2013ClaytonM PhiloR

Fragment from the book Clayton M, Philo R. Leonardo da Vinci: The mechanics of man (2013). The authors describe a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the insertion site of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). The drawing was created in the winter of 1510-1511 in Milan while studying the anatomy of the human body (1510Leonardo_da Vinci).

Quote p. 90

The slightly enlarged upper head of the fibula and the blunted appearance of the styloid processes at the end of the tibia and fibula may have resulted from using freshly prepared bones, with portions of ligaments and cartilage remaining, rather than dried bones. A small piece of ligament seems to be visible on the head of the femur in the drawings below, at upper right and at upper center, and the patella drawn in isolation at upper left appears to have some of the patellar ligament remaining on its lower edge.

Fragments: Leonardo da Vinci. The bones and muscles of the leg (c.1510-11) (© Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024 | Royal Collection Trust, rct.uk).

External links

Clayton M, Philo R. Leonardo da Vinci: The mechanics of man. London: Royal Collection Trust, 2013. [rct.uk]

Leonardo da Vinci. The bones and muscles of the leg (recto); The muscles of the shoulder, arm and neck (verso) c.1510-11. Black chalk, pen and ink, wash | 28.8 x 20.2 cm (sheet of paper) | RCIN 919008 [rct.uk]. © Royal Collection Enterprises Limited 2024 | Royal Collection Trust (www.royalcollection.org.uk).

Authors & Affiliations

Martin Clayton is Head of Prints and Drawings, Royal Collection Trust.

Ron Phil was Senior Lecturer in the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and is now retired.

Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinc, 1452-1519) a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. [wikipedia.org]

Leonardo da Vinci (circa 1515–1517)
Author Francesco Melzi (?), original in the wikimedia.org collection
(CC0 – Public Domain, color correction)

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, anatomy, attachment, image

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

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MEDICAL RECORD. Title and contents

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö : Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. Google Books ID: GGKEY:5GXG1LS275N , play.google.com , books.google.com Title, Abstract and Contents CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Dedication [iii] Book Covers and Title [iv] Table of Contents [v] Application [i] ABSTRACT Before you is the final medical record compiled by the author over a professional career as an orthopaedic surgeon. This work outlines information regarding a patient who sustained a hip joint injury in the Middle Bronze Age. The source material is extracted from the Book of Genesis and cross-referenced with facts from history, archaeology, natural science, and medicine past and present. Along the way, it is demonstrated that the protograph was composed in Ancient Egypt during the Second Intermediate P...

MEDICAL RECORD. Notes

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com NB! Notes CONTENT [i] Notes [ii] About the Book and Author [iii] Navigation [ iv] Application [i] Notes · Kyrö is an idyllic settlement situated in the upper reaches of the Finnish Aurochs River (the Tarvasjoki). · The bibliographic referencing system has been adapted by the author. In-text citations emphasize the publication date and the senior author, who typically acts as the principal investigator of the research team. The end-of-text references are based on the international APA (American Psychological Association) citation style and are tailored to reduce character count. This approach curtails typesetting costs, limits publication space requirements, and decreases paper and toner consumption during pri...

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS ( Erroneous and folkloric beliefs, folk and traditional stories...) LCF in English Bibles The first written mention of the LCF in humans is found in the ancient Hebrew book – Bereshit (Genesis). In English translations of the Bible, LCF is denoted by various terms, often not explicitly referring to the «ligament». The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII In the selected excerpt, the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnostic test for the injury to LCF are provided, along with details about the circumstances, time, and place of the biblical trauma. 1609-1583bcProtoBereshit Hypothesis: in the work of fiction, an unknown physician-encyclopedist for the first time pointed out damage to the LCF as a cause of gait disturbance. 922-722bcElohist A variant of the oldest description of damage to the LCF and the cause of lameness in Hebrew, dating from 922-722 BC. 8cent.bcHomer The...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 1

