LCF in 2026 (February)
(Quotes from articles and books published in February 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)
Longoni, A., Major, G. S., Arnold, S., Tomkins, S., Spessot, E., Loeffler, S., ... & Lim, K. S. (2026). Characterization of an Injectable Poly (vinyl alcohol)‐gelatin Hydrogel for Growth Factor Delivery in an Orthopedic Application. Advanced healthcare materials, e04224. [i] advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Patil, A. Y., Babhulkar, S., Kimmatkar, N., Apte, A., Kadu, A., & Sonegaonkar, A. Anterior Trans-Muscular Approach to Hip (AP’s Access). SVOA Orthopaedics 2026, 6(1), 28-41. [ii] sciencevolks.com
Zhou, R., Bian, Y., Cai, X., Sun, H., Lv, Z., Xu, Y., ... & Weng, X. (2026). Advances in the mechanism for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone Research, 14(1), 23. [iii] nature.com
Marth, A. A., Tangsombatvisit, B., Akkaya, Z., Joseph, G. B., Zhang, A. L., Souza, R. B., & Link, T. M. (2026). Pulvinar signal abnormalities on MRI are associated with atraumatic hip pain. Skeletal Radiology, 1-9. [iv] link.springer.com
Arkhipov, S. V. (2026). ARTICLE ANNOUNCEMENT:«THE BOOK OF BERESHIT AS A GREAT COMPILATION OF TEXTS AND MEANINGS FROM THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD OF EGYPT: A PILOT CULTUROLOGICAL, MEDICAL, ARCHAEOLOGICAL, AND TEXTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LEGENDS VERSUS TRADITIONAL ATTRIBUTION». [v] researchgate.net
Srinivasan, S., Verma, S., & Sakthivel, S. (2025). Histological morphology of ligamentum teres femoris in human cadavers. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 12(4), 183-190. [vi] journals.ipinnovative.com , researchgate.net
Geburek, F. (2026). Coxofemoral instability in equids caused by Ligamentum capitis ossis femoris disruption: The key role of clinical findings and ultrasonography. Equine Veterinary Education. [vii] researchgate.net
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A posterior approach to the hip was performed. Briefly, after incision of the skin, fascia, and separation of muscle mass, capsulotomy and transection of the ligamentum teres, the femoral neck blood supply was tied off, performing a ligature around the femoral neck (i.e., blocking the circumflex vessels) using non-resorbable sutures (1.0 nylon suture).
It's a well proven fact that repeated attempt of closed reduction aggravates vasospasm and distortion of the arteries in the round ligaments of femur, may leading to vascular embolism, and then destroy the blood supply to the femoral head.
[Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). In http://intermountainhealthcare. org/ext/Dcmnt?ncid=521402750.]
The main nutrient source of the femoral head is the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA).23 Occlusion of its lateral epiphyseal branches, particularly the superior retinacular artery, is critical for femoral head necrosis and collapse, whereas medial branches are less involved.24 This occlusion is always attributed to venous stasis, arterial ischemia, or arterial occlusion (Fig. 2a). In addition, occlusion of the artery of the ligamentum teres, a branch of the obturator artery, is reported to be another common risk factor associated with ONFH.25
25 Boss, J. H. & Misselevich, I. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head of laboratory animals: the lessons learned from a comparative study of osteonecrosis in man and experimental animals. Vet. Pathol. 40, 345–354 (2003).
To investigate MRI abnormalities of the pulvinar and ligamentum teres (LT) in patients with atraumatic hip pain, as well as to describe a grading system for pulvinar signal abnormalities and test its reproducibility.
The primary outcomes of interest included pathological changes of the pulvinar and the ligamentum teres.
The second structure in the acetabular fossa is the ligamentum teres, which merges with the periosteum of the fovea capitis, the transverse acetabular ligament, and the bony margins of the acetabular notch. Once considered a vestigial structure, interest in the ligamentum teres has increased with the advent of hip arthroscopy [9]. Tears of the ligamentum teres have been associated with hip pain, particularly in the presence of synovitis, or in athletes with a history of trauma [10, 11]. Ligamentum teres tears can be graded using the Gray and Villar classification system [12], whereas for pulvinar abnormalities, no classification system currently exists.
