Skip to main content

ANCIENT MENTIONS

 

 ANCIENT MENTIONS 

(Early literary evidence and early authors...)


  • 2000-1600bcBM29663 In the list of body parts of a sheep, the author indicates LCF. 
  • 1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
  • 911-612bcK2453 A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's LCF.
  • 480-413bcHippocrates The author reports the presence of LCF in the acetabulum and indicates its distal attachment site. 
  • 300-100bcHeracleides Tarentinus The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 130bcHegetor The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 80-58bcApollonius Citiensis The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation. 
  • 0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
  • 25bc-50Celsus The author recommends specific treatment for the traumatic pathology of LCF.
  • 70-110Rufus Ephesius The author writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον). 
  • 77-79Pliny the Elder On the origins of the term ligamentum teres, a synonym for LCF.
  • 150-200Pseudo-Galen The author notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites. 
  • 162-166Galen The author notes the significant strength and connective function of the LCF. 
  • 163-176Galen The author points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
  • 163-192Galen The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function. 
  • 177-180aGalen The author writes about the localization of the distal attachment area, the connecting function and the high strength of the LCF.  
  • 177-180bGalen The treatise represents the prototype of the first scientific article devoted to LCF, its anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries, as well as the first documented method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
  • 180-238PolluxJ In Greek the author calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
  • 355-363Oribasius The author writes about the high strength and role of LCF quoting Galen of Pergamon.
  • 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
  • 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation.
  • 1561DuboisJ The author translates a treatise by Galen «On Bones for Beginners » that describes the attachment and properties of LCF. 
  • 1564CornariusJ The author translates into Latin the treatise of Hippocrates Instruments of Redactions, which indicates the localization of LCF.
  • 1570FalloppioG The author briefly describes the ligaments of the hip joint, but does not directly mention the LCF. 
  • 1581CrassoPI Translations into Latin of the treatise by Rufus of Ephesus and Theophilus Protospatharius, mentioning LCF. 
  • 1665LindenJA Hippocrates' description of the location and region of distal attachment of the LCF in Latin. 
  • 1679ChartierR Part of the treatise by Hippocrates in Latin and Greek with the mention of LCF. 
  • 1735RasarioJB The author translates into Latin from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF. 
  • 1737CornariusJ Hippocrates' description of the location and region of distal attachment of the LCF in Latin.   
  • 1745CocchiA The author translates into Latin from Greek the fragment of book Apollonii Citiensis “De articulis”, which mentioned about LCF.  
  • 1821KühnCG Galen writes about the significant strength, high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function. 
  • 1822KühnCG Galen points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.  
  • 1827KühnCG Pseudo-Galen notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
  • 1829KühnCG Galen writes about anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries of the LCF, as well as the first method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
  • 1834DietzFR Hegetor discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
  • 1842GreenhillGA Quote from Theophilus Protospatharius on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
  • 1844LittreE Quote in Greek from the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions) by Hippocrates of Cos mentioning LCF. 
  • 1858BussemakerUC_DarembergC The authors translate into French from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF. 
  • 1879DarenbergCV_RuelleCE Rufus of Ephesus writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
  • 1886AdamsF The first mention of the LCF in a scientific text is found in the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions), written by Hippocrates. 
  • 1900BetheE Julius Pollux calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα». 
  • 1965KolleschJ_KudlienF Hegetor and Apollo of Kition write about the connective function and attachment areas of the LCF, and discuss its damage in hip dislocation.
  • 2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions. 
  • 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV The first synonyms of the ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of femur, ligamentum capitis femoris)  
  • 2021ProlyginaIV The author translates Galen's treatise «On Bones for Beginners», which mentions LCF.
  • 2024arkhipovSV. The Ninth Month, Eleventh Day [Rus]. The monograph is dedicated to the oldest mention of LCF injury and the fate of the first patient with this pathology.
  • 2025ArkhipovSV. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. An essay with references to interactive materials. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Joensuu: Author's Edition. [In Russian]
  • 11.11.2025 
  • 2025ArkhipovSV_ArkhipovaLN. Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?
  • The First Scientific Mention (video) The first described of the LCF is Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). 



