1880HuxleyTH

Fragments from the book Huxley T.H. A manual of the anatomy of vertebrated animals (1880). The author writes about the presence and absence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in some animal species.

Quote p. 283

The Phytophaga are divisible into two groups, one existing, and the other extinct. The former consists of the Sloths, or Tardigrada; remarkable animals, which are confined to the great forests of South America, where they lead a purely arboreal life, suspended by their strong, hooklike, claws to the

branches of the trees.

…

The pelvis is exceedingly spacious, and the acetabula are directed backward as well as outward. The femur is devoid of a ligamentum teres. The distal end of the fibula sends inward a process which fits into a fossa situated upon the outer surface of the astragalus, giving rise to that kind of peg-and-socket ankle-joint which is peculiar to these animals.

Quote p. 300

Horse

…

The femur has a large third trochanter (3, Fig. 100), into which the gluteus maximus is inserted. Its head presents a deep pit for the round ligament, and there is a peculiar and very characteristic fossa (10) on the inner and posterior face of the distal moiety of the bone.

Fig. 100. A, Left femur of a Horse, posterior view. 1. Head. 2. Great trochanter. 3. Third trochanter. 4. Lesser trochanter. 5. Pit for round ligament. 10. Fossa. 11. Condyles.

Quote p. 315

Non- Ruminantia, Suidae [pigs]

…

The femur has a round ligament.

Quote p. 365

Proboscidea [Elephantidae]

…

The ilia are immensely expanded transversely. The femur, which is not connected by any round ligament to the acetabulum, is relatively long and slender; and, when the animal is at rest, is directed perpendicularly to the axis of the trunk, not bent up, so as to form an acute angle with that axis, as it is in ordinary quadrupeds.

Quote p. 377

Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)

…

The pelvis is remarkably spacious. The symphysial union of the pubes is always small, and, sometimes, the bones remain separate. The subpubic arch is much rounded. The ilium is narrow, and a mere ridge separates the iliac fossa from the gluteal surface. The femur has a round ligament, and a prominent ridge represents a third trochanter. The distal ends of the tibia and fibula are anchylosed together.

Quote p. 399

Cynomorpha [lower monkeys]

…

The femur has a round ligament.

Quote p. 407

The femur of the Orang has no round ligament, and differs in this respect from the same bone in the other Anthropomorpha. The femur of the Gorilla resembles that of Man, most especially in the projection of the articular surface of the inner condyle beyond the outer.

External links

Huxley T.H. A manual of the anatomy of vertebrated animals. D. Appleton, 1880. [books.google]

Authors & Affiliations

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825- 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist, professor at the Royal School of Mines, Royal Institution, Royal College of Surgeons. [wikipedia.org]

Thomas Henry Huxley (1880 or earlier)
Author print by Lock & Whitfield; original in the wikimedia.org collection
(CC0 – Public Domain, color correction)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, animals, absence

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

ZOOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

Comments

Catalog. LCF of Extinct Species

Discussion of the LCF and morphological signs of its existence in extinct species. Funston, G. F. (2024). Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlae011. [ academic.oup.com ] Hafed, A. B., Koretsky, I. A., Nance, J. R., Koper, L., & Rahmat, S. J. (2024). New Neogene fossil phocid postcranial material from the Atlantic (USA). Historical Biology, 1-20. [ tandfonline.com ] Kuznetsov, A. N., & Sennikov, A. G. (2000). On the function of a perforated acetabulum in archosaurs and birds. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL, 34(4), 439-448. [ researchgate.net ] Romer, A. S. (1922). The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 46, article 10. [ digitallibrary.amnh.org , digitallibrary.amnh.org(PDF) ] Słowiak, J., Brusatte, S. L., & Szczygielski, T. (2024). Reassessment of the enigmati...

LCF in 2025 (November)

LCF in 2025 ( November ) (Quotes from articles and books published in October 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Awad, A., Rizk, A., ElAlfy, M., Hamed, M., Abdelghany, A. M., Mosbah, E., ... & Karrouf, G. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Platelet Rich Fibrin on Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis Repair in a Rat Model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials , 113 (11), e35672. [i] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Loughzail, M. R., Aguenaou, O., Fekhaoui, M. R., Mekkaoui, J., Bassir, R. A., Boufettal, M., ... & Lamrani, M. O. (2025). Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Sch J Med Case Rep , 10 , 2483-2486. [ii] saspublishers.com , saspublishers.com Vertesich, K., Noebauer-Huhmann, I. M., Schreiner, M., Schneider, E., Willegger,...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion and Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis? A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Egyptian physician [iv] Asian diviner [v] Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii] Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

1878MarshallJ

Fragments from the book Marshall J. Anatomy for artists (1878). The author discusses the anatomy and briefly the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): «… checks adduction of the thigh, or a sinking down of the pelvis upon the opposite side, and, possibly, also limits the reciprocal, horizontal rotatory movements of the femur and the pelvis on each other» . Quote p. 65 The head of the femur is almost entirely received into the acetabulum, a deep socket of the hip-bone, thus forming the largest and most complete ball-and- socket joint in the body. At a point on the inner side of the head of the femur, a little below and also behind its centre, is a small rough, bifid , depression, for the attachment of the ligamentum teres of the hip-joint. Opposite this point, the head of the bone is, however, more prominent than elsewhere, and corresponds with a non- articular depressed portion of the acetabulum. Quote p. 68 The ligamentum teres, which is attached by one en...

