ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

(Information on the presence in existing and extinct animals...)

LCF of Pithecanthropus In the hip joint of Pithecanthropus (Pithecanthropus erectus, Homo erectus 2.12-0.43 Ma), there was a LCF.
LCF of Australopithecus The Australopithecus afarensis (3.2 Ma) had a ligament of the head of femur.
1802CamperP The author discusses the absence and unknown role of the LCF in the elephant and some monkeys.
1803CamperP The author discusses the absence and unknown role of LCF in the orangutan, elephant, and sloth.
1824MeckelJF The author notes the absence of LCF in orangutans, three-toed sloths and turtles.
1835OwenR The author discusses the absence of the LCF in chimpanzees, orangutans and some other mammals.
1851BarkowHCL The author briefly describes LCF in the tiger and llama.
1864MacalisterA LCF has been observed in ostrich and is noted to be strength.
1869MivartG The author discusses his observations of LCF absence in chimpanzees and orangutans.
1877aWelckerH The author discusses the differences in the anatomy of the LCF in animals: tapir, orangutan, chimpanzee.
1879BischoffTLW The paper discusses the size of the LCF in the gorilla.
1880GadowHF LCF has been observed in rhea, cassowary and ostrich and is noted to be strength.
1880HuxleyTH The author writes about the presence and absence of LCF in some animal species.
1883SuttonJB According to the author, the LCF is a tendon of the pectineus muscle, separated from it in consequence of skeletal modifications.
1884SuttonJB The author discovered that in the ostrich the LCF was not continuous with the ambiens muscle.
1885FlowerWH The author notes the presence of the LCF in almost all mammals and lists the species in which it is absent.
1885SuttonJB The author lists the species of animals in which he did not find the LCF.
1887SuttonJB According to the author, the LCF is a modified tendon of the pectineus muscle.
1889EckerA The author points out the presence of the LCF in the frog and the presence of a similar structure in the shoulder joint.
1894KeithA The paper discusses the development, anatomy, strength, and presence of the ligamentum LCF in various monkeys.
1898LeiseringAGT The author describes the LCF in the horse and its accessory ligament.
1899ParsonsFG The paper discusses the anatomy, role and presence of the LCF in different animals.
1932StolpeM The author studied the LCF in birds, mainly waterfowl, the strength is noted and the role.
1934FrancisETB The author points out that the salamander has two acetabular ligaments, analogous to the LCF.
1971CracraftJ LCF has been studied in the pigeon, its strength has been noted and its biomechanics has been described.
1993BaumelJ. The attachment sites of the LCF in birds are indicated.
2009FrandsonRD_FailsAD The authors discuss the terminology, structure, and role of the LCF in the horse.
THE OLDEST LCF. The first quadruped with LCF

Comments

The First Scientific Mention

European science has known the LCF for about 2500 years. It is the most important functional connection of the hip joint. The first person to describe the LCF was Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). A written mention of the LCF is found in §1 of his treatise "On the Instrument of redactions". In our opinion, a book created in the library of the Asclepeion of the island of Kos. Hippocrates did not dissection of the human body, did not operate on the hip joint, did not have a CT scan and MRI. How he could discover the LCF? In our view, it is possible that Hippocrates treated a patient with an open hip dislocation. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip dislocation . ...

LCF in English Bibles

The primary source for translating the Bible into English is the Hebrew literary monument Torah. In its first part, the Book of Bereshit (32:33 ) , there is a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which in Hebrew is called « גיד » (gheed, gid) (1923, 2004PreussJ; 2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Probably one of the earliest written translations of the Bible into Old English was made by Ælfric of Eynsham, who worked approximately between 955–1010 CE (1050Aelfric’s). In Aelfric's Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase, the Hebrew concept of « גיד » [gheed], that is, LCF, is mentioned twice in the 25th and 32nd verses of the XXXII Chapter of the Book of Genesis and is called «sine» ( Figure 1, 2 ). In Middle English, translators Nicholas of Hereford and John Wycliffe named LCF as «synwe», and in John Purvey's Bible edition - «senewe» (1850ForshallJ_MaddenF). In Bibles in Early Modern English, LCF is designated as «senow» and «senowe» (1530TyndaleW; 1535CoverdaleM; 1...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

