ANCIENT MENTIONS

ANCIENT MENTIONS

(Early literary evidence and early authors...)

2000-1600bcBM29663 In the list of body parts of a sheep, the author indicates LCF.
1650-1550bcImhotep the Younger Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance.
911-612bcK2453 A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's LCF.
480-413bcHippocrates The author reports the presence of LCF in the acetabulum and indicates its distal attachment site.
300-100bcHeracleides Tarentinus The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
130bcHegetor The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
80-58bcApollonius Citiensis The author discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
0cent.4Q158.1-2. Fragments of the Dead Sea Scroll, which previously contained the text of Genesis 32 with a mention of LCF.
25bc-50Celsus The author recommends specific treatment for the traumatic pathology of LCF.
70-110Rufus Ephesius The author writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
77-79Pliny the Elder On the origins of the term ligamentum teres, a synonym for LCF.
150-200Pseudo-Galen The author notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
162-166Galen The author notes the significant strength and connective function of the LCF.
163-176Galen The author points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
163-192Galen The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
177-180aGalen The author writes about the localization of the distal attachment area, the connecting function and the high strength of the LCF.
177-180bGalen The treatise represents the prototype of the first scientific article devoted to LCF, its anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries, as well as the first documented method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
180-238PolluxJ In Greek the author calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
355-363Oribasius The author writes about the high strength and role of LCF quoting Galen of Pergamon.
976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation.
1561DuboisJ The author translates a treatise by Galen «On Bones for Beginners » that describes the attachment and properties of LCF.
1564CornariusJ The author translates into Latin the treatise of Hippocrates Instruments of Redactions, which indicates the localization of LCF.
1570FalloppioG The author briefly describes the ligaments of the hip joint, but does not directly mention the LCF.
1581CrassoPI Translations into Latin of the treatise by Rufus of Ephesus and Theophilus Protospatharius, mentioning LCF.
1679ChartierR Part of the treatise by Hippocrates in Latin and Greek with the mention of LCF.
1735RasarioJB The author translates into Latin from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF.
1745CocchiA The author translates into Latin from Greek the fragment of book Apollonii Citiensis “De articulis”, which mentioned about LCF.
1821KühnCG Galen writes about the significant strength, high resiliency and hardness of LCF, and also notes its connective function.
1822KühnCG Galen points out the high strength of the LCF, its shape, and also notes the attachment areas and connecting function.
1827KühnCG Pseudo-Galen notes the connecting function of the LCF and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites.
1829KühnCG Galen writes about anatomy, topography, function, changes in painful conditions and injuries of the LCF, as well as the first method of conservative treatment of its pathology.
1834DietzFR Hegetor discusses the connective function of the LCF, as well as its damage in hip dislocation and pathological transformation.
1842GreenhillGA Quote from Theophilus Protospatharius on the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function.
1844LittreE Quote in Greek from the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions) by Hippocrates of Cos mentioning LCF.
1858BussemakerUC_DarembergC The authors translate into French from Greek the treatise of Oribasius “Medical Collection”, which talks about LCF.
1879DarenbergCV_RuelleCE Rufus of Ephesus writes about the localization of the proximal attachment area and the connecting function of the LCF, using a rare synonym (ἰσχίον).
1886AdamsF The first mention of the LCF in a scientific text is found in the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions), written by Hippocrates.
1900BetheE Julius Pollux calls LCF «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / νεῦρα».
1965KolleschJ_KudlienF Hegetor and Apollo of Kition write about the connective function and attachment areas of the LCF, and discuss its damage in hip dislocation.
2019(a)ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV For the first time, damage to the ligament of the head of femur in humans and the mechanism of injury are described in the Bible. Read more in the article: Ligamentum capitis femoris: first written mentions.
2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV The first synonyms of the ligamentum teres (ligament of the head of femur, ligamentum capitis femoris)
The First Scientific Mention (video) The first described of the LCF is Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE).
2024arkhipovSV. The Ninth Month, Eleventh Day [Rus]. The monograph is dedicated to the oldest mention of LCF injury and the fate of the first patient with this pathology.
2025ArkhipovSV. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. An essay with references to interactive materials. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Joensuu: Author's Edition. [In Russian]

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Test catalog of the LCF pathology

Test catalog of the ligamentum capitis femoris pathology By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Testing in the supine position [iv] Testing in a standing position [v] Gait study [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract A description of tests for the detection and differential diagnosis of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) pathology is presented. [ii] Introduction One of the first studies devoted to the diagnosis of LCF injury demonstrated a variety of symptoms: groin pain, hip stiffness, sometimes long-standing minimal clinical findings, or signs similar to osteoarthritis (1997GrayA_VillarRN). More than a decade later, researchers concluded: "Unfortunately, there is no specific test for detecting LCF tears." The signs known at that time were nonspecific and were also observed in other intra-articular pathologies of the hip joint (2010CerezalL_Pérez-CarroL). The a...

