ANCIENT MENTIONS

ANCIENT MENTIONS

(Early literary evidence and early authors...)

2000-1600bcBM29663 In the list of body parts of a sheep, the author indicates LCF.
1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
911-612bcK2453 A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's LCF.
480-413bcHippocrates The author reports the presence of LCF in the acetabulum and indicates its distal attachment site.
300-100bcHeracleides Tarentinus The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
130bcHegetor The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
80-58bcApollonius Citiensis The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
25bc-50Celsus The author recommends specific treatment for the traumatic pathology of LCF.
70-110Rufus Ephesius The author writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
77-79Pliny the Elder On the origins of the term ligamentum teres, a synonym for LCF.
150-200Pseudo-Galen The author notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
162-166Galen The author notes the significant strength and connective function of the LCF.
163-176Galen The author points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
163-192Galen The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
177-180aGalen The author writes about the localization of the distal attachment area, the connecting function and the high strength of the LCF.
177-180bGalen The treatise represents the prototype of the first scientific article devoted to LCF, its anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries, as well as the first documented method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
180-238PolluxJ In Greek the author calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
355-363Oribasius The author writes about the high strength and role of LCF quoting Galen of Pergamon.
976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation.
1561DuboisJ The author translates a treatise by Galen «On Bones for Beginners » that describes the attachment and properties of LCF.
1564CornariusJ The author translates into Latin the treatise of Hippocrates Instruments of Redactions, which indicates the localization of LCF.
1570FalloppioG The author briefly describes the ligaments of the hip joint, but does not directly mention the LCF.
1581CrassoPI Translations into Latin of the treatise by Rufus of Ephesus and Theophilus Protospatharius, mentioning LCF.
1679ChartierR Part of the treatise by Hippocrates in Latin and Greek with the mention of LCF.
1735RasarioJB The author translates into Latin from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF.
1745CocchiA The author translates into Latin from Greek the fragment of book Apollonii Citiensis “De articulis”, which mentioned about LCF.
1821KühnCG Galen writes about the significant strength, high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
1822KühnCG Galen points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
1827KühnCG Pseudo-Galen notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
1829KühnCG Galen writes about anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries of the LCF, as well as the first method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
1834DietzFR Hegetor discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
1842GreenhillGA Quote from Theophilus Protospatharius on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
1844LittreE Quote in Greek from the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions) by Hippocrates of Cos mentioning LCF.
1858BussemakerUC_DarembergC The authors translate into French from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF.
1879DarenbergCV_RuelleCE Rufus of Ephesus writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
1886AdamsF The first mention of the LCF in a scientific text is found in the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions), written by Hippocrates.
1900BetheE Julius Pollux calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
1965KolleschJ_KudlienF Hegetor and Apollo of Kition write about the connective function and attachment areas of the LCF, and discuss its damage in hip dislocation.
2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions.
2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV The first synonyms of the ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of femur, ligamentum capitis femoris)
The First Scientific Mention (video) The first described of the LCF is Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE).
2024arkhipovSV. The Ninth Month, Eleventh Day [Rus]. The monograph is dedicated to the oldest mention of LCF injury and the fate of the first patient with this pathology.
2025ArkhipovSV. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. An essay with references to interactive materials. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Joensuu: Author's Edition. [In Russian]
2025Arkhipov SV. Physicians Who Became Gods: Rational-Critical Theology.
11.11.2025
2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN. Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

Comments

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation. 2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation . 2021PaezC_WengerDR The ar ticle analyzes the results of open reconstruction of LCF in dysplasia. 2008DoddsMK...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Enhancing Posto perative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical mode...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

LCF in 2025 (June)

LCF in 2025 ( June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027. [i] academic.oup.com Iglesias, C. J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 [ii] researchgate.net Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...

1724FabriciusJA

Fragments from the book Fabricius JA. Bibliothecae Graecae volume duodecimum (1724). The author quotes the Byzantine physician Theophilus Protospatharius, who supposedly lived between the 7th and 10th centuries. Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its inherent connective function. [Grc] θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος . Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς . Βιβλιον Ε . XIII, [p. 892] (see fig.) [Lat] Theophilus Protospatharius. De corporis humani fabrica, Liber quintus, Cap. XIII [p. 892] 1) Dei erga homines amor ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum adstringensque, ne facile elabatur:» 2) inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes & solae, qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur, sed latae, valenter que heminae oras ad commissurae praesidium ambientes. Translation [Eng] 1) For the sake ...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

190-230Mishnah Chullin

Tractate Mishnah Chullin was written between about 190 - 230 in Israel and discuss laws related to consumption of meat. The selected quotes talk about the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. See our commentary at the link: 190-230Mishnah Chullin [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:2 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:3 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 4. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:4 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 5. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:5 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 6. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:6 (original source: sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 The prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve applies both in Eretz Yisrael and outside of Eretz Yisrael, in the presence of, i.e., the time of, the Temple and not in the presence of th...

11th-15th Century

11th-15th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 11th century 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation. 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals. 12 th century 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals. 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals. 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks abo...

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research. Areas for cooperation: - pathogenesis and prevention of coxarthrosis - arthroscopy of the hip joint - hip arthroplasty - reconstruction of the hip joint ligaments - biomechanics of postures and locomotion - classification of ligament pathology - remote diagnostics of hip joint ligament pathology Email: archipovsv@gmail.com Briefly about Sergey Arkhipov Bibliography Experimental material Blog [Rus] Blog [Eng] ResearchGate ORCID Twitter / Х Academia.edu BLOG CONTENT NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

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