English version of the article: Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение. О круглой связке бедра. 14.02.2026. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2026АрхиповСВ
The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 4
By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD
CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 4 Analysis [iii] Notes to Chapter 4 [iv] AI Agent's Conclusion [v] Content [vi] External links [vii] Application |
The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera. This study argues that the work was the result of a collaboration between an Egyptian polymath and a distinguished scribe of Asiatic descent. By analyzing ancient texts, anatomical descriptions, archaeological data, Bronze Age cultural history, and climatic markers, this article demonstrates that the book emerged from the work of a high-ranking socio-political committee within the Egyptian House of Life. We argue that the inclusion of precise anatomical data, such as the ligamentum capitis femoris, serves as a diagnostic marker of this Egyptian medical-scribal collaboration, challenging the late-date theories of the documentary hypothesis.
[ii] Book of Genesis. Chapter 4 Analysis
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Excerpts from the
Book of Genesis (1922LeeserI:6-7)
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Type of Similarity and Justification |
Ancient Near
Eastern and Egyptian Contexts (Parallels,
Analogies, Similarity, Borrowings, Inversions)
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8 And Cain talked
with Abel his brother : and it came to pass when they were in the field, that
Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him. 9 And the Lord said unto
Cain, Where is Abel thy brother? And he said, I know not; am I my brother's
keeper ? 10 And he said. What hast thou done ? the voice of thy brother's
blood crieth unto me from the ground. 11 And now be thou cursed from the
ground, which hath opened its mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy
hand :
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Narrative
Similarity Both texts
present the archetypal motif of fratricide, featuring an attempt by the
perpetrator to conceal the deed.
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Egypt The «Pyramid Texts»
(2350–2175 BCE), Utterance № 478 (972a-c), from this verse, we
understand that Seth personally killed Osiris: «Thou art come in search of thy brother,
Osiris, after his brother Set had cast him on his side, on yonder side of Gḥś.ti» (1952MercerSAB:271–272). The «Coffin Texts» (2134–2040
BCE), in Spell № 837, remembers the murder of Osiris by Seth and recalls his
lies to the gods: «Remember, Seth, and put in your heart this word which Geb
spoke against you, this threat which the gods made against you in the Mansion
of the Prince which is in On when you felled Osiris to the earth in Nedit,
when you said, Seth, "I did not do this", so that you might have
power over him, that you might be saved and that you might have power over
Horus; when you said, Seth, "It was he who attacked me", when there
came into being his name of "Earth-attacker(?)"; when you said,
Seth, "It was he who kicked me,"» (1978FaulknerRO:23–24). A later legend
introduces the coffin as a means of killing. Specifically, according to
Plutarch (1st–2nd century CE), through Set's trickery, Osiris himself
«stepped into the coffin and lay down. Then the conspirators ran up, slammed
the lid shut, and having fastened it from the outside with nails and sealed
it with molten lead, they dragged the coffin to the river and cast it into the
sea at Tanis, through the mouth» (1996Плутарх:3).
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16 And Cain went
out from the presence of the Lord, and dwelt in the land of Nod, on the east
of Eden.
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The Borrowing of the Word «Eden»
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In the Akkadian language, «edinu» means «plain», which is a concept
borrowed from the Sumerian «eden» : «plain, steppe, open country» (2004OppenheimAL:33; oracc.museum.upenn.edu)
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18 And unto Enoch
was born Irad; and Irad begat Mechujael ; and Mechijael begat Methushael ;
and Metliushael begat Lemech.
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Genealogical
Model Similarity in
the application of a linear principle for listing male-line descendants,
wherein the process of reproduction is described as a direct action of the
masculine principle without mentioning the female. |
Egypt The first pair of gods were Shu and Tefnut. «At the beginning of
creation, they were born of Ra-Atum» (2007РакИ:45). According to the
Heliopolitan cosmogony recorded in the «Bremner-Rhind Papyrus», specifically
in the text known as the «Book of Knowing the Creations of Ra», it appears
that the creator god of the universe, Ra-Atum, was male (2007РакИ:28–29). The
«Pyramid Texts»
(2350–2175 BCE), Utterance № 527 (1248a-c), state: «To say: Atum created by his masturbation in
Heliopolis. He put his phallus in his fist, to excite desire thereby.» (1952MercerSAB:325).
In the Pyramid of Pepi I (6th Dynasty, ca. 2289–2255 BCE), Recitation
№ 522, regarding the butchering
of a sacrificial bull, it is said: «what is in his scrotum is for the four gods
that Horus gave birth to and desired, Hapi, Imseti, Duamutef, and
Qebehsenuef;» (2007AllenJP:185).
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21 And his
brother's name was Jubal ; he was the father of all such as play on the harp
and guitar.
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The Borrowing of the Word «Kinnor»
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The term denoting a lyre most likely originated in northern Syria or
Anatolia during the third millennium BCE (2021NoonanBJ:126).
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22 And Zillah,
she also bore Tubal-cain, an artificer in every article of copper and iron;
and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah.
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Technological Attribution The temporal and geographical
correlation with the earliest archaeological evidence of the emergence of
iron tools. |
Mesopotamia A piece of smelted iron, dated to 3000–2700 BCE, was found at the Chagar
Bazar site in northeastern Syria, and a fragment of an iron dagger,
manufactured approximately in 2700 BCE, was discovered at the Tell Asmar site
near Baghdad (1969DartRA). See note!
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22 And Zillah,
she also bore Tubal-cain, an artificer in every article of copper and iron;
and the sister of Tubal-cain was Naamah. |
The Borrowing of the Word «Iron»
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This involves borrowing
of a Luwian term from Anatolia (2021NoonanBJ:78–79).