1836-1840PartridgeR

«Prof. Partridge in his lectures on anatomy at King's College was accustomed to compare the Ligamentum Teres, in its function, to the leathern straps by which the body of a carriage is suspended on springs » ( 1874SavoryWS ). Perhaps Nikolai Pirogov listened to these lectures ( 1859PirogoffN ). The analogy that Richard Partridge used could have arisen after reading the monograph Bell J. The Principles of Surgery (1801) . In it, the author depicted a cart and a pelvis resting on the head of one and two femurs. However, there is no mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in the chart descriptions. References Savory WS. On the use of the ligamentum teres of the hip joint. J Anat Physiol. 1874;8(2)291-6. [ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov , archive.org ] Pirogoff N. Anatome topographica sectionibus per corpus humanum congelatum triplici directione ductus illustrate. Petropoli: Typis Jacobi Trey, 1859. [ books.google , archive.org ] ...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion and Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

2024StetzelbergerVM_TannastM

Content [i] Summary [ii] Annotation [iii] Illustrations and References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Summary Abstract of the article Stetzelberger VM, Nishimura H, Hollenbeck JF, Garcia A, Brown JR, Schwab JM, Philippon JM, Tannast M (2024). The authors found low ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement. A Russian translation is available at this link: 2024StetzelbergerVM_TannastM . [ii] Annotation Background: Intraarticular hip pain represents a substantial clinical challenge, with recent studies implicating lesions in the ligamentum teres as potential contributors. Even more so, damage to the ligamentum teres is particularly prevalent among young patients undergoing joint-preserving interventions. Although several studies have investigated the biomechanical attributes of the ligamentum teres,...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis? A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Egyptian physician [iv] Asian diviner [v] Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii] Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

2025SrinivasanS_SakthivelS

The article by Srinivasan S, Verma S, Sakthivel S. Macromorphological Profile of Ligamentum Teres Femoris in Human Cadavers–A Descriptive Study (2025) is devoted to the morphology of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in the Indian population. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025SrinivasanS_SakthivelS . Macromorphological Profile of Ligamentum Teres Femoris in Human Cadavers–A Descriptive Study By Srinivasan S, Verma S, Sakthivel S. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Introduction: The ligamentum teres femoris (LTF) is an intra-articular ligament extending from fossa of acetabulum to the head of femur and is triangular or pyramidal in shape. Recent literature supports its role as a secondary stabilizer of hip and increasing evidence supports reconstructive surgery following tear...

1996ChenHH_LeeMC

Abstract of the article Chen HH, Li AF, Li KC, Wu JJ, Chen TS, Lee MC. Adaptations of ligamentum teres in ischemic necrosis of human femoral head (1996). The authors investigate the strength of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in avascular necrosis and femoral neck fracture. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1996ChenHH_LeeMC . Annotation Little is known about the biomechanical properties of human ligamentum teres. To more fully understand the ligamentum teres, its dimensions and mechanical properties were measured in 22 cases of acute fracture of the femoral neck and 21 cases of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. The specimens first were preconditioned and then loaded to failure with a testing machine at a fast strain rate of 100% s(-1). The ischemic necrosis group had a significantly larger volume (3.09 +/- 1.81 ml versus 1.30 +/- 0.62 ml) and cross section area (65.3 +/- 59.1 mm2 versus 30.6 +/- 27.2 mm2) than did the acute f...

2024GillHS

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations & References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Article by Gill HS. CORR Insights: How Strong Is the Ligamentum Teres of the Hip? A Biomechanical Analysis (2024). To clarify the role of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), the author recommends a combination of experimental studies with computer modeling. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2024GillHS [ii] Original text Where Are We Now? Hip preservation surgery has seen a rapid increase in usage over the last 15 years [10], in large part driven by the groundbreaking work of Ganz et al. [5], who described the association between femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis and who also developed effective methods of surgical dislocation that maintain the blood supply to the femoral head [4]. Arthroscopic met...

2025ArkhipovSV. Physicians Who Became Gods

The English translation of the artistic etude by Sergei Arkhipov « Врачи , ставшие Богами : Рационально - критическое богословие » . The etude that mentions LCF is based on the Prologue and Epilogue of the essay: Архипов СВ. Дети человеческие: истоки библейских преданий в обозрении врача . Йоэнсуу: Издание Автора, 2025. [Arkhipov SV. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective]. Physician s Who Became Gods: Rational-Critical Theology By Sergey V. Arkhipov CONTENT The Prolegomena The Scene The play “ Immanuel ” The Divertissement The Prelude The Creation and Birth The Ministry and Teaching The Coda The Reflections a fter Word and Sound Application The Prolegomena Is it ethical to offer children, the sick, and the less educated a literal or supernatural interpretation of Genesis and the Gospels when a reasonable explanation exists? I propose a rational, interdisciplinary reading of the Scriptures from the perspective...

1904FickR

Fragments from the book Fick R. Handbuch der Anatomie und Mechanik der Gelenke, T.1 (1904). The selected passages summarizes the basic information about ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) obtained by the beginning of the 20th century. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. Quote p . 315 Fig. 101. Rechtes Hüftgelenk. Frontalschnitt durch dasselbe. Hintere Schnittfläche, von vorn. Quote p. 319 Die kleine, meist ungefähr dreieckige Grube [Fovea capitis N.] im hinteren, unteren Quadranten des Kopfes ist nicht ganz mit Knorpel ausgekleidet, im oberen vorderen Teil derselben ist das sog. „runde Band” befestigt (s. unten). Daß der untere Teil der Grube durch das Sclileifeu des Bandes an ihm verbreitert und abgeflacht sei, wie z. B. Poirier angiebt, triffit nac...

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