ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

(Information on the presence in existing and extinct animals...)

LCF of Pithecanthropus In the hip joint of Pithecanthropus (Pithecanthropus erectus, Homo erectus 2.12-0.43 Ma), there was a LCF.
LCF of Australopithecus The Australopithecus afarensis (3.2 Ma) had a ligament of the head of femur.
1802CamperP The author discusses the absence and unknown role of the LCF in the elephant and some monkeys.
1803CamperP The author discusses the absence and unknown role of LCF in the orangutan, elephant, and sloth.
1824MeckelJF The author notes the absence of LCF in orangutans, three-toed sloths and turtles.
1835OwenR The author discusses the absence of the LCF in chimpanzees, orangutans and some other mammals.
1851BarkowHCL The author briefly describes LCF in the tiger and llama.
1864MacalisterA LCF has been observed in ostrich and is noted to be strength.
1869MivartG The author discusses his observations of LCF absence in chimpanzees and orangutans.
1877aWelckerH The author discusses the differences in the anatomy of the LCF in animals: tapir, orangutan, chimpanzee.
1879BischoffTLW The paper discusses the size of the LCF in the gorilla.
1880GadowHF LCF has been observed in rhea, cassowary and ostrich and is noted to be strength.
1880HuxleyTH The author writes about the presence and absence of LCF in some animal species.
1883SuttonJB According to the author, the LCF is a tendon of the pectineus muscle, separated from it in consequence of skeletal modifications.
1884SuttonJB The author discovered that in the ostrich the LCF was not continuous with the ambiens muscle.
1885FlowerWH The author notes the presence of the LCF in almost all mammals and lists the species in which it is absent.
1885SuttonJB The author lists the species of animals in which he did not find the LCF.
1887SuttonJB According to the author, the LCF is a modified tendon of the pectineus muscle.
1889EckerA The author points out the presence of the LCF in the frog and the presence of a similar structure in the shoulder joint.
1894KeithA The paper discusses the development, anatomy, strength, and presence of the ligamentum LCF in various monkeys.
1898LeiseringAGT The author describes the LCF in the horse and its accessory ligament.
1899ParsonsFG The paper discusses the anatomy, role and presence of the LCF in different animals.
1932StolpeM The author studied the LCF in birds, mainly waterfowl, the strength is noted and the role.
1934FrancisETB The author points out that the salamander has two acetabular ligaments, analogous to the LCF.
1971CracraftJ LCF has been studied in the pigeon, its strength has been noted and its biomechanics has been described.
1981OrtnerDJ_PutscharWGJ The authors describe signs of LCF pathology in the remains of a Bronze Age individual.
1993BaumelJ. The attachment sites of the LCF in birds are indicated.
2009FrandsonRD_FailsAD The authors discuss the terminology, structure, and role of the LCF in the horse.
THE OLDEST LCF. The first quadruped with LCF '
University_of_Guelph(website). The publication mentions the animal's LCF and states its function: fixing the femoral head in the acetabulum.

Comments

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May ) (Quotes from articles and books published in May 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34. [i] e-aosm.org Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. [ii] link.springer.com Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788. [iii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

LCF in 2026 (June)

LCF in 2026 (June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Turner, A. H., Kernan, C. E., Laing, A., Pritchard, A. C., Stocker, M. R., Irmis, R. B., ... & Nesbitt, S. J. (2026). A new shuvosaurid (Archosauria, Poposauroidea) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Hayden Quarry of New Mexico, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , e2618182. [i] tandfonline.com Wang, F., Mu, Y., Sun, J., & Chi, H. Traumatic necrosis of femoral head: a case report. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. 2026;7(1)14-18. [ii] en.front-sci.com Sha, S. Y., Lang, X. X., Liu, Y., Li, C. B., & Yin, Q. F. L‐Capsulotomy and Anatomic Repair of Zona Orbicularis: Hip Arthroscopy Capsular Management for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Arthroscopy Techniques , e70149. [iii] arthroscopyjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Garlapaty, A. R....

1753AstrucJ

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text (in French) [iii] English translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragments from the book: Astruc J . Conjectures sur les memoires originaux dont il paroit que Moyse s'est servi pour composer le livre de la Genese (Conjectures on the Original Documents Which Moses Apparently Used in Compiling the Book of Genesis, 1753). In analyzing the book of Genesis, the author cites a French text mentioning a hip injury, damage to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and the consequences of an accident. An Russian translation is available at: 1753AstrucJ . [ii] Original text (in French) Quote p. 176 Genesis. Chap. XXXII A 25. Et quand cest hommeld vid qu’il ne le pouvoit vaincre, il toucha l'enrdroit de l'emboifiement de la hanche d'icelui: ainsi l'emboifiement de l'os de la hanche de Jacob fut entors quand l'homme luictoit avec lui. Quote p. 177...

1845HollsteinL

Fragments from the book Hollstein L. Compendium der Anatomie des Menschen (1865). The author discusses the anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and mentions its synonyms. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. Quote p. 144 Das Lig am. teres s. rotundum femoris (Fig. 50, 7.) hat eine dreieckige Gestalt, und ist mit seiner Basis in dem Fundus acetabuli, mit seiner rundlichen Spitze in der Fovea capitis ossis femoris befestigt. Es besteht aus einem Bündel Sehnenfasern, und erhält von der Synovialmembran einen scheidenformigen Ueberzug; bisweilen existirt letzterer allein, und manchmal felilt das Band ganz und gar. Fig. 50. Seitliche Ansicht der Bänder des Beckens und Hüftgelenks. Quote p. 145 Die weite Synovialmembran überzieht den Schenkelkopf, geht alsdann als Scheide des Ligam. teres zur Gelenkpfanne über, welche sie ebenfalls auskleidet, und schlägt sich hierauf über die ...

