English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра. 14.02.2026. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ
The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 13
By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD
CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 13 Analysis [iii] Notes to Chapter 13 [iv] AI Agent's Conclusion [v] Content [vi] External links [vii] Application |
The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera. This study argues that the work was the result of a collaboration between an Egyptian polymath and a distinguished scribe of Asiatic descent. By analyzing ancient texts, anatomical descriptions, archaeological data, Bronze Age cultural history, and climatic markers, this article demonstrates that the book emerged from the work of a high-ranking socio-political committee within the Egyptian House of Life. We argue that the inclusion of precise anatomical data, such as the ligamentum capitis femoris, serves as a diagnostic marker of this Egyptian medical-scribal collaboration, challenging the late-date theories of the documentary hypothesis.
[ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 13 Analysis
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Excerpts from the
Book of Genesis (1922LeeserI:15–16)
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Type of
Similarity and Justification |
Ancient Near
Eastern and Egyptian Contexts (Parallels,
Analogies, Similarity, Borrowings, Inversions)
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1 And Abram went
up out of Egypt, he, and his wife, and all that he had, and Lot with him.
into the south. 2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.
3 And he went on his journeys from the south even to Beth-el, unto the place
where his tent had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Ai ;
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Anti-Epidemic Segregation and Toponymic
Verification The mention of minor settlements in
the Southern Levant as the location of an observation post during the
implementation of a sanitary protocol. |
Egypt On the verso of the «Edwin Smith Papyrus» (1650–1550 BCE), there are
three spells for «protection» against certain epidemics (Incantations № 1–3).
One magical formula (Incantation № 7) was recited during the disinfection of
belongings «against the plague», while another (Incantation № 6) was used in
the event of accidentally swallowing a flying insect
(1930BreastedJH:473–478,482,483; sae.saw-leipzig.de). In these spells, we discern utterances that
accompanied anti-epidemic measures. According to
Herodotus (5th century BCE), priests in Egypt were meticulous about
cleanliness: «Every three days the priests shave the hair on their bodies...
Twice a day and twice a night they perform ablutions in cold water and, in
short, observe a multitude of other rites.» Furthermore, all Egyptians wash
their dishes and «wear linen garments, always freshly laundered» (1972Геродот:2.37). Plutarch (1st–2nd century CE) discusses the special
attitude toward personal hygiene on the part of Egyptian priests and their
attention to water as a substance capable of negatively affecting humans and
animals (1996Плутарх:4–5,75).
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3 And he went on
his journeys from the south even to Beth-el, unto the place where his tent
had been at the beginning, between Beth-el and Ai ;
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Toponymic Verification The correspondence between the
biblical text and archaeological data constitutes a topographical parallel
that confirms the actual geographical coexistence of the mentioned
settlements during the specified historical period. |
Levant Bethel is
identified with the village of Beitin, which was inhabited between 2200–2000
BCE; from 2000–1500 BCE, the settlement featured a wall and a gate; around
1550 BCE, it was destroyed and subsequently resettled between 1400–1200 BCE
(1992FreedmanDN). Similarly, Ai
is associated with the ruins of Et-Tell, where settlement began in 3200–3100
BCE; from 3100–2950 BCE, it existed as a fortified city, which remained
abandoned from 2400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN). See note!
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4 Unto the place
of the altar, which he had made there at the first ; and Abram called there
on the name of the Lord. |
Numerological Canon The similarity in the use of the
number 12 serves as a tool for organizing chaos, transforming biological
offspring or body fragments into a complete, sacred structure. |
Egypt According to the legend, «The search for the parts of Osiris’s
dismembered body continued for twelve days» (2004РакИВ:81). In particular, the «Papyrus Jumilhac» (1st century BCE) reports
twelve days of searching for the body parts of Osiris; the duration of the
following is also associated with this number: «the twelve days of the
plowing festival, celebrated throughout the country: these are the days when
the members of the god, found in the cities and nomes, were gathered
together» (1983ЛипинскаяЯ_МарцинякМ:60).
