English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра. 14.02.2026. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ
The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 13
By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD
CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 13 Analysis [iii] Notes to Chapter 13 [iv] AI Agent's Conclusion [v] Content [vi] External links [vii] Application |
The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera. This study argues that the work was the result of a collaboration between an Egyptian polymath and a distinguished scribe of Asiatic descent. By analyzing ancient texts, anatomical descriptions, archaeological data, Bronze Age cultural history, and climatic markers, this article demonstrates that the book emerged from the work of a high-ranking socio-political committee within the Egyptian House of Life. We argue that the inclusion of precise anatomical data, such as the ligamentum capitis femoris, serves as a diagnostic marker of this Egyptian medical-scribal collaboration, challenging the late-date theories of the documentary hypothesis.
[ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 13 Analysis
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Excerpt from the
Book of Genesis (1922LeeserI:15-16)
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Type of
similarity and justification |
Ancient Near
Eastern and Egyptian Contexts (Parallels, Analogies, Convergences,
Borrowings, and Inversions in Archaeology, Culture, Medical Knowledge, and
Historical Facts: Mesopotamia, the Levant, Anatolia, and the Nile Valley)
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Глава 13 |
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1 And Abram went up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that he
had, and Lot with him. into the south. 2 And Abram was very rich in cattle,
in silver, and in gold. 3 And he went on his journeys from the south even to
Beth-el, unto the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between
Beth-el and Ai ;
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Anti-epidemic segregation and
toponymic verification. The mention of minor settlements in
the Southern Levant as the location of an observation post during the
implementation of a sanitary protocol. |
Egypt On the verso
of the «Edwin Smith Papyrus» (1650–1550 BCE), there are three spells for
«protection» against certain epidemics (Incantations № 1–3). One magical
formula (Incantation № 7) was recited during the disinfection of belongings
«against the plague», while another (Incantation № 6) was used in the event
of accidentally swallowing a flying insect (1930BreastedJH:473–478,482,483; sae.saw-leipzig.de). In these spells, we discern utterances that
accompanied anti-epidemic measures. According to Herodotus (5th century BCE), priests in Egypt were
meticulous about cleanliness: «Every three days the priests shave the hair on
their bodies... Twice a day and twice a night they perform ablutions in cold
water and, in short, observe a multitude of other rites.» Furthermore, all
Egyptians wash their dishes and «wear linen garments, always freshly
laundered» (1972Геродот:2.37). Plutarch (1st–2nd century CE)
discusses the special attitude toward personal hygiene on the part of
Egyptian priests and their attention to water as a substance capable of
negatively affecting humans and animals (1996Плутарх:4-5,75).
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3 And he went on his journeys from the south even to Beth-el, unto the
place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Ai ;
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Toponymic verification. The correspondence between the biblical text and archaeological data
constitutes a topographical parallel that confirms the actual geographical
coexistence of the mentioned settlements during the specified historical period. |
Levant Bethel is identified with the village of Beitin, which was inhabited
between 2200–2000 BCE; from 2000–1500 BCE, the settlement featured a wall and
a gate; around 1550 BCE, it was destroyed and subsequently resettled between
1400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN). Ai is associated with the ruins of Et-Tell, where settlement began in
3200–3100 BCE; from 3100–2950 BCE, it existed as a fortified city, which
remained abandoned from 2400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN).
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4 Unto the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first ;
and Abram called there on the name of the Lord. |
Numerological canon. The similarity in the use of the number 12 serves as a tool for
organizing chaos, transforming biological offspring or body fragments into a
complete, sacred structure. |
Egypt According to the legend, «The
search for the parts of Osiris’s dismembered body continued for twelve days»
(2004РакИВ:81). In particular, the «Papyrus Jumilhac» (1st century BCE) reports
twelve days of searching for the body parts of Osiris; the duration of the
following is also associated with this number: «the twelve days of the
plowing festival, celebrated throughout the country: these are the days when
the members of the god, found in the cities and nomes, were gathered
together» (1983ЛипинскаяЯ_МарцинякМ:60).
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14 And the Lord said unto Abram, after Lot was separated from him.
Lift up now thy eyes, and look from the place where thou art, northward, and
southward, and eastward, and westward ; 15 For all the land which thou seest,
to thee will I give it, and to thy seed for ever. 16 And I will make thy seed
as the dust of the earth ; so that if a man can number the dust of the earth,
then shall thy seed also be numbered. 17 Arise, walk through the land in the
length of it and in the breadth of it ; for unto thee will I give it.
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Psychopathological symptomatology. The similarity in recording an
altered state of consciousness (hallucinations and delusions), which may
result from trauma on the one hand, and a space-occupying lesion in the brain
on the other." |
Egypt In the myth «The Contendings of
Horus and Seth», the gods hail the coronation of Horus: «And they said to
him: "You are the beautiful king of Egypt and you are the lord of the
festival of every land forever and ever"» (1940МатьеМВ:97). In the «Edwin Smith Papyrus» (1650–1550 BCE), case № 22 describes a
fixed gaze in a patient with a severe cranial injury
(2014MeltzerES_SanchezGM:158; sae.saw-leipzig.de). In this
situation, it apparently refers to a cerebral contusion with a fracture of
the skull base, as bleeding from the nasal passages is specified.