1665LindenJA

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text (in Latin) [iii] English translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragment from the book: Linden JA . Magni Hippocratis Coi Opera Omnia Graece Et Latine Edita. Vol. I. (1665). This article presents an excerpt from the treatise «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions) by Hippocrates of Cos (b. 460 BC), translated into Latin. The author describes for the first time the localization and area of distal attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) describit, mentionem in alio tractatu ponens. A translation of this article into Russian is available at the link: 1665LindenJA . The original source in Greek sees at the link: 1844LittreE , and in English at: 1886AdamsF . [ii] Original text (in Latin) Quote pp. 294-295 Vol. I. Ossium natura II. Ipsum aurem femur foras, & in anteriore parte incurvum est. Caput autem ejus appendix eft r...

2008DoddsMK_McCormackD

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Dodds MK et al . Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head: assessment of a novel surgical approach to the dislocating pediatric hip in a porcine model (2008). The article describes an experiment of reconstruction of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in pigs with the formation of a femoral tunnel. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008DoddsMK_McCormackD . [ii] Original text Abstract Background: Acetabular dysplasia and hip instability are common in neuromuscular diseases such as spina bifida and cerebral palsy due to deranged muscle function around the hip. Occasionally in developmental dysplasia of the hip, persistent instability may be difficult to manage by standard treatments. It i...

1803LarreyDJ

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] English translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragment from the book: Larrey DJ. Relation historique et chirurgique de l'expedition de l'armée d'Orient, en Egypte et Syrie (Historical account and surgery of the expedition of the Army of the Orient, in Egypt and Syria, 1803). The author describes exarticulation in the hip joint and the technique of cutting the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which he calls the "interarticular ligament". The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1803LarreyDJ . [ii] Original text (France ) Quote pp. 325-328 Les praticiens qui ont proposé l'extirpation de la cuisse ne sont point d'accord sur la manière de la faire; cependant presque tous, craignant l'hémorragie de l'artère crurale, commencent par la ligature de ce vaisseau, forment ensuite un lambeau aux dépens des muscles ...

Vertebrates

VERTEBRATES According to the molecular clock, a specific method for dating phylogenetic events, vertebrates (Vertebrata) separated from arthropods (Arthropoda) 976±97 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). The latter began to dominate in species diversity with the Cambrian burst of radiation, which occurred 520 Ma (2010EdgecombeGD). This ratio in the fauna of the Earth is still preserved. Approximately 525 Ma, the phylum Chordates separated from the group of bilaterally symmetrical animals (1995ChenJY_ZhouGQ). In turn, the evolution of chordate organisms led to the formation of the first vertebrates at least 500 Ma, from which the jawed mouths 450-400 Ma descended, becoming the ancestors of the placoderms or "armored" fish (Placodermi) (1979 НаумовНП _ КарташевНН ). Sculptural reconstruction of the placoderm Coccosteus from the order Arthrodires, Middle Devonian, 393.3-382.7 Ma ; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. The first cartilaginou...

1900BetheE

Fragments of t he book Pollux J. Onomasticum (166-76) edited by E. Bethe (1900). In Greek the author calls ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) «ἰσχίον», and the concept of «ligament» is designated by the term «νεῦρον / ν εῦρα ». The term «ἰσχίον» was used by Rufus of Ephesus ( 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV ). The fragment of the Onomasticum dealing with the LCF was quoted by Giovanni Filippo Ingrassia ( 1603IngrassiaeIP ) . See our commentary at the link: 1900 BetheE [Rus]. Quote 1. Βιβλίου Β. 186-187 [Grc] καιλεῖται δὲ καὶ τὸ νεῦρον τὸ σ υνέχον τὴν κοτύλην πρὸ σ τὸν μηρὸν ἰ σ χίον. ὁμώνυμον δ’ ἐ σ τιν αύτῷ καὶ τὸ ἄρθρον. καὶ τὸ μὲν [τῇ] κοτύλῃ [ σ υνηρμο σ μένον] ὀ σ τοῦν σ τρογγύλον μηροῦ κεφαλὴ, μηρὸ σ δὲ τὸ ἁπ ὸ το ύ το υ μὲχρ ι γονάτων μὲρο σ , … (original source: 1900BetheE , pp. 140-141 ) Quote 2. Βιβλίου Β. 234 [Grc] Νεῦρα δ’ ἐστι σύνδεσμος ὀστῶν εἴκων τε καὶ τεινόμενος, ἀφ ̓ ὧν κ...

2025ZhangY_MartinRL

We publish without changes an excellent article on the biomechanics of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) by Zhang Y et al. «A finite element analysis model to support ligamentum teres function» (2025). This is an an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery A finite element analysis model to support ligamentum teres function Yongni Zhang , Jianing Wang , Linxia Gu , Hal David Martin , RobRoy L Martin Abstract The function of the ligamentum teres (LT) remains debated, particularly its role in limiting motion. The aim of this study was to use finite element analysis to assess LT stress during hip movements, which included external rotation with flexion. A 3D model of the hip joint, including the femoral hea...

Search This Blog