1994(b)ArkhipovSV

Artificial hip joint (Искусственный тазобедренный сустав конструкции С.В. Архипова) Patent Application RU94040447A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU94040447/14A events 1994-11-04 Application filed by С.В. Архипов 1994-11-04 Priority to RU94040447/14A 1996-09-20 Publication of RU94040447A Claims 1. An artificial hip joint of the design of S .V. Arkhipov , comprising a body equipped with a self-cutting thread, and a spherical head, characterized in that the body has a spherical cavity in which the head is mounted so that a movable, one-piece connection is formed, in addition, the head is equipped with a sleeve with a longitudinal conical hole. 2. The artificial joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the body cavity has a shaped groove. 3. The artificial joint according to claims 1, 2, characterized in that the head mounted in the cavity has a longitudinal backlash. 4. An artificial joint a...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

University_of_Guelph(website)

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation A quote from an article on the University of Guelph website. The publication mentions the animal's ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and states its function: fixing the femoral head in the acetabulum. The text in Russian is available at the following link: University_of_Guelph(website) . [ii] Original text Quote 1. Hindlimb skeleton. Femur [animals] The articular head of the femur is deeply rounded and it bears a round ligament that holds it into the acetabulum. [iii] Illustrations – [iv] Source & links STRUCTURE OF THE SKELETON. 2023. animalbiosciences.uoguelph.ca [v] Notes The work is cited in the following publications: [vi] Authors & Affiliations Unive...

BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP JOINT WITHOUT LCF

Biomechanics of the hip joint without LCF Do you remember the comparison of the ligamentum teres with the spring element of a cart? ( 1874SavoryWS ). An analogy could arise after reading the book Bell J. The Principles of Surgery (1801) . Most orthopedists still think so. For more details see: https://roundligament.blogspot.com/2024/04/1836-1840partridger.html & 1836-1840PartridgeR (remembering the history of orthopedics) #ligamentum_teres #ligamentum_capitis_femoris #hip #biomechanics Publication in the facebook group 03/28/2025. ...

The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII

The chosen fragment records ancient views on the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnosis of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury. The author describes the emotional status, work capacity of the patient, circumstances, time, and place of the injury, as a physician in the modern medical record (Genesis 32:8-33:20). Further in the text, apparently, a pathoanatomical investigation is mentioned, confirming the antemortem diagnosis, place of dissection (Genesis 50:2-3), as well as the location of the burial of embalmed remains (Genesis 50:13). Our comments on chapters 32-33 are presented in the table. The quotes are based on the translation of the Book of Bereshit (Genesis) from Hebrew by Isaac Leeser (1922). The shortest comments Quotes from the original source Emotional status and the name of injured person. 32:8 Then Jacob was greatly afraid, and he felt distress...

Tweet of December 19, 2025

Edwin Smith Papyrus vis-à-vis Book of Genesis A correspondence was found between the level of medical knowledge in the Edwin Smith Papyrus and the Book of Genesis; they were written during the same historical period. see: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2025/11/lcf-1.html Tweet of December 19, 2025 #Edwin_Smith_Papyrus #Genesis #Book_of_Genesis #Ancient_Egypt BLOG CONTENT TWITTER OR X

The Birth of the Earth

The Birth of the Earth The solar system arose 4.5682-4.567 billion years ago (2013HazenRM). It has been found with an accuracy of 1% that the substance of the "Earth-Moon-meteorite" complex is 4.55-4.51 billion years old (2001DalrympleGB). The outlined segment is the immediate beginning of the arrangement of our Home in the Universe. One of the most important conditions for the emergence of life is liquid water (2002ChybaCF_PhillipsCB). Analysis of lithosphere particles aged 4406 (+14/-17) million years showed that they crystallized under conditions of increased water pressure (2012O'NeilJ_FrancisD). Accordingly, moisture was present no later than 160 million years after the "establishment" of the planet. The explanation for this is the proven presence of water in the accretion disk of the newborn Sun, which the Earth could have received in a volume equivalent to one to three oceans (2005DrakeMJ). According to a conservative estimate, half of the Earth's w...

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