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LCF in 2025 (September)

 

LCF in 2025 (September) 

(Quotes from articles and books published in September 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) 


Zhang, Z., Dong, Q., Wang, T., You, H., & Wang, X. (2025). Redescription of the osteology and systematic of Panguraptor lufengensis (Neo-theropoda: Coelophysoidea).  01 September 2025. PREPRINT (Version 1)  [i]  researchsquare.com

 

Tripathy, S. K., Khan, S., & Bhagat, A. (2025). Surgical Anatomy of the Femoral Head. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 1-13). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  [ii]  link.springer.com

 

Yoon, B. H., Kim, H. S., Lim, Y. W., & Lim, S. J. (2025). Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Hip & pelvis, 37(3), 171-177.   [iii]  pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov  

 

Bharath, C. M., Aswath, C. A., Ayyadurai, P., Srinivasan, P., & Gavaskar, A. S. (2025). Surgical Hip Dislocation Using a Trochanteric Flip Osteotomy. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 59-75). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  [iv]  link.springer.com

 

Kumar, A., & Trikha, V. (2025). Femoral Head and Acetabular Fractures (Pipkin Type IV Injuries). In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 121-139).  [v]  Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  link.springer.com

 

Gänsslen, A., Graulich, T., Lindtner, R. A., Krappinger, D., & Lindahl, J. (2025). Suprafoveal Fractures. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 91-106). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  [vi]  link.springer.com

 

Sharma, M., & Sen, R. K. (2025). Femoral Head and Neck Fracture. In A Practical Guide to Management of Femoral Head Fracture-Dislocation (pp. 107-119). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.  [vii]  link.springer.com

 

Oklaz, E. B., Ahmadov, A., Gurbuz, N., Sezgin, E. A., & Atalar, H. (2025). Hidden blood loss in dega osteotomy with varus derotation osteotomy is more pronounced than in varus derotation alone. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B, 10-1097.  [viii]   journals.lww.com

 

Chen, J. H., Al’Khafaji, I., Ernstbrunner, L., O’Donnell, J., & Ackland, D. (2025). Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip. Clinical Biomechanics, 106666.  [ix]  clinbiomech.com  ,  sciencedirect.com

 

Silva, M. V. S., Serafim, B. L. C., de Angeli, L. R. A., & Zuccon, A. (2025). Surgical treatment of hip dysplasia in cerebral palsy: A retrospective comparison between open and closed reduction. Medicine, 104(36), e44245.  [x]  journals.lww.com

 

Teng, J., Zhang, S., Li, J., Li, B., Ren, L., Wang, K., ... & Ren, L. (2025). Artificial Hip Joint Round Ligament with High Fidelity to Human Structures and Mechanics via Bioinspired 3D Braided Fibers. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 1-13.  [xi]  link.springer.com

 

Kale, D., Kale, S., Pratheep, S., Modak, A., Bharamgunde, R., & Kale, S. (2025). Extraarticular Interfragmentary Fixation of an Irreducible Pipkin Type 1 Fracture Dislocation of the Hip–A Case Report. Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports, 15(9), 194-198.  [xii]  pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

Yang, G., Huang, S., Liu, D., Yuan, Y., Yu, Y., Li, Y., ... & Zhao, Z. (2025). Early postoperative three-phase Technetium-99 m bone scanning predicts traumatic osteonecrosis in patients with femoral neck fractures: a 2-to 6-year follow-up study. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 145(1), 1-8.  [xiii]   link.springer.com

 

VIDYESH, M. S. (2025). EVALUATION OF TOGGLE PINNING TECHNIQUE FOR SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF COXOFEMORAL DISLOCATION IN DOG (Doctoral dissertation, MAHARASHTRA ANIMAL AND FISHERY SCIENCES UNIVERSITY).  [xiv]  krishikosh.egranth.ac.in

 

Baek, N. J., Park, S., Lee, S., Kim, D. H., Kim, H. J., Chang, J. S., & Yoon, P. W. (2025). Reliability of MRI-based grading using Yoon’s classification for labral tears in hip dysplasia. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery, hnaf058.  [xv]  academic.oup.com

 

Donati, D., Tedeschi, R., Garnum, P. E., Vita, F., Tarallo, L., Faldini, C., & Catani, F. (2025). A narrative review on greater trochanteric pain syndrome: diagnostic imaging and non-surgical treatments. Musculoskeletal surgery, 1-10.  [xvi]  link.springer.com

 

