LCF of Australopithecus

The Afar Australopithecus (Australopithecus afarensis) had a ligament of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), as well as a ligamentum teres (rounded/round ligament). Remains of a female specimen of this species were found in Ethiopia, conventionally referred to as 'Lucy' who lived approximately 3.2 million years ago (1994KimbelWH_RakY; 2004JohansonDC). On the preserved femoral head, a well-defined pit of the femoral head is noticeable—the trace of the distal attachment of the LCF. The location of the pit on the femoral head in Australopithecus afarensis and Homo sapiens is the same. Therefore, it can be assumed that Lucy walked similarly to anatomically modern humans.

Illustration:

Australopithecus afarensis had LCF

3D model of the proximal left femur of Afar Australopithecus (Australopithecus afarensis, AL 2501.1rp17); dorsal view (fragment of screenshot: sketchfab.com). The arrow indicates the fovea of the femoral head - the place of attachment of the LCF (lig. teres).

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References:

Kimbel WH, Johanson DC, Rak Y. The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature. 1994;368(6470)449-51.

Johanson DC. Lucy, thirty years later: an expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of anthropological research. 2004;60(4)465-86.

keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, связка головки бедра, круглая связка, anatomy, paleontology

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