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7 And there arose
a strife between the herdmen of Abram's cattle, and the herdmen of Lot's
cattle : and the Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelled then in the land. ... 12
Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan; and Lot dwelt in the cities of the plain,
and pitched his tents, till close to Sodom. |
Ethnopolitical Isomorphism The presence of the term «Canaan»
is characteristic of diplomatic correspondence and legal archives of the
18th–15th centuries BCE. |
Levant The inhabitants
of Canaan are mentioned in a letter from Ashmad to Askudum (Mari archive, ARM
26/1 24): «Send me a hundred Canaanites <…> awaiting the arrival of the
Canaanites» (1988CharpinD:152–154). In another letter (ARM 26/1 140, Mari archive) from Nur-Addu
addressed to Zimri-Lim, «Yakhsib-El, the Canaanite» is mentioned
(1988CharpinD:303–305). The Mari
archive, a key Mesopotamian source, dates to the first half of the 18th
century BCE (1956Munn-RankinJM:106). Furthermore, according to Na'aman, «It
is thus evident that in mid–18th century BCE people called
"Canaanites" lived south of the kingdom of Qatna [south of Syria], i.e., in the
same area where they are located in the Late Bronze Age.» (1994NaʾamanN:398).
Notably, «The earliest
occurrence of the geographical term [Canaan] outside the Old Testament is in
the Idrimi statue from Alalakh, which dates to about the middle of the
fifteenth century B.C.» (1961GibsonJC:217). Additionally, «The word Canaan comes from Hurrian
Kinahhu, which is attested by the documents from Nuzi (15th century BCE) and
which is supposed to be a Hurrian word for the colour of purple.»
(1991LemcheNP:26). |
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10 And Lot lifted
up his eyes, and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered
everywhere; before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, (it was) like the
garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, till thou comest unto Zoär. 11
Then Lot chose himself all the plain of Jordan ; and Lot journeyed east : and
they separated themselves the one from the other.
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Topographic Authenticity The identified spatial similarity between the biblical narrative and
the physical geography of the region confirms the historical rootedness of
the text in the actual landscape of Palestine. |
Levant The Jordan
originates in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains at altitudes up to 3,000 meters.
Further, the river flows south, forming the Sea of Galilee, upon exiting
which it flows through the Jordan Valley, surrounded by the Judean
(Judeo-Samarian), Gilead, and Abarim mountains. Ultimately, the stream
discharges into the Dead Sea. The distance traversed by the river between the
Sea of Galilee and the Dead Sea is approximately 105 km (2024АрхиповСВ:80). |
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14 And the Lord
said unto Abram, after Lot was separated from him. Lift up now thy eyes, and
look from the place where thou art, northward, and southward, and eastward,
and westward ; 15 For all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give it,
and to thy seed for ever. 16 And I will make thy seed as the dust of the
earth ; so that if a man can number the dust of the earth, then shall thy
seed also be numbered. 17 Arise, walk through the land in the length of it
and in the breadth of it ; for unto thee will I give it.
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Psychopathological Symptomatology The similarity in recording an
altered state of consciousness (hallucinations and delusions), which may
result from trauma on the one hand, and a space-occupying lesion in the brain
on the other. |
Egypt In the myth the
«Contendings of Horus and Seth», the gods hail
the coronation of Horus: «And they said to him: "You are the beautiful
king of Egypt and you are the lord of the festival of every land forever and
ever"» (1940МатьеМВ:97). Furthermore, in
the
«Edwin Smith Papyrus» (1650–1550 BCE), Case № 22 describes a fixed gaze in a
patient with a severe cranial injury (2014MeltzerES_SanchezGM:158; sae.saw-leipzig.de). In this
situation, the text apparently
refers to a cerebral contusion with a fracture of the skull base, as bleeding
from the nasal passages is specified.
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18 Then Abram
pitched his tent, and came and dwelt in the grove of Mamre, which is in
Hebron ; and he built there an altar unto the Lord.
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Toponymic
Verification The correspondence
between the biblical text and archaeological data constitutes a topographical
parallel that confirms the actual geographical coexistence of the mentioned
settlement during the specified historical period. |
Levant Hebron flourished
in the 17th–16th centuries BCE, but was subsequently destroyed and remained deserted throughout the
Late Bronze Age. The date of its foundation remains unclear (2005Na'amanN:180).
