THE OLDEST LCF

The very first four-legged animal, the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae, lived about 375 million years ago. Based on indirect evidence (paired notches of the acetabulum), we believe that in the hip joint it had two ligaments of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). A similar anatomy of the hip joint is preserved in the salamander.

Illustration

Tiktaalik roseae is the first animal to have a LCF

A) 3D model of the right pelvic bone of the fish Tiktaalik roseae (fragment of a screenshot: media.hhmi.org), where we depicted the dissected anterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.ant.) and posterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.post.), that are attached to the corresponding notches of the acetabulum (inc.ac.ant. & inc.ac.post.). Below the pelvis is a photograph of our model of the Tiktaalik roseae femur with fragments of two LCFs (a fossil femur of Tiktaalik roseae has not yet been discovered).

B) View of a salamander femur with a proximal fragment of the iliac ligament (lig.il.) and a proximal fragment of the pubic ligament (lig.pb.); Figure 32 from 1934FrancisETB (signatures transformed by us).

. .

References:

Shubin N. Your inner fish: a journey into the 3.5-billion-year history of the human body. New York: Vintage books, 2008.

Francis ETB. The anatomy of the salamander. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1934. [archive.org]

Keywords:

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, paleontology, evolution

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Great Compilation. Introduction

English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 . The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution . Introduction By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Content [iv] External links [v] Application [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached ...

Great Compilation. Content

English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 . The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution . Content By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Content [Eng] [iii] Content [Rus] [iv] External links [v] Application [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reache...

Great Compilation. References

English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 . The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. References By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] References [iii] Content [iv] External links [v] Application [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and r...

Great Compilation. Chapter 1

English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 . The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 1 By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 1 Analysis [iii] Notes to Chapter 1 [iv] AI Agent's Conclusion [v] Content [vi] External links [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed...

Great Compilation. Conclusion

English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 . The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ . The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution . Conclusion By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Conclusion [iii] Content [iv] External links [v] Application [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its...

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LCF in 2025 ( November ) (Quotes from articles and books published in November 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Awad, A., Rizk, A., ElAlfy, M., Hamed, M., Abdelghany, A. M., Mosbah, E., ... & Karrouf, G. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Platelet Rich Fibrin on Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis Repair in a Rat Model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials , 113 (11), e35672. [i] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Loughzail, M. R., Aguenaou, O., Fekhaoui, M. R., Mekkaoui, J., Bassir, R. A., Boufettal, M., ... & Lamrani, M. O. (2025). Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Sch J Med Case Rep , 10 , 2483-2486. [ii] saspublishers.com , saspublishers.com Vertesich, K., Noebauer-Huhmann, I. M., Schreiner, M., Schneider, E., Willegger...

1779SandifortE

The author talks about an anatomical specimen of a femur that does not have a fossa of the femoral head – the area of attachment of the ligament of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). This publication was later mentioned by 1830HildebrandtGF_WeberEH . Sandifort E. Observationes anatomico-pathologicæ, Liber III. Lugdunum Batavorum: Apud P.v.d. Eyk et D. Vygh, 1779. Quote p. 1 35 Femoris ossis caput absque illa fovea, cui adnectere sese ligamentum teres solet, ostensum nostro in Theatro est, dum totum hocce ligamentum plane deërat (i). The head of the femur without the pit to which the ligamentum teres usually attaches was shown to us in Theatre [Anatomical Theater], while in this case the entire ligament was completely absent (i). (i) Conf. Salzmann Decas Obfervat. illuftr. Anatom. Argentor. 1725. obf. 7. in Halleri Collect. Difput. Anatom, vol. 6. pag. 694. (i) Conf. Salzman...

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Tweet of February 17, 2026

The study has revealed extensive literary parallels, cosmogonic similarities, and significant lexical and cultural borrowings in the Genesis from Mesopotamia and, most notably, from Egypt. See: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2026/02/blog-post.html [Ru] Tweet of February 17, 2026 #Bible # Genesis #ligamentum_teres BLOG CONTENT TWITTER OR X

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