1842GreenhillGA

A Latin translation of Theophilus Protospatharios's treatise On the Construction of the Human Being [Θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος. Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς] (ca. 976-1115?). The author writes about the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its connective function. For our commentary, see the link: 1842GreenhillGA [Rus]. See also 1581CrassoPI, 1724FabriciusJA, 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV.

Quote.

[Grc]

Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς. Βιβλιον Ε. 13.

(original source: 1842GreenhillGA, p. 204)

[Lat]

De corporis humani fabrica. Liber quintus. Cap. XIII.

Dei erga homines amor [et sapientia] ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum, adstringensque ne facile elabatur; inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes et solae, (qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur,) sed latae, valenterque heminae oras ad comraissurae praesidium ambientes. (original source: 1842GreenhillGA, p. 204)

Translation

[Eng]

On the Construction of the Human Being. Book V. 13.

For the sake of this, the benevolence and disposition of God grew from the bottom of the acetabulum a round sinew (νεῦρον), a cartilaginous ligament (σύνδεσμον χονδρώδη), growing into the head of the hipbone and holding it there to avoid dislocation. From the edge of the acetabulum begins the capsular ligament, which encircles the entire head of the femur. It is not round and singular like the one that originates from below, but rather wide, surrounding the acetabulum to protect the joint. (translation from Greek was done in collaboration with Prof. I.V. Prolygina; see also 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV)

External links

Greenhill GA (Ed). Theophili Protospatharii De corporis humani fabrica. Oxonii: E typographeo academic, MDCCCXLII [1842]. [archive.org]

Arkhipov SV, Prolygina IV. Ancient Textual Sources on Ligamentum Teres: Context and Transmission. MLTJ. 2020;10(3)536-46. [mltj.online , researchgate.net]

Authors & Affiliations

Guillaume Alexander Greenhill (1814-1894) was an English physician, literary editor. [en.wikipedia.org]

Guillaume Alexander Greenhill
From a photograph by H.J. Cobbold (1900);
original in the wikimedia.org collection (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, no changes).

Theophilus Protospatharius (Θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος) Byzantine physician, probably lived in the VII - X cent. [1849SmithW; 2011ФилатовКА; wikipedia.org]

Theophilus Protospatharius
Unknown author (1250, Oxford); original in the wikimedia.org collection
(CC0 – Public Domain, fragment)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, history, anatomy, synonym, role, shape, Theophilus Protospatharius

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

ANCIENT MENTIONS

Comments

11th-15th Century

11th-15th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 11th century 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation. 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals. 12 th century 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals. 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals. 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks abo...

University_of_Guelph(website)

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation A quote from an article on the University of Guelph website. The publication mentions the animal's ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and states its function: fixing the femoral head in the acetabulum. The text in Russian is available at the following link: University_of_Guelph(website) . [ii] Original text Quote 1. Hindlimb skeleton. Femur [animals] The articular head of the femur is deeply rounded and it bears a round ligament that holds it into the acetabulum. [iii] Illustrations – [iv] Source & links STRUCTURE OF THE SKELETON. 2023. animalbiosciences.uoguelph.ca [v] Notes The work is cited in the following publications: [vi] Authors & Affiliations Unive...

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external ligaments & LCF First experiments to study the interaction of the external ligaments and the ligamentum capitis femoris in a model: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_6.html Pathological consequences of lengthening of the ligamentum capitis femoris: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_63.html norm: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/06/blog-post_50.html #ligamentum_teres #ligamentum_capitis_femoris #hip #biomechanics Publication in the facebook group 03/27/2025. BLOG CONTE...

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Fragments from the book Munnicks J. Cheirurgia ad praxin (1715). The author describes the attachment, shape and role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Johannes Munnicks discusses the cause of possible subluxation in the hip joint. The quoted text is close in content to an excerpt from a monograph by the same author 1697MunnicksJ . Quote p. 360. LXV. Femoris luxacio XVII. FEMORIS OS, omnium in corpore humano maximum & longissimum, capite suo globoso, valida cervice subnixo, & cartilagine obducto, coxendicis acetabulo, amplo satis & profundo, committur in eoque duobus validis ligamentis detinetur; uno lato crasso, & membranoso, quod articulum totum circundat altero tereti quod ab ipsa acetabuli cavitate productum, in susceptum femoris caput inseritur, idque acetabulo sirmissimè connectit sicque articulatio hæc per Enarthrosin Diarthroseos persicitur: ut adeò femur facilius & expeditius flecti extendi, in latera moveri, & circumverti, nec facilè prolab...

