1649RiolanJ

Fragments from the book Riolan J. Opera anatomica (1649). The author discusses the areas of attachment of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), physical properties and mentions several rare synonyms (neruus, priuatum, neurocartilagineum). In particular, the author chooses the unusual term «neurocartilagineum, which is mentioned by 1880HyrtlJ and 1803SchregerCHT. It should be noted that the translation «neurocartilaginous» would be incorrect, since Jean Riolan implies «sinew» rather than «nerve». In quoting Hippocrates, the author is clearly mistaken, since the LCF is described in the treatise on «Mochlicus» (Instruments of Reductions). In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet.

Quote p. 514.

[Lat]

In librum Galeni De ossibus ad tyrones commentaries.

Commentarius in caput XX. De crure.

Caput XXVII.

In vnoquoque quaedam obseruanda veniunt. Ac primum in superiore notari debet Caput rotundum coxendici articulatum, quod Hippocrati, lib. de Ossibuum natura, epiphiysis est, ex qua nascitur Neruus, qui Femur acetabulo colligat & adstringit. Huic substrata pars gracilior Ceruix dicitur, quae acetabulo foris extrorsum abscedit, vt musculis inferna parte collocandis, itemque magnis venis, arteriis, neruis & glandulis vasorum diuifionibus praepositis locum relioqueret, in quit Gelenus, lib. 3. de vsu partium.

Quote p. 638.

[Lat]

Animadversiones in opus anatomicum Andreae Laurentij.

Ligamenta Femoris et Tibia.

Cap. II. lib.3. Non rect describit ligamentum, quod appellat priuatum, a cotyles fundo in medium femoris caput productum. Non enim enascitur a fundo cotyles, sed ab illo hiatu aspero ad latus internum cotyles exsculpto, istudque ligamentum medium est inter neruum & cartilaginem, vt neurocartilagineum dici debeat, atque etiam cruentum est, quale spectur illud ligamentum interiectum tibiae & femori, quod est vnicum, latum, non triplex, vt voluit Laurentius.

Translation

[Eng]

Quote p. 514.

On Galen's book «On Bones for Beginners». Comments.

COMMENTARY TO CHAPTER XX. About the shin.

Chapter XXVII.

Each of them has something to observe. First, in the upper part we should note the round head articulated with the hip joint, which Hippocrates in On the Nature of Bones calls the epiphysis, from which emerges the nerve/sinew [Neruus], which connects and strengthens the femur in the acetabulum. Below this is a narrower part called the neck, which extends outward from the acetabulum to leave room for the muscles located in the lower part, as well as for the large veins, arteries, nerves and glands, as well as the branching of the vessels, as Galen says in the book 3 «De vsu partium».

Quote p. 638.

Notes to the anatomical work of Andrea Laurentius.

Ligaments of the thigh and lower leg.

Chapter II, Book 3. He incorrectly describes the ligament, which he calls private [priuatum], emerging from the floor of the acetabulum and attaching to the middle of the femoral head. It does not arise from the floor of the acetabulum, but from this rough hole cut on the inside of the acetabulum, and this ligament is intermediate between the nerve/sinew [neruum], and cartilage [cartilaginem], so it should be called neurocartilaginous/sinewcartilaginous [neurocartilagineum], it also contains blood vessels, like that ligament that connects the tibia and thigh, which is single, broad, and not triple, as Laurentius asserted.