                                                             

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

1140St.Marie-Madeleine

  Basilica of Saint Mary Magdalene of Vézelay, capital s  – Jacob with the Angel (1125 – 1140).  Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Basilica of Saint Mary Magdalene of Vézelay (1125 – 1140). Capital (...
Post a Comment
Read more

1857HyrtlJ

The author discusses the anatomy, structure, and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Based on his own research, Josef Hyrtl asserts that the vessels of the LCF do not participate in supplying blood to the femoral head. The author highlights the high strength of the LCF and changes in congenital dislocations. Apparently, this work was the first to suggest that the LCF serves as a conductor of inflammatory processes and a cause of coxalgia. Hyrtl J. Handbuch der topagraphischen Anatomie und ihrer praktisch medicinisch-chirurgischen Anwendungen. Zweiter band. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1857. [fragment] Quote p. 410-412 c. Rundes Band des Schenkelkopfes. Einfluss desselben auf die Stellung des Beins bei Coxalgie. Ein verticaler, durch die Mitte der Pfanne und des Schenkelkopfes und bei richtiger Beckenneigung von aussen nach innen geführter Schnitt, trennt das runde Band in zwei gleiche Schenkel, einen vorderen und hinteren. Das Band ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Human LCF intersection

HUMAN LCF INTERSECTION In the south of China, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the archaeological Neolithic site of Dingsishan was investigated. Burials of 355 people were found in this place. The authors of the article (2024YeZ_LiFJ) identified 91 skeletons with traces of manipulations with the remains. They are attributed to burials of the Dingsishan III-IV phase, aged 8.0-4.5 thousand years. 13 notches were found on the proximal part of various femurs. « Cutmarks on the femoral head, neck and intertrochanteric line, as well as along the medial linea aspera of the femoral shaft, suggest that soft tissue around the hip, including the iliofemoral ligament and the iliacus and adductor muscles, was severed to disarticulate the joint.» This and other postmortem bone injuries «... suggests that corpse treatment at Dingsishan included disarticulation » (2024YeZ_LiFJ).  Figure 4 of the cited article shows the distribution and direction of cutmarks on human skeletons from Dingx...
Post a Comment
Read more

The First Scientific Mention

  European science has known the LCF for about 2500 years. It is the most important functional connection of the hip joint. The first person to describe the LCF was Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). A written mention of the LCF is found in §1 of his treatise "On the Instrument of redactions". In our opinion, a book created in the library of the Asclepeion of the island of Kos. Hippocrates did not dissection of the human body, did not operate on the hip joint, did not have a CT scan and MRI. How he could discover the LCF? In our view, it is possible that Hippocrates treated a patient with an open hip dislocation. Track Music:  Blue Dot Sessions ,  Vittoro  (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip dislocation .                                                     ...
Post a Comment
Read more

163-192Galen

Fragment from the treatise Galen. On anatomical procedures (Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων, ca. 163-192). The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and also notes its connective function. See our commentary at the link: 163-192Galen [Rus], and  2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote [Grc] Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων. Βιβλιον B. K εφ . ι ʹ . Αλλά χρή σε, καθάπερ επί της χειρός επεσκέψω τους συνδέσμους των οστών, ούτω και νυν επισκέψασθαι πασών των γεγυμνωμένων διαρθρώσεων, πρώτης μεν της κατ' ισχίον, εχούσης ένα μεν εν κύκλω σύνδεσμον, απάντων των άρθρων κοινόν, (ουδέν γάρ έστιν, ότω μή περιβέβληται τοιούτος σύνδεσμος,) έτερον δε τον διά του βάθους εν τη διαρθρώσει κατακεκρυμμένον, ος συνάπτει την κεφαλήν του μηρού τη κατ' ισχίον κοιλότητι, πάνυ σκληρός ών, ώς ήδη δύνασθαι λέγεσθαι νεύρον χονδρώδες. (original source: 1821KühnCG, pp. 328-329) [Lat] De Anatomicis Administrationibus. Liber II. Cap. X. Verum considerare te convenit, ut i...
Post a Comment
Read more

