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1971CracraftJ

  

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[i] Annotaction

Fragments of the article: Cracraft J. The functional morphology of the hind limb of the domestic pigeon, Columba livia. (1971). The author studied the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in the pigeon. Its strength is noted and its attachment areas and biomechanics are described. The LCF functions in conjunction with the posterior acetabular ligament. Translation into Russian is available at the link: 1971CracraftJ. 


Quote, p. 182

TERES LIGAMENT

The teres ligament (ter lig; fig. 2) arises from the dorsal portion of the head of the femur (fovea capitis; see Stolpe, 1932, p.165). A short and broad ligament, it curves ventromedially to the anteroventral edge of the inner opening of the acetabulum.

 

POSTERIOR ACETABULAR LIGAMENT

Posterior to the teres ligament is a broad ligamentous-like connective tissue band, which is named here the posterior acetabular ligament. It attaches anteriorly to the teres ligament and to the posterior portion of the fovea capitis. Its pelvic attachment is to the posterior rim of the inner opening of the acetabulum. The remaining portion of the inner opening of the acetabulum is covered by a thin membrane, which serves as the medial limit of the joint cavity. The dorsal portion is more fibrous than the ventral.

 

ARTICULAR SURFACE OF THE ACETABULUM:

Anterior and posterior to the attachment of the teres ligament, the articular cartilage is present only on the dorsal part of the acetabulum (fig. 1); the ratio of chondrocytes to fibrous connective tissue becomes progressively smaller in a ventral direction.

 

Quote, pp. 183-184

In the area of the teres ligament the articular surface of the ventral part of the acetabulum has been replaced completely by the ligament (fig. 2). Dorsally, the articular cartilage of the pelvis is composed of greater amounts of collagenous tissue.

 

Quote, p. 184

In the area of the teres ligament the structure of the articular surface does not change except that it is reduced in extent dorsally.

TEREs LIGAMENT: This is a large, strong ligament composed almost wholly of collagenous tissue. The ventral edge, near its origin from the fovea capitis, is slightly cartilaginous. The fact that the teres ligament inserts onto the ventral rim of the acetabulum is clearly evident in cross sections (fig. 2). Dorsally, a long, thin fibrous strand of tissue arises from the acetabulum, passes medially and then laterally, and attaches to the dorsal edge of the ligament; this strand represents the membrane covering the inner opening of the acetabulum (fig. 2). The membrane is clearly differentiated into two zones: (1) a lateral (facing the joint cavity), deeply staining layer of cuboidal cells, and (2) a medial (facing the abdominal cavity), wider, collagenous layer. The lateral thin zone represents the synovial membrane.

 

Quote, pp. 184-186

All the structures are apparently organized so as to set a limit to the amount of protraction.With retraction, the joint structures become loose and only regain their tautness when the femur is retracted far beyond the position that could possibly be attained under any natural conditions. As the femur approaches the fully protracted position, four parts of the joint begin to tighten and limit further anterior movement: (a) the obturator ridge moves posteroventrally and thus the joint capsule on the posterior side of the joint becomes taut, (b) the proximo-anterior surface of the shaft moves posterodorsally and the anteroventral part of the capsule (including the "ligamentum ilio-sacrale") becomes taut, (c) the shaft is moving anteriorly and so the ventral part of the capsule becomes taut, and (d) the fovea capitis moves laterally away from the inside opening of the acetabulum, causing the teres and posterior acetabular ligament to tighten. All of these features function simultaneously to set a limit to the amount of protraction. With retraction, the preceding structures change position with the following results: (a) the obturator ridge moves anterodorsally and the posterior part of the capsule becomes loose, (b) the proximo-anterior surface of the shaft moves anteroventrally and the antero-ventral part of the capsule becomes loose, (c) the shaft moves posteriorly and the ventral part of the capsule loosens, and (d) the fovea capitis moves medially toward the inside opening of the acetabulum, thus slackening the teres and posterior acetabular ligament.

 

ABDUCTION-ADDUCTION

When the femur is fully protracted, no abduction is possible because of the trochanter-antitrochanter articulation and the ventral part of the capsule, and no adduction is possible because of the teres and posterior acetabular ligaments and the posterior part of the capsule (in some specimens a slight adduction was possible).


Cracraft J. The functional morphology of the hind limb of the domestic pigeon, Columba livia. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. New York,1971;144(3)171-268.  digitallibrary.amnh.org  ,  digitallibrary.amnh.org/pdf  


The work is cited in the following publications: LCF страуса,  LCF нанду, LCF казуара, LCF эму. 


Joel Cracraft. Research Fellow, Department of Ornithology. The American Museum of Natural History. Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, University of Illinois.


ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, mechanical properties, birds, animals, synonym, biomechanics, attachment 


NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

                                                                   


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