LCF of Pithecanthropus

The hip joint of Pithecanthropus erectus (Homo erectus) had a ligament of the head of the femur, in Latin called the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The femur of a male specimen was first discovered in 1892 by Eugène Dubois (1858-1940) on the island of Java (2004DeVosJ). The age of the sediment preserving the remains of the Java Man is estimated to be approximately in the range of 540-430 thousand years (2015JoordensJC_RoebroeksW). On the femoral head, a deep pit of the femoral head is noticeable—the trace of the distal attachment of the LCF (sketchfab.com). The location of the pit on the femoral head of Pithecanthropus is identical to that of Homo sapiens. In light of this, we assume that the Java Man walked similarly to anatomically modern humans.

Illustration:

Pithecanthropus had LCF

The left femur of Java Man (Pithecanthropus erectus, Homo erectus), specimen from the Darwin Museum (Moscow); view from the medial side (photo by the author). The arrow indicates the fossa of the femoral head - the place of attachment of the LCF.

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References:

De Vos J. The Dubois collection: a new look at an old collection. Scripta Geologica. 2004;Special Issue,4:267-85.

Joordens JC, d’Errico F, Wesselingh FP, Munro S, De Vos J, Wallinga J, ... Roebroeks W. Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool production and engraving. Nature. 2015;518(7538)228-31.

keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, связка головки бедра, anatomy, paleontology, pithecanthropus

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T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health, to create new implants and techniques of treating degenerative pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service . We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections! TABLES OF CONTENTS ANCIENT MENTIONS (Early literary evidence and early authors... ) 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 10...

1922LeeserI

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ILIOTIBIAL TRACT & LCF

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Pathological Changes of LCF

Version : 20240419 RESULT OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGE OF LCF 1. Absence of detectable changes 2. Elongation 3. Shortening 4. Thinning (hypotrophy) 5. Thickening (hypertrophy) 6. Disappearance 7. Impingement (within the joint space) 8. Compression (in the fossa of the acetabulum) 9. Marginal defect 10. Distally detached fragment 11. Proximally detached fragment 12. Two-fragments injury (in the midsection) 13. Avulsion-fracture of the distal end 14. Avulsion-fracture of the proximal end 15. Subsynovial avulsion of the distal end 16. Subsynovial avulsion of the proximal end 17. Synovial sheath 18. Partial distal end detachment 19. Partial proximal end detachment 20. Partial subsynovial injury 21. Complete subsynovial injury 22. Combination of pathological changes PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF LCF 1. Edema 2. Dystrophic change in the stroma 3. Total dystrophic change 4. Metaplasia 5. Sclerosis 6. Hyalinosis 7. Fibrosis ...

Load on LCF

Version : 20240419 Magnitude of LCF Load 1. Optimally loaded 2. Partially loaded 3. Unloaded 4. Excessively loaded (overloaded) Reasons for Increased Load on LCF 1. Increase in effective body weight 2. Decrease in the lever arm of the abductor muscle group 3. Decrease in the strength of the abductor muscle group 4. Increase in the lever arm of body weight 5. The presence of a dynamic component (walking, running, jumping) Reasons for Decreased Load on LCF 1. Decrease in body weight 2. Increase in the lever arm of the abductor muscle group 3. Increase in the strength of the abductor muscle group 4. Decrease in the lever arm of body weight 5. Absence of dynamic component (walking, running, jumping) Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur , round ligament, ligamentum teres, classification, functions, dysfunction, l oad ...

Set of Classifications

General Classification of LCF Pathology Version : 20240420 Annotation Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of LCF Pathology. Introduction In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. L.I. Gaevskaya distinguished three types of LCF: 1) long and thick (length 41–51 mm, thickness 5 mm), 2) short and thin (length 10–20 mm, thickness 1 mm), 3) long and of small thickness (length 43–45 mm, with a thickness of 3 mm, and length 28–30 mm with a thickness of 4–5 mm) (1954 ГаевскаяЛИ ). V.V. Kovanov, A.A. Travin identified three varieties of histological structure of LCF: 1) with a predominance of loose connective tissue; 2) with a predominance of dense connective tissue; 3) with a uniform distribution of loose and dense connective tissue ( 1963 КовановВВ _ ТравинАА ). The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to i...

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