The ligamentum teres serves as a secondary stabilizer of the capsular ligaments, resisting subluxation of the femoral head through a sling-like mechanism, resembling the functional properties of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee [10, 30]. Consequently, injury of the ligament results in altered joint biomechanics, which is associated with damage to the labrum and articular cartilage [14, 31, 32].
Abstract
The Book of Bereshit (Genesis) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera. This study argues that the work was a collaborative effort between an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist and an outstanding scribe of Asiatic origin, operating within a sophisticated administrative and scientific framework. By analyzing anatomical descriptions, Bronze Age economic data, and climatic markers, this paper demonstrates that the text originated as a high-level socio-political commission within the Egyptian House of Life.
Abstract
Background: Ligamentum teres femoris (LTF) has synovial layer, sub-synovial connective tissue and collagen bundles. LTF assists in preventing dislocation, provides mechanical stability to the hip with injury leading to joint pain and instability. The knowledge from histological structure may improve understanding of its structure and function.
Materials and Methods: Forty-four limbs, average age 70.1 +/- 8.2 years, were dissected. The protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Those with any damaged hip, signs of previous surgery, and disarticulated limbs were excluded. The ligament was absent in one, thus, 42 specimens (right21; left-21) were used. Tissues from two ends, and centre were stained for H&E, Masson’s Trichrome, Verhoeff Van Gieson and Palmgren silver-stain. The number, diameter, and total luminal surface area of blood vessels, and number, and thickness of collagen bundles, and thickness of sub-synovial tissue were measured Image J.
Results: Synovial layer covered ligament, and collagen bundles were seen in the core. Number of blood vessels, thickness of collagen bundles and sub-synovial tissue was significantly more in middle part. Average diameter of blood vessels was significantly more in distal part and luminal surface area was in proximal, and collagen bundles number in proximal. Difference in number, diameter, luminal area of blood vessels, and number of collagen bundles between right and left sides was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The findings support a potential nutritive role of the ligamental vessels to femur head. Nerve fibres identified in the sub-synovial area support its nociceptive role. Collagen bundles and elastic fibres suggest contribution to mechanical stability of hip joint.
Keywords: Ligamentum teres, Histology, Hip joint, Fovea capitis, Morphology Received: 16-12-2025; Accepted: 05-01-2026; Available Online: 10-02-2026
ANATOMY OF THE COXOFEMORAL LIGAMENTS
The ligament of the head of the femur (Ligamentum capitis ossis femoris, LCOF) is reinforced by the accessory ligament (Ligamentum accessorium, LA), a strong band detached from the symphyseal tendon, passing through the acetabular notch dorsal to the transverse acetabular ligament which spans this notch. The LA ends caudal to the LCOF in the notch on the femoral head. Interestingly, the LA is not found in other domestic animals than equids (Nickel et al., 1992). The horse in the case report by Burdette et al. (2025) showed a complete disruption of the ligamentous structures attached to the femoral head including the LA during post-mortem examination. As in previous reports (Sauer et al., 2025), the combined LCOF and LA have been collectively referred to as ‘LCOF’. This ligamentous complex, hereafter addressed as LCOF-LA, is relatively short, which complicates preservation of potentially intact fibres duringpost-mortem preparation of an equine coxofemoral joint (CFJ) with incomplete disruption of these ligaments.
CONCLUSION
The case report by Burdette et al. (2025) provides additional evidence that primary or secondary disruption of the LCOF-LA, including osteoarthritis, should be considered as a highly relevant source of significant CFJ pain causing a non-neurological ‘sidewinder gait’. In addition to careful clinical examination, bilateral in- depth ultrasonography including dynamic evaluation offers substantial diagnostic value in cases of LCOF-LA disruption. Contrast-enhanced CT arthrography and diagnostic arthroscopy should be considered in smaller equids or in cases that remain inconclusive.
Author:
Arkhipov S.V. – candidate of medical sciences, surgeon, traumatologist-orthopedist.
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, history
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