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23 And Lemech
said unto his wives, Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; ye wives of Lemech,
hearken unto my speech; for I have slain a manto myownwounding, and a young
man to my hurt. 24 If Cain shall be avenged seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy
and seven-fold.
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Poetic Stylistics Commonality in
the use of artistic devices to formalize legal or mythological declarations.
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Egypt As noted by Rak, «Mythology is sometimes more rationalistic and
sometimes less so, but in all cases, besides the rational, it also contains a
poetic element. In Egyptian mythology, however, the poetic element is
dominant» (2004РакИВ:12).
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24 If Cain shall
be avenged seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy and seven-fold.
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Numerological Correspondence In both traditions, the number
seven is utilized as a sacred marker of the absolute fullness of an action. |
Egypt The Egyptian
concept of the Seven Hathors is well known: «A complex form of the goddess
Hathor’s cult; evidently, her simultaneous incarnation into seven hypostases»
(2004РакИВ:286). Hathor («Enclosure of
Horus»), the wife of the god Horus, represents the principle of joy, feminine
love, and motherhood. In the Pyramid of Unis (5th Dynasty, ca. 2353–2323 BCE), Recitation
№ 223 states: «…who swallowed
his seven uraei and his seven neckbones came into being, [who governs] his
seven Enneads and hears the sovereign’s case.» (2007AllenJP:60). The «Coffin Texts» (2134–2040
BCE), Spell № 213, describe the
following: «I eat of red emmer, and seven loaves are in the sky in On
with Re, seven portions are [on earth] with Geb, seven portions are with
Osiris.» (1973FaulknerRO:170). In the «Book of the Dead», it is stated: «I have made meat offerings
unto the seven kine and unto their bull.» (1901BudgeEAW:481).
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24 If Cain shall
be avenged seven-fold, truly Lemech seventy and seven-fold.
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Numerological Sacralization The similarity
lies in the recognition of the number seven as a sacred canon of perfection. |
Mesopotamia In the Akkadian «Epic of Gilgamesh», the numeral seven is mentioned
repeatedly: «You loved the supremely mighty lion, yet you dug for him seven and
again seven pits. You loved the stallion, famed in battle, yet you ordained
for him the whip, the goad, and the lash, ordained for him to gallop for
seven and seven hours, ordained for him drinking from muddied waters,»
(1989KovacsMG:52). The Standard Version was based on an earlier Epic of
Gilgamesh that was first composed in the Old Babylonian period (1800–1600
BCE) (1989KovacsMG:xxii). |
Copper and Iron in Human
History
The oldest artifact made of native
copper — a pendant forged and polished 10800 years ago — was discovered in the Shanidar
Cave in the northwestern Zagros Mountains (1969SoleckiRS; 1975SmithCS).
Apparently, the ornament was manufactured according to a simplified methodology
mastered by the Old Testament figure Tubal-Cain. The production of jewelry from
copper nuggets at the Çatalhöyük site in Southern Anatolia began between
7400–5600 BCE (2013BirchT_PernickaE). Around 4200 BCE, at Tepe Yahya in the
southern Iranian Plateau, a transition occurred to the use of copper alloys,
specifically arsenical bronze (2002ThorntonC_YoungSMM). This type of metallurgy
has been present in Anatolia and adjacent territories since 4000–3500 BCE
(2015WadsworthJ).
Iron artifacts from the fifth
millennium BCE are likely of meteoric origin (1998PicklesS_PeltenburgE). The
oldest example of worked cosmic iron from Egypt consists of beads forged 5200
years ago (2013RehrenT_Szőkefalvi-NagyZ). Smelted iron objects have been
identified in very small quantities in Mesopotamia in soil strata dating back
to 5000 BCE (2015WadsworthJ). In the metallurgical center of the Timna Valley
in the Sinai Desert, small iron ingots were excavated, apparently produced
accidentally during copper smelting around 3000 BCE (1972RothenbergB;
2000PenseAW). The later production and forging of terrestrial iron from the
Turkish site of Kaman-Kalehöyük dates to 2200–2000 BCE (2008AkanumaH).
(The conclusion compiled by the AI agent, with our minor changes)
Preliminary Conclusion to the Analysis of Genesis Chapter 4
Sumer (c. 3300 – before 1900 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2543 – c. 2120 BCE) britannica.com
The Third Dynasty of Ur (22nd – 21st cent. BCE) britannica.com
The First Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 2118 – c. 1980 BCE) britannica.com
The Old Babylonian period of Egypt (2000 – 1595 BCE) onlinelibrary.wiley.com
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1980 – c. 1760 BCE) britannica.com
The Second Intermediate period of Egypt (c. 1759 – c. 1539 BCE) britannica.com
The New Kingdom of Egypt (c. 1539 – c. 1077 BCE) britannica.com
Authors of the article
Arkhipov S.V. – Independent Researcher, MD, PhD, Orthopedic Surgeon, Medical Writer, Joensuu, Finland.
Correspondence: Sergey Arkhipov, email: archipovsv @ gmail.com
Article history
February 24, 2026 - online version of the article published.
Suggested citation
Arkhipov S.V. The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution. Chapter 4. About round ligament of femur. February 24, 2026.
Note
Keywords
Genesis Protograph, Bereshit Protograph, Hyksos-era Scriptorium, Ligamentum Teres, Ligamentum Capitis Femoris, Minoan Eruption Impact, Bronze Age, Middle Egyptian Origin, Cross-cultural Codification, Ancient Medicine, Biblical Chronology
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