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Introduction Chapter 1 Preamble to the Medical Record CONTENT [i] Text [ii] Navigation [iii] Application [i] Text A unique feature of the Book of Genesis is the abundance of information regarding human physiology and ancient medicine. A striking example is the detailed description in the 32nd chapter of a hip joint injury and its consequences. This knowledge, seamlessly woven into the narrative, is as old as the literary monument itself. How long ago it was composed remains not definitively known, but according to the currently dominant view, it dates back to the late 6th or 5th century BCE (2017OliverS). With the intention of clarifying the aforementioned question and for dating the natural-scientific facts con...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 9

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book o f Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Life History Chapter 9 Epidemiological and Sanitary-Hygienic HISTORY CONTENT [i] Epidemiological History [ii] Sanitary-Hygienic History [iii] Navigation [ iv] Application [i] Epidemiological History In general, Jacob's epidemiological history should be characterized as "unremarkable". No mass infection or deaths are described in his immediate environment. Our attention was drawn only to the account of the consecutive deaths of two young men. First, Jacob's grandson Er, the firstborn son of Judah, died (Gen. 38:6–7). Shortly thereafter, the younger brother of the deceased, Onan, passed away (Gen. 38:8, 10). No symptoms of disease are indicated for the deceased, nor is there any information r...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 5

Short retelling of chapter 5 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 5. ADAM AND EVE The Book of Genesis narrates the story of a tribe founded by Adam and Eve, described as the "mother of all living." From a genetic perspective, they are depicted as siblings, with an age difference of 18–25 years. According to the biblical epic, they formed humanity’s first family, sustaining themselves on pre-existing fruits and seeds. Their initial home was the "garden in Eden," located "in the east" relative to the narrator. The text identifies geographic markers for Eden’s location: lands like "Asshur," "Cush," and "Havilah," and rivers named "Pishon," "Gihon," "Hiddekel," and "Phrath." The narrator also notes the region’s economic value, mentioning "gold," ...

18c.JoubertJ

Joubert J, painting – Jacob's struggle with God in the form of an angel (17-18th cent.). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Jean Joubert – Jacob's struggle with God in the form of an angel (17-18th ce...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 2

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com Introduction Chapter 2 Chronology of the Medical Record CONTENT [i] Text [ii] Navigation [iii] Application [i] Text When reading the Book of Genesis , we learn that the first recorded patient with an injury to the ligament of the head of femur was a man named Ya'akov (Gen. 32:25, 33). In adapted usage, the name is rendered as Jacob. According to the narrative, he was born near the well of Beer-Lahai-Roi, between Kadesh and Bered in the Negev Desert, which is in the south of the "Canaanite" land (Gen. 16:14, 23:19, 24:62). As is clear from the text, the "Canaanite land" is the western part of the current State of Israel, excluding the vicinity of the Jordan River (Gen. 13:11–12). Jacob's father ...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 16

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com History of Present Illness Chapter 16 Textual and Conceptual Borrowings CONTENT [i] Borrowings in the Description of Circumstances [ii] Clarification of the Circumstances of Injury [iii] Medicine in the Description of Circumstances [ iv] Human Joint Ligaments [v] Navigation [vi] Application [i] Borrowings in the Description of Circumstances According to modern legal practice, borrowing ideas, concepts, or facts is not considered plagiarism. Today, legislation protects only a specific form of expression rather than thoughts themselves. However, paraphrasing someone else's ideas in one's own words without attributing the author is recognized as an ethical violation in the academic or scientific community. The Boo...

MEDICAL RECORD. Chapter 13

Book manuscript: Arkhipov S.V. Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. – 312 pp. – 2 tables. – Bibliographical references: 856 entries. play.google.com , books.google.com History of Present Illness Chapter 13 CHRONOLOGY OF THE EXODUS FROM HARAN CONTENT [i] Basis for Dating [ii] Speed and Mode of Transportation [iii] First Stage of the Journey [ iv] Second Stage of the Journey [v] Third Stage of the Journey [vi] Fourth Stage of the Journey [vii] Navigation [viii] Application [i] Basis for Dating In our opinion, the physician who examined the prototype of Jacob did not argue or attempt to persuade him otherwise upon hearing the account of the injury's circumstances. Through his questioning, he helped the patient independently comprehend what had transpired. In parallel, he himself came to understand the cause-and-effect relationships governing the development of the pathological...

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