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The Big Bang The maximum age of the observable Universe, established by measuring the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background, is 13.801±0.024 billion years. (2020AghanimN_RoudierG). The relic stages of the creation of the World are only approxim ately understood by theoretical physicists. The development of matter into molecules, as well as the start of time, is logically described by the Big Bang theory and the concept of the expansion of space (2012HawkingS). It is impossible to imagine the Universe before its expansion from some homogeneous space or an infinitesimal grain. The reason for this is the «inner cosmic oblivion» of the previous state (2007BojowaldM). In our opinion, before that there was a black, cold, motionless Peace. Accordingly, before the mark of 13.8 billion years ago, the search for evidence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is futile anywhere in the Universe. One second after the Big Bang, the Universe consisted of light and elementary particles hea...

280-352Rava

Sayings of Rava extracted from the tractates Chullin and Horayot (Babylonian Talmud). Babylonian Talmud was written between about 450 - 550 in present-day Iraq (formerly Babylonia). The rabbi identifies the location and distal attachment site of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and demonstrates knowledge of its function. See our commentary at the link: 280-352Rava [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Chullin 54b3 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Chullin 91a12 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Horayot 12a:16 (original source: sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Chullin 54b3 The Gemara addresses the matter itself: Rav Mattana says: This head of the femur that was completely dislocated renders the animal a tereifa. And Rava said: The animal is kosher, but if its sinew holding the bone in place is cut, it is a tereifa. The Gemara concludes: And the halakha is: Even if the sinew is cut, the animal is still kosher...

1996(d)ArkhipovSV

The endoprosthesis of the femoral head ( Эндопротез головки бедренной кости ) Patent Application RU96118782A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96118782/14A events 1996-09-20 Application filed by С.В. Архипов 1998-12-27 Publication of RU96118782A Claims The endoprosthesis of the femoral head, comprising a head connected to the intraosseous rod, characterized in that the head is formed as a hollow spherical segment, is provided with a through hole, and intramedullary rod has a longitudinal bore there through and the stiffeners, and connected to lateral extramedullary plate provided with through-cone holes which set screws with conical head connected to the extramedullary medial plate, and through the die opening intraosseous rod channel omitted flexible member of dynes end connected to the extramedullary lateral plate and the other with a fastening member. Description of the invention Description in Russian is...

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Short retelling of chapter 1 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 8. THE LAND OF NOD Cain’s family settled in the land of "Nod," where they established a "city." We propose this tribal group followed a route later known as the Great Khorasan Road, leading Cain, son of Adam, to the Kermanshah Valley in the central Zagros Mountains. There, we believe he founded the settlement of "Enoch," its remnants linked to the archaeological site of Sheikh-e Abad (34°36'42"N, 47°16'11"E). In this village, the newcomers mastered musical instruments, developed metalworking techniques, and some adopted nomadic herding, living in "tents with flocks." As a farmer, Cain likely preserved knowledge of agriculture. Favorable conditions, division of labor, and acquired skills probably fueled population growth among thes...

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18th Century

18th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 1700-1709 1705PetitJL The author writes about anatomy, role, and damage of the LCF in hip dislocation. 1705RuyschF The author describes the anatomical preparation containing the LCF, notes its areas of attachment, geometric and mechanical properties. 1706PolluxJ The author refers to LCF as "νεῦρον" and also points out the synonym "ἰσχίον". 1709PetitJL The author discusses the anatomy, role and damage of the LCF in hip dislocation, and also mentions the principle of treatment. 1710-1719 1715MunnicksJ The author describes the attachment, shape, role of the LCF, and discusses subluxation of the hip. 1717HermannD The author indicates the distal area of attachment of the LCF and uses a rare synonym. 1720-1729 1720RuyschF The author draws attention to the well-developed blood supply of the acetabular fossa, as well as the ...

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