English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра. 14.02.2026. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ
The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 4
By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD
CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 4 Analysis [iii] Notes to Chapter 4 [iv] AI Agent's Conclusion [v] Content [vi] External links [vii] Application |
The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera. This study argues that the work was the result of a collaboration between an Egyptian polymath and a distinguished scribe of Asiatic descent. By analyzing ancient texts, anatomical descriptions, archaeological data, Bronze Age cultural history, and climatic markers, this article demonstrates that the book emerged from the work of a high-ranking socio-political committee within the Egyptian House of Life. We argue that the inclusion of precise anatomical data, such as the ligamentum capitis femoris, serves as a diagnostic marker of this Egyptian medical-scribal collaboration, challenging the late-date theories of the documentary hypothesis.
[ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 4 Analysis
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Excerpt from the
Book of Genesis (1922LeeserI:6-7)
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Type of
similarity and justification |
Ancient Near
Eastern and Egyptian Contexts (Parallels,
Analogies, Convergences, Borrowings, and Inversions in Archaeology, Culture,
Medical Knowledge, and Historical Facts: Mesopotamia, the Levant, Anatolia,
and the Nile Valley)
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8 And Cain talked with Abel his brother : and it came to pass when
they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew
him. 9 And the Lord said unto Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I
know not; am I my brother's keeper ? 10 And he said. What hast thou done ? the
voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground. 11 And now be
thou cursed from the ground, which hath opened its mouth to receive thy
brother's blood from thy hand :
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Narrative Similarity. Both texts present the archetypal motif of fratricide, featuring an
attempt by the perpetrator to conceal the deed.
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Egypt Pyramid Texts (2350-2175 BCE) Utterance № 478 (972a-c) from this verse, we understand that Seth personally killed Osiris: «Thou art come in search of thy brother, Osiris, after his brother Set had cast him on his side, on yonder side of Gḥś.ti» (1952MercerSAB:271-272). Coffin Texts (2134-2040 BCE) in Spell № 837 remembers the murder of Osiris by Seth, and recalls his lies to the gods: «Remember, Seth, and put in your heare this word which Geb spoke against you, this threae which the gods made against you in the Mansion of the Prince which is in On when you felled Osiris to the earth in Nedit, when you said, Seth, 'I did not do this', so that you might have power over him, that you might be saved and that you might have power over Horus; when you said, Seth, 'It was he who attacked me', when there came into being his name of 'Earth-attacker(?)'; when you said, Seth, 'It was he who kicked me',» (1978FaulknerRO:23-24). A later legend introduces the coffin as a means of killing.
Specifically, according to Plutarch (1st–2nd cent. AD), through Set's
trickery, Osiris himself «stepped into the coffin and lay down. Then the
conspirators ran up, slammed the lid shut, and having fastened it from the
outside with nails and sealed it with molten lead, they dragged the coffin to
the river and cast it into the sea at Tanis, through the mouth»
(1996Плутарх:3).
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16 And Cain went out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the
land of Nod, on the east of Eden.
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The borrowing of the word «Eden»
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In the Akkadian language, «edinu»
means «plain», which is a concept borrowed from the Sumerian «eden»: «plain, steppe, open country»
(2004OppenheimAL:33; oracc.museum.upenn.edu)
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18 And unto Enoch was born Irad; and Irad begat Mechujael ; and
Mechijael begat Methushael ; and Metliushael begat Lemech.
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Genealogical Model. Similarity in the application of a linear principle for listing
male-line descendants, wherein the process of reproduction is described as a
direct action of the masculine principle without mentioning the female. |
Egypt The first pair of gods were Shu and Tefnut. «At the beginning of creation, they were born of Ra-Atum» (2007РакИ:45). According to the Heliopolitan cosmogony recorded in the «Bremner-Rhind Papyrus», specifically in the text known as «The Book of Knowing the Creations of Ra», it appears that the creator god of the universe, Ra-Atum, was male (2007РакИ:28-29). Pyramid Texts (2350-2175 BCE) Utterance № 527 (1248a-c): «To say: Atum created by his masturbation in Heliopolis. He put his phallus in his fist, to excite desire thereby.» (1952MercerSAB:325). Pyramid of Pepi I (6th
Dynasty, ca. 2289–2255 BCE) Recitation № 522 при разделке жертвенного быка сказано: «what is in his scrotum is for the four gods
that Horus gave birth to and desired, Hapi, Imseti, Duamutef, and
Qebehsenuef;» (2007AllenJP:185).
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21 And his brother's name was Jubal ; he was the father of all such as
play on the harp and guitar.
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Borrowing of the word «kinnor».
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The term denoting a lyre most
likely originated in northern Syria or Anatolia during the third millennium
BCE (2021NoonanBJ:126).
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22 And Zillah, she also bore Tubal-cain, an artificer in every article
of copper and iron; and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
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Technological Attribution. The temporal and geographical
correlation with the earliest archaeological evidence of the emergence of
iron tools. |
Mesopotamia A piece of
smelted iron, dated to 3000–2700 BCE, was found at the Chagar Bazar site in
northeastern Syria, and a fragment of an iron dagger, manufactured
approximately in 2700 BCE, was discovered at the Tell Asmar site near Baghdad
(1969DartRA).
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22 And Zillah, she also bore Tubal-cain, an artificer in every article
of copper and iron; and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
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Borrowing of the word «iron».