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18 Then Abram pitched his tent, and came and dwelt in the grove of
Mamre, which is in Hebron ; and he built there an altar unto the Lord.
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Toponymic verification. The correspondence between the biblical text and
archaeological data constitutes a topographical parallel that confirms the
actual geographical coexistence of the mentioned settlement during the
specified historical period. |
Levant Hebron flourished in the 17th-16th centuries and then was destroyed
and remained deserted throughout the Late Bronze Age. The date of Foundation
is still unclear (2005Na'amanN:180).
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Bethel is
identified with the village of Beitin (31°55'36"N, 35°14'28"E).
Humans occupied this location between 2200–2000 BCE; from 2000–1500 BCE, the
settlement featured a wall and a gate; around 1550 BCE, it was destroyed and
subsequently resettled between 1400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN).
Ai (Khirbet Tel Ai, 31°55'N, 35°15'42"E) was associated in the 19th century with the ruins of Et-Tell near Beitin (2004DavisTW; 2019WallachE). Humans settled there in 3200–3100 BCE; from 3100–2950 BCE, it existed as a fortified city, which remained abandoned from 2400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN).
(The conclusion compiled by the AI agent, with our minor changes)
Preliminary Conclusion to the Analysis of Genesis Chapter 13
Based on the synthesis of archaeological and textual data, the following historical-clinical framework is established:
Chronological
Anchoring (17th–16th Centuries BCE)
The archaeological evidence indicates that Hebron flourished in the 17th–16th centuries BCE (2005Na'amanN), while Bethel (Beitin) was a fortified settlement with walls and gates during the period of 2000–1500 BCE (1992FreedmanDN). This creates a specific chronological window for the narrative's setting, as the subsequent destruction of these sites (c. 1550 BCE) and the abandonment of Ai (2400–1200 BCE) align the patriarchs’ presence with the Middle Bronze Age.
Toponymic
Verification and Sanitary Segregation
The synchronization of the biblical migration route (South—Bethel—Ai—Hebron) with verified sites inhabited in the 2nd millennium BCE allows for a model of anti-epidemic segregation. In this framework, the movement from Egypt (a region with documented sanitary protocols in the 17th century BCE per the Edwin Smith Papyrus) to the minor settlements of the Southern Levant is analyzed as the implementation of an observation protocol.
Numerological
and Structural Ordering
The Egyptian «twelve days» of searching for Osiris (Papyrus Jumilhac) and the subsequent «assembling of members» represent a numerological canon. This serves as a tool for organizing chaos, potentially reflecting how the narrative of Gen 13 transitions from the "disorder" of Egypt to the structured settlement and «altar-building» in the promised land.
Clinical
Symptomatology and Gaze
The description of a «fixed gaze» in the 1650–1550 BCE medical papyri provides a clinical precedent for analyzing the act of «lifting up the eyes» (Gen 13:10, 14). This suggests a parallelism between reported visionary experiences and documented psychopathological symptomatology (altered states of consciousness) resulting from cranial trauma or space-occupying lesions.
Summary
The
scientific analysis of Genesis Chapter 13, supported by archaeological and
papyrological data, identifies the 17th–16th centuries BCE as the primary
historical horizon for the narrative's material culture. Through toponymic
verification, the text is shown to reflect a reality where the Southern Levant
served as an observation point for individuals adhering to Egyptian sanitary
and numerological protocols. This multidisciplinary approach reveals a
structural parallel between ancient medical observations of altered
consciousness and the textual recording of visions.
Sumer (c. 3300 – before 1900 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2543 – c. 2120 BCE) britannica.com
The Third Dynasty of Ur (22nd – 21st cent. BCE) britannica.com
The First Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 2118 – c. 1980 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Babylonian period of Egypt (2000 – 1595 BCE) onlinelibrary.wiley.com
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1980 – c. 1760 BCE) britannica.com
The Second Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 1759 – c. 1539 BCE) britannica.com
The New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1539 – c. 1077 BCE) britannica.com
Authors of the article
Arkhipov S.V. – Independent Researcher, MD, PhD, Orthopedic Surgeon, Medical Writer, Joensuu, Finland.
Correspondence: Sergey Arkhipov, email: archipovsv @ gmail.com
Article history
February 28, 2026 - online version of the article published.
Suggested citation
Arkhipov S.V. The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 13. About round ligament of femur. February 28, 2026.
Note
Keywords
Genesis Protograph, Bereshit Protograph, Hyksos-era Scriptorium, Ligamentum Teres, Ligamentum Capitis Femoris, Minoan Eruption Impact, Bronze Age, Middle Egyptian Origin, Cross-cultural Codification, Ancient Medicine, Biblical Chronology
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