THE OLDEST LCF

The very first four-legged animal, the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae, lived about 375 million years ago. Based on indirect evidence (paired notches of the acetabulum), we believe that in the hip joint it had two ligaments of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). A similar anatomy of the hip joint is preserved in the salamander.

Illustration

Tiktaalik roseae is the first animal to have a LCF

A) 3D model of the right pelvic bone of the fish Tiktaalik roseae (fragment of a screenshot: media.hhmi.org), where we depicted the dissected anterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.ant.) and posterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.post.), that are attached to the corresponding notches of the acetabulum (inc.ac.ant. & inc.ac.post.). Below the pelvis is a photograph of our model of the Tiktaalik roseae femur with fragments of two LCFs (a fossil femur of Tiktaalik roseae has not yet been discovered).

B) View of a salamander femur with a proximal fragment of the iliac ligament (lig.il.) and a proximal fragment of the pubic ligament (lig.pb.); Figure 32 from 1934FrancisETB (signatures transformed by us).

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References:

Shubin N. Your inner fish: a journey into the 3.5-billion-year history of the human body. New York: Vintage books, 2008.

Francis ETB. The anatomy of the salamander. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1934. [archive.org]

Keywords:

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, paleontology, evolution

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THE GIFTS OF THE MAGI FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS

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Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article : Sarassa C. et al . I ntraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance S tability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes (2025). The article describes a technique for fixing the femoral head using the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025SarassaC_HerreraAM . [ii] Original text Abstract Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with complete dislocation (grade ≥III) in older patients often requires open reduction. However, achieving long-term stability remains challenging. This study introduces and evaluates a novel surgical technique, intraosseous tunneling ...

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Article: White BJ et al. Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report (2018). A case of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reconstruction using a tendon graft is described. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2018WhiteBJ_HerzogMM . Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report White BJ, Scoles AM, Herzog MM CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract This study aims to present the surgical technique for reconstructing both the acetabular labrum and the ligamentum teres and to describe the early outcomes of this procedure in a 15-year-old male with recurrent hip instability. A 15-year-old patient with recurrent left hip dislocation, hip joint instability and failed non-operative intervention presented f...

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New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. February 01, 2026 LCF in 2026 (January) Q uotes from articles and b ooks published in January 2025 mentioning the LCF. January 31, 2026 Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», January 2026 January 22, 2026 Full access to the PDF version of the book: Human Children January 16, 2026 The necessary is needed by no one (facebook) January 15, 2026 Tweet of January 15, 2026 A Novel Technique for Proximal Fixation (facebook) January 14, 2026 2026 ArkhipovSV. THE GIFTS OF THE MAGI FOR ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS ( A Novel Technique for Proximal Fixatio...

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