1857RüdingerN

  Fragments from the book Rüdinger N. Die Gelenknerven des menschlichen Körpers (1857). The author found that the inferior branch of the obturator nerve reaches the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser.   Quote p. 18 Die das Gelenk auskleidende Synovialmembran gibt einen scheideähnlichen Fortsatz zum Lig. teres und communicirt zuweilen mit dem Schleimbeutel des Musc. iliacus internus.   Quote p. 19 Das untere weiter nach abwärts laufende Aestchen (die Fortsetzung des Stämmchens), geht etwas tiefer nach vorn und löst sich zerstreut in dem Lig. pubo-femorale, mehr noch in dem Lig. ischio-femorale auf. Bei vorsichtiger Präparation und an Präparaten, die mit Essigsäure behandelt waren, konnte ich in der Regel einen Faden beobachten, der zur Incisura acetabuli geht, mit den Gefässen in das Gelenk tritt und sich in dem von Fett durchdrängten Zellgewebe und dem L...
Post a Comment
Read more

1614PagniniS

  Content [i]   Annotation [ii]   Original text (in  Latin) [iii]   English translation [iv]   Source  &  links [v]   Notes [vi]   Authors & Affiliations [vii]   Keywords [i]   Annotation Fragment from the book: Pagnini S. Thesaurus linguae sanctae, sive lexicon hebraicum (1614, Vol. 1). The author examines the translation into Latin of the term denoting ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in Hebrew biblical texts. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1614PagniniS . [ii]   Original text (in   Latin) Quote, p. 392 ניר  est Neruus Genesis 32.32 Idcirco non comedent (pro, comedunt) filij Israel  ניר   את   neruum. Et Iesah 48.4  וניד  & nerruus serreus ceruix tua: vel, secundum Rab. Dair. & virga ferrea: sic appellate, quòd nerui sint ceruice  בניד  in neruo Genes. 32.32. Iech 37.6. Et dabo super vos  צירים  neruos. Ijob 10. II ossibusq;...
Post a Comment
Read more

280-352Rava

  Sayings of Rava extracted from the tractates Chullin and  Horayot  (Babylonian Talmud). Babylonian Talmud was written between about 450 - 550 in present-day Iraq (formerly Babylonia). The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and demonstrates knowledge of its function.  See our commentary at the link:   280-352Rava [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Chullin 54b3 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Chullin 91a12 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Horayot 12a:16 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Chullin 54b3 The Gemara addresses the matter itself: Rav Mattana says: This head of the femur that was completely dislocated renders the animal a tereifa. And Rava said: The animal is kosher, but if its sinew holding the bone in place is cut, it is a tereifa. The Gemara concludes: And the halakha is: Even if the sinew is cut, the animal is still kosher...
Post a Comment
Read more

Tiktaalik roseae

  TIKTAALIK ROSEAE The first truly tetrapod animal (Limbed tetrapods) is recognized as the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae (clade Elpistostegalia), discovered in rocks aged about 375 Ma (2006DaeschlerEB_JenkinsJrFA; 2008ShubinN; 2017ShubinN). Discoveries in recent years have allowed us to place the taxa of early tetrapodomorphs in the following order: Tinirau, Eusthenopteron, Megalichthys, Panderichthys, Qikiqtania, Tiktaalik, Elpistostege, Parmastega, Ventastega, Acanthostega, Elginerpeton, Ymeria, Ichthyostega (2022StewartTA_ShubinNH). The closest ancestor of Tiktaalik roseae, the fragments of the skeleton of which are relatively well preserved, is Panderichthys. Reconstruction of the prehistoric fish Pandericthys Author Tyler Rhodes; original in the  wikipedia.org   collection (license CC BY-SA 3.0, no changes). The shape of the skeleton of the pectoral fin and shoulder girdle suggests that Panderichthys rhombolepis "walked" (2006AhlbergPE_ClackJA). At the very least...
Post a Comment
Read more

THE TRUTH INJECTION

  The "Truth Injection" Impact on AI and 4 Billion People: Informed Insight or AI Hallucination? Sergey V. Arkhipov & Google Gemini   CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   A Briefe Backstory [iii]   Interview [iv]   References [v]   Application [i]   Abstract While examining modern biblical criticism, I engaged in a discussion with Artificial Intelligence regarding my book,  “ 50 Tables of Evidence for the Composition of Genesis in Late Second Intermediate Period Egypt ” . The machine’s apocalyptic prediction concerning half of the world's population and the evolution of computer technology left me puzzled. To verify this prophecy and seek counsel from "natural intelligence," I am publishing my conversation with the AI. This may be of interest to others, as will response to the machine’s final last question regarding religious worldview: «Now that the "antidote" is in your system, do you feel more prepared to face a world without a "sacred" fou...
Post a Comment
Read more