External links

Riolan J. Opera anatomica vetera, recognita, & auctiora, quamplura noua, quorum seriem dabit sequens pagina. Lutetiae Parisiorum: sumptibus Gaspari Meturas viâ Iacobaea, sub signo SS. Trinitatis, prope Maturinenses, MDCXLIX [1649]. [archive.org]

Authors & Affiliations

Jean Riolan the Younger (1580-1657) was French physician, botanist and anatomist, professor of Collège Royal. [wikipedia.org]

Jean Riolan (1626)
Line engraving by M. Lasne after D. Dumontier,
original in the wellcomecollection.org
(CC0 – Public Domain, no changes)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, attachment, synonym, properties

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation. 2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation . 2021PaezC_WengerDR The ar ticle analyzes the results of open reconstruction of LCF in dysplasia. 2008DoddsMK...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Enhancing Posto perative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical mode...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

LCF in 2025 (June)

LCF in 2025 ( June ) (Quotes from articles and books published in June 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Kuhns, B. D., Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Quesada-Jimenez, R., McCarroll, T. R., Kingham, Y. E., Strok, M. J., ... & Domb, B. G. (2025). Evaluating a semiquantitative magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system to predict hip preservation or arthroplasty in patients with an intact preoperative joint space. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery , hnaf027. [i] academic.oup.com Iglesias, C. J. B., García, B. E. C., & Valarezo, J. P. P. (2025) CONTROLLED GANZ DISLOCATION. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal. 11(5)1410-13. DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 [ii] researchgate.net Guimarães, J. B., Arruda, P. H., Cerezal, L., Ratti, M. A., Cruz, I. A., Morimoto, L. R., ... & Ormond Filho, A. G. (2025). Hip Microins...

1724FabriciusJA

Fragments from the book Fabricius JA. Bibliothecae Graecae volume duodecimum (1724). The author quotes the Byzantine physician Theophilus Protospatharius, who supposedly lived between the 7th and 10th centuries. Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its inherent connective function. [Grc] θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος . Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς . Βιβλιον Ε . XIII, [p. 892] (see fig.) [Lat] Theophilus Protospatharius. De corporis humani fabrica, Liber quintus, Cap. XIII [p. 892] 1) Dei erga homines amor ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum adstringensque, ne facile elabatur:» 2) inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes & solae, qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur, sed latae, valenter que heminae oras ad commissurae praesidium ambientes. Translation [Eng] 1) For the sake ...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research

The author is looking for a laboratory to continue his research. Areas for cooperation: - pathogenesis and prevention of coxarthrosis - arthroscopy of the hip joint - hip arthroplasty - reconstruction of the hip joint ligaments - biomechanics of postures and locomotion - classification of ligament pathology - remote diagnostics of hip joint ligament pathology Email: archipovsv@gmail.com Briefly about Sergey Arkhipov Bibliography Experimental material Blog [Rus] Blog [Eng] ResearchGate ORCID Twitter / Х Academia.edu BLOG CONTENT NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

LCF in English Bibles

The primary source for translating the Bible into English is the Hebrew literary monument Torah. In its first part, the Book of Bereshit (32:33 ) , there is a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which in Hebrew is called « גיד » (gheed, gid) (1923, 2004PreussJ; 2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Probably one of the earliest written translations of the Bible into Old English was made by Ælfric of Eynsham, who worked approximately between 955–1010 CE (1050Aelfric’s). In Aelfric's Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase, the Hebrew concept of « גיד » [gheed], that is, LCF, is mentioned twice in the 25th and 32nd verses of the XXXII Chapter of the Book of Genesis and is called «sine» ( Figure 1, 2 ). In Middle English, translators Nicholas of Hereford and John Wycliffe named LCF as «synwe», and in John Purvey's Bible edition - «senewe» (1850ForshallJ_MaddenF). In Bibles in Early Modern English, LCF is designated as «senow» and «senowe» (1530TyndaleW; 1535CoverdaleM; 1...

190-230Mishnah Chullin

Tractate Mishnah Chullin was written between about 190 - 230 in Israel and discuss laws related to consumption of meat. The selected quotes talk about the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. See our commentary at the link: 190-230Mishnah Chullin [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:2 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:3 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 4. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:4 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 5. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:5 (original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 6. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:6 (original source: sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 The prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve applies both in Eretz Yisrael and outside of Eretz Yisrael, in the presence of, i.e., the time of, the Temple and not in the presence of th...

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