1880HuxleyTH

Fragments from the book Huxley T.H. A manual of the anatomy of vertebrated animals (1880). The author writes about the presence and absence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in some animal species.

Quote p. 283

The Phytophaga are divisible into two groups, one existing, and the other extinct. The former consists of the Sloths, or Tardigrada; remarkable animals, which are confined to the great forests of South America, where they lead a purely arboreal life, suspended by their strong, hooklike, claws to the

branches of the trees.

…

The pelvis is exceedingly spacious, and the acetabula are directed backward as well as outward. The femur is devoid of a ligamentum teres. The distal end of the fibula sends inward a process which fits into a fossa situated upon the outer surface of the astragalus, giving rise to that kind of peg-and-socket ankle-joint which is peculiar to these animals.

Quote p. 300

Horse

…

The femur has a large third trochanter (3, Fig. 100), into which the gluteus maximus is inserted. Its head presents a deep pit for the round ligament, and there is a peculiar and very characteristic fossa (10) on the inner and posterior face of the distal moiety of the bone.

Fig. 100. A, Left femur of a Horse, posterior view. 1. Head. 2. Great trochanter. 3. Third trochanter. 4. Lesser trochanter. 5. Pit for round ligament. 10. Fossa. 11. Condyles.

Quote p. 315

Non- Ruminantia, Suidae [pigs]

…

The femur has a round ligament.

Quote p. 365

Proboscidea [Elephantidae]

…

The ilia are immensely expanded transversely. The femur, which is not connected by any round ligament to the acetabulum, is relatively long and slender; and, when the animal is at rest, is directed perpendicularly to the axis of the trunk, not bent up, so as to form an acute angle with that axis, as it is in ordinary quadrupeds.

Quote p. 377

Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)

…

The pelvis is remarkably spacious. The symphysial union of the pubes is always small, and, sometimes, the bones remain separate. The subpubic arch is much rounded. The ilium is narrow, and a mere ridge separates the iliac fossa from the gluteal surface. The femur has a round ligament, and a prominent ridge represents a third trochanter. The distal ends of the tibia and fibula are anchylosed together.

Quote p. 399

Cynomorpha [lower monkeys]

…

The femur has a round ligament.

Quote p. 407

The femur of the Orang has no round ligament, and differs in this respect from the same bone in the other Anthropomorpha. The femur of the Gorilla resembles that of Man, most especially in the projection of the articular surface of the inner condyle beyond the outer.

External links

Huxley T.H. A manual of the anatomy of vertebrated animals. D. Appleton, 1880. [books.google]

Authors & Affiliations

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825- 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist, professor at the Royal School of Mines, Royal Institution, Royal College of Surgeons. [wikipedia.org]

Thomas Henry Huxley (1880 or earlier)
Author print by Lock & Whitfield; original in the wikimedia.org collection
(CC0 – Public Domain, color correction)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, animals, absence

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

Comments

MEDICAL RECORD. Title and contents

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö : Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. Google Books ID: GGKEY:5GXG1LS275N , play.google.com , books.google.com Title, Abstract and Contents CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Dedication [iii] Book Covers and Title [iv] Table of Contents [v] Application [i] ABSTRACT Before you is the final medical record compiled by the author over a professional career as an orthopaedic surgeon. This work outlines information regarding a patient who sustained a hip joint injury in the Middle Bronze Age. The source material is extracted from the Book of Genesis and cross-referenced with facts from history, archaeology, natural science, and medicine past and present. Along the way, it is demonstrated that the protograph was composed in Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate P...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 1

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Introduction Chapter 1 Preamble to the Medical Record CONTENT [i] Text [ii] Navigation [iii] Application [i] Text A unique feature of the Book of Genesis is the abundance of information regarding human physiology and ancient medicine. A striking example is the detailed description in the 32nd chapter of a hip joint injury and its consequences. This knowledge, seamlessly woven into the narrative, is as old as the literary monument itself. How long ago it was composed remains not definitively known, but according to the currently dominant view, it dates back to the late 6th or 5th century BCE (2017OliverS). With the intention of clarifying the aforementioned question and for dating the natural-scientific facts con...

MEDICAL RECORD. Notes

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21cent.bcBaqetIII

Groups of wrestlers on the walls of tomb BH15, belonging to Baqet III – a contemporary of Pharaoh Mentuhotep II (frescoes, Beni Hasan, Egypt). These images depict wrestling scenes and the circumstances under which injuries to the hip joint — including the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) — might occur. The frescoes appear to have served as the basis for the description of wrestling found in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Nint...

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

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Short retelling of chapter 5 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 5. ADAM AND EVE The Book of Genesis narrates the story of a tribe founded by Adam and Eve, described as the "mother of all living." From a genetic perspective, they are depicted as siblings, with an age difference of 18–25 years. According to the biblical epic, they formed humanity’s first family, sustaining themselves on pre-existing fruits and seeds. Their initial home was the "garden in Eden," located "in the east" relative to the narrator. The text identifies geographic markers for Eden’s location: lands like "Asshur," "Cush," and "Havilah," and rivers named "Pishon," "Gihon," "Hiddekel," and "Phrath." The narrator also notes the region’s economic value, mentioning "gold," ...

18c.JoubertJ

Joubert J, painting – Jacob's struggle with God in the form of an angel (17-18th cent.). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Jean Joubert – Jacob's struggle with God in the form of an angel (17-18th ce...

1849QuainJ

Fragments from the book by Jones Quain (fifth edition): Elements of anatomy Vol. 1 (1849), the first edition was published in 1828. The author writes about the anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and mentions synonyms. Quote p. 278 THE HIP-JOINT. This is a true ball-and-socket joint, in which the globular head of the femur is received into the acetabulum or cotyloid cavity. The articulating surfaces are covered by cartilage in the greater part of their extent. It is deficient, however, at the bottom of the cavity, and also a little beneath the central point of the head of the femur; the latter marking the insertion of the round ligament, the former a shallow fossa for the lodgment of the structure which has been called the synovial gland. The connecting means in this articulation are three ligaments, viz. a capsular, cotyloid, and interarticular ligament, together with a synovial membrane. Fig. 147. Ligaments of the pelvis and hip-joint. The view is t...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 9

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book o f Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Life History Chapter 9 Epidemiological and Sanitary-Hygienic HISTORY CONTENT [i] Epidemiological History [ii] Sanitary-Hygienic History [iii] Navigation [ iv] Application [i] Epidemiological History In general, Jacob's epidemiological history should be characterized as "unremarkable". No mass infection or deaths are described in his immediate environment. Our attention was drawn only to the account of the consecutive deaths of two young men. First, Jacob's grandson Er, the firstborn son of Judah, died (Gen. 38:6–7). Shortly thereafter, the younger brother of the deceased, Onan, passed away (Gen. 38:8, 10). No symptoms of disease are indicated for the deceased, nor is there any information r...

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