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THE OLDEST LCF

 

The very first four-legged animal, the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae, lived about 375 million years ago. Based on indirect evidence (paired notches of the acetabulum), we believe that in the hip joint it had two ligaments of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). A similar anatomy of the hip joint is preserved in the salamander.

Illustration

Tiktaalik roseae is the first animal to have a LCF

A) 3D model of the right pelvic bone of the fish Tiktaalik roseae (fragment of a screenshot: media.hhmi.org), where we depicted the dissected anterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.ant.) and posterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.post.), that are attached to the corresponding notches of the acetabulum (inc.ac.ant. & inc.ac.post.). Below the pelvis is a photograph of our model of the Tiktaalik roseae femur with fragments of two LCFs (a fossil femur of Tiktaalik roseae has not yet been discovered).

B) View of a salamander femur with a proximal fragment of the iliac ligament (lig.il.) and a proximal fragment of the pubic ligament (lig.pb.); Figure 32 from 1934FrancisETB (signatures transformed by us).

.                                                                     .

References:

Shubin N. Your inner fish: a journey into the 3.5-billion-year history of the human body. New York: Vintage books, 2008.

Francis ETB. The anatomy of the salamander. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1934. [archive.org]


Keywords:

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, paleontology, evolution

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