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Bethel & Ai
Bethel is identified with the
village of Beitin (31°55'36"N, 35°14'28"E). Humans occupied this
location between 2200–2000 BCE; from 2000–1500 BCE, the settlement featured a
wall and a gate; around 1550 BCE, it was destroyed and subsequently resettled
between 1400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN).
Similarly,
Ai (Khirbet Tel Ai,
31°55'N, 35°15'42"E) was associated in the 19th century with the ruins of
Et-Tell near Beitin (2004DavisTW; 2019WallachE). Humans settled there in
3200–3100 BCE; from 3100–2950 BCE, it existed as a fortified city, which
remained abandoned from 2400–1200 BCE (1992FreedmanDN).
(The conclusion compiled by the AI agent, with our minor changes)
Preliminary Conclusion to the Analysis of Genesis Chapter 13
Based on the synthesis of archaeological and textual data, the following historical-clinical framework is established:
Chronological Anchoring (17th–16th Centuries BCE)
The archaeological evidence indicates that Hebron flourished in the 17th–16th centuries BCE (2005Na'amanN), while Bethel (Beitin) was a fortified settlement with walls and gates during the period of 2000–1500 BCE (1992FreedmanDN). This creates a specific chronological window for the narrative's setting, as the subsequent destruction of these sites (c. 1550 BCE) and the abandonment of Ai (2400–1200 BCE) align the patriarchs’ presence with the Middle Bronze Age.
Toponymic
Verification and Sanitary Segregation
The synchronization of the biblical migration route (South—Bethel—Ai—Hebron) with verified sites inhabited in the 2nd millennium BCE allows for a model of anti-epidemic segregation. In this framework, the movement from Egypt (a region with documented sanitary protocols in the 17th century BCE per the Edwin Smith Papyrus) to the minor settlements of the Southern Levant is analyzed as the implementation of an observation protocol.
Numerological
and Structural Ordering
The Egyptian «twelve days» of searching for Osiris (Papyrus Jumilhac) and the subsequent «assembling of members» represent a numerological canon. This serves as a tool for organizing chaos, potentially reflecting how the narrative of Gen 13 transitions from the "disorder" of Egypt to the structured settlement and «altar-building» in the promised land.
Clinical
Symptomatology and Gaze
The description of a «fixed gaze» in the 1650–1550 BCE medical papyri provides a clinical precedent for analyzing the act of «lifting up the eyes» (Gen 13:10, 14). This suggests a parallelism between reported visionary experiences and documented psychopathological symptomatology (altered states of consciousness) resulting from cranial trauma or space-occupying lesions.
Summary
The
scientific analysis of Genesis Chapter 13, supported by archaeological and
papyrological data, identifies the 17th–16th centuries BCE as the primary
historical horizon for the narrative's material culture. Through toponymic
verification, the text is shown to reflect a reality where the Southern Levant
served as an observation point for individuals adhering to Egyptian sanitary
and numerological protocols. This multidisciplinary approach reveals a
structural parallel between ancient medical observations of altered
consciousness and the textual recording of visions.
Sumer (c. 3300 – before 1900 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2543 – c. 2120 BCE) britannica.com
The Third Dynasty of Ur (22nd – 21st cent. BCE) britannica.com
The First Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 2118 – c. 1980 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Babylonian period of Egypt (2000 – 1595 BCE) onlinelibrary.wiley.com
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1980 – c. 1760 BCE) britannica.com
The Second Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 1759 – c. 1539 BCE) britannica.com
The New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1539 – c. 1077 BCE) britannica.com
Authors of the article
Arkhipov S.V. – Independent Researcher, MD, PhD, Orthopedic Surgeon, Medical Writer, Joensuu, Finland.
Correspondence: Sergey Arkhipov, email: archipovsv @ gmail.com
Article history
February 28, 2026 - online version of the article published.
Suggested citation
Arkhipov S.V. The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 13. About round ligament of femur. February 28, 2026.
Note
Keywords
Genesis Protograph, Bereshit Protograph, Hyksos-era Scriptorium, Ligamentum Teres, Ligamentum Capitis Femoris, Minoan Eruption Impact, Bronze Age, Middle Egyptian Origin, Cross-cultural Codification, Ancient Medicine, Biblical Chronology
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