1916WalmsleyT

Article by Walmsley T. A note on the retinacula of Weitbrecht (1916). The author discusses the embryonic development and relationships of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in humans and animals. A NOTE ON THE RETINACULA OF WEITBRECHT. By THOMAS WALMSLEY, M.B., Senior Demonstrator in Anatomy, University of Glasgow. The synovial membrane of the hip-joint is in extent and attachment similar to that of other diarthroses, but the retinacula of Weitbrecht (or ligaments of Stanley) lend to it a special interest. These retinacula are readily recognized on the interior of the capsule as flattened bands passing inwards towards the margin of the head of the femur from the attachment of the peripheral capsule. The following description of their constitution may be selected as expressive of current opinion. The retinacula are arranged in three groups, superior, middle, and inferior: structurally, they are synovial covered capsular reflections: morphologic...

1956PelletLL

Invention ( Patent ) : Pellet LL. Hip arthroplasty with flexible securing means US2765787 (1956) . US2765787A United States Inventor: Leon L Pellet Current Assignee: Individual Worldwide applications 1954 US Application US447107A events: 1954-08-02 Application filed by Individual 1954-08-02 Priority to US447107A 1956-10-09 Application granted 1956-10-09 Publication of US2765787A 1973-10-09 Anticipated expiration Status: Expired - Lifetime HIP ARTHROPLASTY WITH FLEXBLE SECURING MEANS Leon L. Pellet, Dallas, Tex. Application August 2, 1954, Serial No. 447,107 19 Claims. (C. 128-92) This invention relates to a method and means for treating subcapital fractures of the femur. Subcapital fractures of the femur, i. e. fracture of the neck of the femur between the head and the trochanter of the femur, occur frequently in elderly people because the bone structure of the femoral neck becomes porous and weak with age. Further, sometimes, as a result of ase...

1857RichetA

Fragments of the book Richet A. Traité pratique d' Anatomie medico-chirurgicale (1857) are devoted to the anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The author believes that the vessels passing through the LCF are sufficient to supply blood to the femoral head. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. Quote pp. 922-923 Articulation coxo-femorale. Cette articulation, qui appartient à la classe des énarthroses dont elle représente le type, a été l'objet de travaux importants de la part des physiologistes et des chirurgiens, et c'est aux frères Weber et à M. Malgaigne, plutôt qu'aux anatomistes purs, qu'on doit d'avoir mis en lumière un grand nombre des faits qui vont suivre et qui éclairent des questions pathologiques avant eux restées insol...

2000ShahMK

Invention ( Patent ) : Shah MK. Joint replacement system, US6010535 (2000). US6010535A United States Inventor: Mrugesh K. Shah Current Assignee: Individual Worldwide applications 1998 US Application US09/070,205 events: 1998-04-30 Application filed by Individual 1998-04-30 Priority to US09/070,205 2000-01-04 Application granted 2000-01-04 Publication of US6010535A 2018-04-30 Anticipated expiration Status: Expired - Fee Related Joint replacement system Mrugesh K. Shah Abstract A replacement system for a joint including a first cup member having an interior lining material and forming a hemispherical cavity therein, a ball member received within the hemispherical cavity and being cantable within the cavity, a securing member connected to the first cup member for affixing the first cup member within an acetabulum area of the pelvic bone of a human joint, and an affixing member interconnected to the ball member for affixing the ball member against the ...

1865RoseE

The author describes his own experiments on the hip joint and mentions the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Edmund Rose noted that the LCF allowed the femoral head to be removed from the acetabulum more than 1½ inches (38.1 mm). The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet. Die Mechanik des Hüftgelenkes. Von Dr. EDMUND ROSE, Docent der Chirurgie in Berlin. Quote p. 528-530 Ich fuhr danach fort, die Weber'schen Experimente zwar nicht wörtlich nachzumachen, aber zur Controlle zu variiren, indem ich zunächst den Pfannenboden dicht oberhalb des untern Horns und neben dem Lig. teres von der Pfanne aus durchbohrte, um so die Kugel nicht zu verletzen, was bei umgekehrkehrter Richtung, da sich Pfanne und Kugel berühren, den Mechanikern unvermeidlich scheint (1), wonach dann freilich ...

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