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The
borrowing of a Luwian term from Anatolia (2021NoonanBJ:78-79).
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23 And Lemech said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; ye
wives of Lemech, hearken unto my speech; for I have slain a manto
myownwounding, and a young man to my hurt. 24 If Cain shall be avenged
seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy and seven-fold.
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Poetic stylistics. Commonality in the use of artistic devices to formalize legal or mythological
declarations.
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Egypt «Mythology is sometimes more
rationalistic and sometimes less so, but in all cases, besides the rational,
it also contains a poetic element. In Egyptian mythology, however, the poetic
element is dominant» (2004РакИВ:12).
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24 If Cain shall be avenged seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy and
seven-fold.
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Numerological Correspondence. In both traditions, the number seven is utilized as a sacred marker of
the absolute fullness of an action. |
Egypt The Egyptian concept of the Seven Hathors is well known: «A complex form of the goddess Hathor’s cult; evidently, her simultaneous incarnation into seven hypostases» (2004РакИВ:286). Hathor ('Enclosure of Horus'), the wife of the god Horus, represents the principle of joy, feminine love, and motherhood. Pyramid of Unis (5th Dynasty, ca. 2353-2323 BCE) Recitation № 223: «…who swallowed his seven uraei and his seven neckbones came into being, [who governs] his seven Enneads and hears the sovereign’s case.» (2007AllenJP:60). Coffin Texts (2134-2040 BCE) Spell № 213: «I eat of red emmer, and seven loaves are in the sky in On with Re seven portions are [on earth] with Geb, seven portions are with Osiris.» (1973FaulknerRO:170). In the «Book of the Dead» it is
stated: «I have made meat offerings unto the seven kine and unto their bull.»
(1901BudgeEAW:481).
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24 If Cain shall be avenged seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy and
seven-fold.
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Numerological sacralization. The similarity lies in the recognition of the number seven as a sacred
canon of perfection. |
Mesopotamia In the Akkadian «Epic of Gilgamesh», the numeral seven is mentioned repeatedly: «You loved the supremely mighty lion, yet you dug for him seven and again seven pits. You loved the stallion, famed in battle, yet you ordained for him the whip, the goad, and the lash, ordained for him to gallop for seven and seven hours, ordained for him drinking from muddied waters,» (1989KovacsMG:52). The standard version of the «Epic of Gilgamesh», first written in the Old Babylonian period (1800-1600 BCE) (1989KovacsMG:xxii). |
The oldest artifact made of native copper — a pendant forged and polished 10800 years ago — was discovered in Shanidar Cave in the northwestern Zagros Mountains (1969SoleckiRS; 1975SmithCS). Apparently, the ornament was manufactured according to a simplified methodology mastered by the Old Testament figure Tubal-Cain. The production of jewelry from copper nuggets at the Çatalhöyük site in Southern Anatolia began between 7400–5600 BCE (2013BirchT_PernickaE). Around 4200 BCE, at Tepe Yahya in the southern Iranian Plateau, a transition occurred to the use of copper alloys, specifically arsenical bronze (2002ThorntonC_YoungSMM). This type of metallurgy has been present in Anatolia and adjacent territories since 4000–3500 BCE (2015WadsworthJ).
Iron artifacts from the fifth millennium BCE are likely of meteoric origin (1998PicklesS_PeltenburgE). The oldest example of worked cosmic iron from Egypt consists of beads forged 5200 years ago (2013RehrenT_Szőkefalvi-NagyZ). Smelted iron objects have been identified in very small quantities in Mesopotamia in soil strata dating back to 5000 BCE (2015WadsworthJ). In the metallurgical center of the Timna Valley in the Sinai Desert, small iron ingots were excavated, apparently produced accidentally during copper smelting around 3000 BCE (1972RothenbergB; 2000PenseAW). The later production and forging of terrestrial iron from the Turkish site of Kaman-Kalehöyük dates to 2200–2000 BCE (2008AkanumaH).
(The conclusion compiled by the AI agent, with our minor changes)
Preliminary Conclusion to the Analysis of Genesis Chapter 4
Sumer (c. 3300 – before 1900 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2543 – c. 2120 BCE) britannica.com
The Third Dynasty of Ur (22nd – 21st cent. BCE) britannica.com
The First Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 2118 – c. 1980 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Babylonian period of Egypt (2000 – 1595 BCE) onlinelibrary.wiley.com
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1980 – c. 1760 BCE) britannica.com
The Second Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 1759 – c. 1539 BCE) britannica.com
The New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1539 – c. 1077 BCE) britannica.com
Authors of the article
Arkhipov S.V. – Independent Researcher, MD, PhD, Orthopedic Surgeon, Medical Writer, Joensuu, Finland.
Correspondence: Sergey Arkhipov, email: archipovsv @ gmail.com
Article history
February 24, 2026 - online version of the article published.
Suggested citation
Arkhipov S.V. The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 4. About round ligament of femur. February 24, 2026.
Note
Keywords
Genesis Protograph, Bereshit Protograph, Hyksos-era Scriptorium, Ligamentum Teres, Ligamentum Capitis Femoris, Minoan Eruption Impact, Bronze Age, Middle Egyptian Origin, Cross-cultural Codification, Ancient Medicine, Biblical Chronology
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