Zhang, T., Yang, J., & Yu, S. (2025). Secreted Frizzled‐Related Protein 2 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration in Perthes Disease When Targeted by miR‐106a‐5p. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 29(18), e70804.  [xvii]  pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

Pür, B., Yılar, S., Dağ, İ., Kaşali, K., Uzun, A. A., Şenocak, E., & Demir, M. (2025). Comparative evaluation of long-term spinopelvic morphology after salter and pemberton osteotomies in DDH patients: follow-up of 8 years. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 26(1), 860.  [xviii]   bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com

 


NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

  

[i] The edge of the proximal side of femur is circular in shape and rounded, with well-developed ligament fossa. Posterior to the ligament fossa is a distinct dorsolateral trochanter. … Distally from the ligament fossa, on the lateral surface of femur, both the anterior trochanter (=lesser trochanter in some research, e.g. Raath 1977). 

Raath, M. (1977). The Anatomy of the Triassic Theropod Syntarsus rhodesiensis (Saurischia: Podokesauridae) and a Consideration of Its Biology. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Salisbury, Rhodesia. 1–233. 

 

[ii] This depression provides attachment to the ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum capitis femoris) that connects the head of the femur 

  

[iii] Furthermore, the presence of contrast filling around the ligamentum teres and extracapsular contrast leakage was more common in the ACH [adhesive capsulitis of the hip] group.

  

[iv] Fractured head fragments, especially type I (infra-foveolar) fragments, are often attached to the ligamentum teres and are retained in the acetabular cavity after dislocation. The fragment may have to be detached from the ligamentum teres …

 

[v]  Femur-Head Fracture: Fracture through the femur-head, usually in the region of the fovea (where ligament teres is attached), seen on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral hip radiographs as loss of femur-head sphericity. 


[vi] Simultaneously, medially directed shear forces act on the femoral head, causing a suprafoveal fracture consistent with Pipkin type II, often with the fragment retained within the joint due to an intact ligamentum teres. 

  

[vii] The antegrade blood supply is provided by the foveal artery (or artery of ligamentum teres), which is a branch of the obturator artery. 

  

[viii] Arthrotomy was routinely performed in all cases to remove the pulvinar tissue and ligamentum teres.

  

[ix] Abstract

Background

The ligamentum teres contributes to hip joint stability, yet the effect of surgical reconstruction of ligamentum teres tears on hip joint function is poorly understood. This study aimed to employ a cadaver model to quantify peak pressure, average pressure, contact force, and contact area between the femoral head and acetabulum in native, ligamentum teres deficient and reconstructed hips.

Methods

Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric hips were dissected and mounted to a multi-axis Materials Test System. Digital pressure sensors were placed on anterior, posterior, and superior regions of the acetabulum. Joint loading was simulated in flexion, neutral position, and extension. Peak pressure, average pressure, contact force, and contact area were measured.

Findings

Ligamentum teres deficiency caused a significant increase in average pressure (mean difference: 161.6 kPa, p = 0.002) in the superior acetabulum in the neutral hip relative to the intact hip and in peak pressure (mean difference: 1462.5 kPa, p = 0.023) in the anterior acetabulum in the extended hip compared to the intact hip. Ligamentum teres reconstruction subsequently restored average and peak pressure to levels not significantly different from the intact state (p > 0.05). Reconstruction also led to a significant decrease in average pressure (mean difference 241.0 kPa, p = 0.047) and contact force (mean difference: 124.5 N, p = 0.039) in the posterior acetabulum in the flexed hip relative to the intact hip.

Interpretation

Ligamentum teres reconstruction may help to prevent excessive contact that occurs in the ligamentum teres deficient hip and may mitigate or slow the onset of degenerative changes associated with ligamentum teres deficiency.

  

[x] The joint capsule is exposed and its surface must be largely freed from the adjacent adipose tissue. The capsular incision is made through a T-shaped incision. The ligamentum teres and the pulvinar are resected if they are thickened, and the transverse acetabular ligament is cut. After these obstacles are removed, we perform the VDRO [varus derotation osteotomies] through a lateral incision in a standard fashion. 

