12, 2, 3), appelé encore ligament r...
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1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger

A fragment of a hypothetical prototype of the book In the Beginning (ProtoBereshit), supposedly composed in 1609-1583 BC in northern Egypt. According to our hypothesis, in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a cause of gait disturbance. See our commentary at the link: 1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger [Rus]. Quote [Egy] Edwin Smith Papyrus Variant spelling of the hieroglyph «mt»  (original source: 1930BreastedJH, Vol. 2, Plate XII, Case 34) Translation [Eng] Edwin Smith Papyrus Translator's note: The vessels of which the commentator is speaking he calls mt, and it should be remembered that this term mt means not only “canal,” but also “ ligament, tendon.” (original source: 1930BreastedJH, Case 34; Vol. 1, p. 349) Original source: 1930BreastedJH, Vol. 2, Plate XII. External links Breasted JH. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus: published in facsimile and hierog...
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