 

[xi] Abstract

The rising prevalence of hip joint disorders, particularly among aging populations, highlights the need for advanced surgical and rehabilitation strategies. The artificial ligament plays a key role in restoring joint stability in the treatment of hip joint disorders. Existing commercial artificial ligaments differ from biological ligaments in that they lack the complex hierarchical organization of natural ligaments. This study introduces bioinspired hierarchical 3D braided ligaments to replicate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of human ligaments. We examined the effects of braiding strands and angles on the tensile properties of artificial ligaments, including toe-region strain and linear modulus. Key characteristics such as stress relaxation and fatigue were also assessed. Using FEA, we simulated fiber interactions and macroscopic mechanical behavior, revealing the mechanisms behind the J-shaped curve of braided ligaments. Based on theoretical analysis, we selected a high-fidelity artificial braided ligament and compared the hip joint’s range of motion with and without it. The results show that the artificial hip with the round ligament closely mimics the human hip’s motion (beyond 95% similarity in all directions including three translations and three rotations), which reveals their potential to enhance joint stability and serve as effective therapeutic and educational tools in medical practice.

  

[xii] Palpation of the fragment, which was found lying inside the hip, revealed that the head was rotated and attached to the ligamentum teres. It was derotated back to its original position. On palpation, the fragment was very large and thus no attempt to cut the ligamentum teres was done. The hip was reduced and visualized under the image intensifier television (IITV) in the lateral position.

 

[xiii] In contrast, the preserved blood perfusion in the medial pillar [femoral head] may originate from the inferior retinaculum artery or the ligamentum teres artery entering the femoral head.

  

[xiv]

Surgical procedure for toggle pinning

After exposing the hip joint, the acetabulum was cleared of debris, haematoma, or fibrin. Exposure to acetabular fossa was improved by outward rotation and adduction of the limb and a hole was drilled in the acetabular fossa with a 3.5 mm diameter drill bit. The toggle pin i.e. endobutton with suture strand looped through it was pushed through the drilled hole to rest against the medial surface of the acetabulum, within the pelvic cavity. The remnants of the detached round ligament were cleared from the fovea capitis and a tunnel was created from the fovea capitis to the greater trochanter using a 2.7mm drill bit. Using a guidewire, the suture strands attached to the toggle pin was fed through the tunnel. After reducing the joint, the ends of the suture strands were secured over the lateral surface of the femur, just below the greater trochanter using a 2nd titanium endobutton.

 

[xv] Acetabular labral tears are a common source of pain, discomfort, and functional impairment in patients with hip dysplasia, and may contribute to the development of hip osteoarthritis …

On MRI evaluation, paralabral cysts were detected in 55.2% (n = 58) of hips, and arthroscopic evaluation revealed partial LT tears in 78.1% (n = 82).

LT tear (Arthroscopy)

No evidence of tear 22 (21.0%)

Partial tear 82 (78.1%)

Complete tear 1 (1.0%)

  

[xvi] Intra-articular sources of hip pain include labral tears, loose bodies, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), capsular laxity, ligamentum teres rupture, and chondral damage [27].

27. Redmond JM, Chen AW, Domb BG (2016) Greater trochanteric pain syndrome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 24:231–240

 

[xvii] In summary, the rabbits were anaesthetised using intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium. The rabbit model of Perthes disease was then produced by incising the ligamentum teres of the femoral head and ligating the femoral neck with an elastic non‐absorbable suture; this obstructed blood flow to the epiphysis. Ad‐SFRP2 (1 × 108 GC) and miR‐106a‐5p agomir (20 nmol) were injected into the femoral head 2 weeks after surgery (Figure S1); the same volumes of saline were used in the control and model groups. The rabbits were then euthanised at 8 weeks after surgery, and the femoral heads were harvested for subsequent experiments.

Fig. 5 SFRP2 accelerates bone regeneration and reduces deformity of the defective femoral head in vivo. (A) Macroscopic morphological image of the femoral head in the control, model, miR‐106a‐5p agomir, Ad‐SFRP2, and Ad‐SFRP2 + miR‐106a‐5p agomir groups. (B–F) Representative images of micro‐CT and quantitative analysis of the parameters. Scale bars: 10 mM. Results are shown as means ± SD for three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 versus the model group; # p < 0.05; ## p < 0.01 versus Ad‐SFRP2 group + miR‐106a‐5p agomir. (Open access) 

 

[xviii] All surgical procedures were performed according to the original technique descriptions by Salter and Pemberton. An anterior iliofemoral approach was used in all cases. During surgery, the ligamentum teres was excised, the transverse acetabular ligament was transected, and all intra-acetabular soft tissue obstacles were removed to allow full reduction of the femoral head.

  

                                                                    

Author:

Arkhipov S.V. – candidate of medical sciences, surgeon, traumatologist-orthopedist. 


Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, history 

 


                                                                                                                      

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