Skip to main content

2025SarassaC_HerreraAM

 

Content



[i] Annotation

Abstract of the article: Sarassa C. et al. Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes (2025). The article describes a technique for fixing the femoral head using the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025SarassaC_HerreraAM.


Abstract

Background

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with complete dislocation (grade ≥III) in older patients often requires open reduction. However, achieving long-term stability remains challenging. This study introduces and evaluates a novel surgical technique, intraosseous tunneling and ligamentodesis of the ligamentum teres (LT), conceived to enhance postoperative hip stability while preserving the ligament’s anatomic course.

Methods

Pediatric patients with grade ≥III DDH, as classified by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI), underwent open reduction using a novel ligamentum teres ligamentodesis technique to enhance joint stability. The ligament was detached, sutured, and tunneled intraosseously from the fovea to the greater trochanter, then anchored to the periosteum. Postoperative evaluation included gait status, pain, hip range of motion, reluxation, residual dysplasia, avascular necrosis (AVN), physeal bars, growth arrest, complications, and need for reintervention.

Results

Nineteen hips in 16 patients (14 females, 2 males) with a median age of 24 months underwent LT intraosseous ligamentodesis combined with femoral and pelvic osteotomies. At a median follow-up of 23 months, all patients were pain-free, had normal gait, and no functional limitations, except for one case of persistent limping and one hip with mild limitation of abduction. Radiographically, all hips achieved satisfactory outcomes with IHDI type I, and severing grades I (80%) and II (20%). No cases of redislocation, dysplasia, infection, physeal bars, or growth arrest were observed. Two hips (10.5%) developed asymptomatic AVN.

Conclusions

The ligamentum teres intraosseous ligamentodesis (“Teretization”) is a safe and technically feasible adjunct to open reduction in severe DDH, demonstrating favorable mid-term outcomes with no redislocations and low complication rates. These findings support its potential role in enhancing hip stability without jeopardizing femoral head physis and vascularity.

Level of Evidence

Level IV—therapeutic case series. This study evaluates a novel surgical technique in a series of patients with congenital hip dislocation without a control group.


Noordin S, Umer M, Hafeez K, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip. Orthop Rev. 2010;2:e19.

Zhou W, Sankar WN, Zhang F, et al. Evolution of concentricity after closed reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B:618–626.

Castañeda P, Moscona L, Masrouha K. The effect of femoral shortening in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip after walking age. J Child Orthop. 2019;13:371–376.

Garcia S, Demetri L, Starcevich A, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: controversies in management. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022;15:272–282.

Zhang Z, Li H, Li H, et al. Timing for closed reduction procedure for developmental dysplasia of the hip and its failure analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21:613.

Alexiev V, Georgiev H, Mileva S. Middle term results of simple open hip reduction of irreducible DDH - what is the cut-off age to safely perform it with lower complications? Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2017;84:386–390.

Ergin ON, Demirel M, Meric E, et al. A comparative study of clinical and radiological outcomes of open reduction using the anterior and medial approaches for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Indian J Orthop. 2021;55:130–141.

Antonio Redón Tavera M, Saúl Renán León Hernández M, Cleva Villanueva López G, et al. Ligamentopexia del ligamento redondo al acetábulo. Reluxación y necrosis postoperatorias en la cadera congénita. Rev Mex Ortop Ped. 2012;14:17–25.

Bache CE, Graham HK, Dickens DRV, et al. Ligamentum teres tenodesis in medial approach open reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:607–613.

Gardner ROE, Bradley CS, Sharma OP, et al. Long-term outcome following medial open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a retrospective cohort study. J Child Orthop. 2016;10:179–184.

Li T, Zhang M, Wang H, et al. Absence of ligamentum teres in developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:708–711.

Martin RL, Palmer I, Martin HD. Ligamentum teres: a functional description and potential clinical relevance. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20:1209–1214.

Paez C, Badrinath R, Holt J, et al. Ligamentum teres transfer during medial open reduction in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Iowa Orthop J. 2021;41:47–53.

Kivlan BR, Richard Clemente F, Martin RL, et al. Function of the ligamentum teres during multi-planar movement of the hip joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:1664–1668.

Dehao BW, Bing TK, Young JLS. Understanding the ligamentum teres of the hip: a histological study. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015;23:29–33.

Wenger D, Firoz Miyanji Þ, Mahar A, et al. The mechanical properties of the ligamentum teres: a pilot study to assess its potential for improving stability in children’s hip surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:408–410.

Hosalkar HS, Varley ES, Glaser D, et al. Isocentric reattachment of ligamentum teres. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:847–852.

Abibe RB, Rahal SC, Reis Mesquita LD, et al. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14777.

Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results. J Child Orthop. 2008;2:177–185.

Youssef AO. Medial approach open reduction with ligamentum teres partial excision and plication for the management of congenital hip dislocation. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2018;27:244–249.

Dodds MK, Lee J, McCormack D. Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:36–42.

Narayanan U, Mulpuri K, Sankar WN, et al. Reliability of a new radiographic classification for developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:478–484.

Mckay DW. A comparison of the innominate and the pericapsular osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;98:124–132.

Baghdadi S, Sankar WN. Residual acetabular dysplasia in the reduced hip. Indian J Orthop. Springer; 2020;55:1480–1489.

SEVERIN E. Congenital dislocation of the hip; development of the joint after closed reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1950;32-A:507–518.

Kalamchi A, MacEwen GD. Avascular necrosis following treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:876–888.

Watson-Jones R. Fractures of the neck of the femur. J Br Surg. 1936;23:787–808.

O’Donnell JM, Pritchard M, Salas AP, et al. The ligamentum teres–its increasing importance. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1:3–11.

Vitale MG, Skaggs DL. Developmental dysplasia of the hip from six months to four years of age. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9:401–411.

Sankar WN, Young CR, Lin AG, et al. Risk factors for failure after open reduction for DDH. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:232–239.

Thomas SR, Wedge JH, Salter RB. Outcome at forty-five years after open reduction and innominate osteotomy for late-presenting developmental dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg. 2007;89:2341–2350.

Umer M, Nawaz H, Kasi PM, et al. Outcome of triple procedure in older children with developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). J Pak Med Assoc. 2007;57:591–595.

Galpin RD, Roach JW, Wenger DR, et al. One-stage treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children, including femoral shortening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:734–741.

Makela E, Vainionpaa S, Vihtonen K, et al. The effect of trauma to the lower femoral epiphyseal plate. An experimental study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70-B:187–191.

Seil R, Pape D, Kohn D. The risk of growth changes during transphyseal drilling in sheep with open physes. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:824–833.

Knapik DM, Zirkle LG, Liu RW. Consequences following distal femoral growth plate violation in an ovine model with an intramedullary implant: a pilot study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38:e640–e645.

Darwich A, Geiselhardt C, Bdeir M, et al. Anthropometry of the proximal femur and femoral head in children/adolescents using three-dimensional computed tomography-based measurements. Surg Radiol Anat. 2021;43:2009–2023.

Bertocci G, Brown NP, Thompson A, et al. Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Clin Anat. 2022;35:305–315.

Elzohairy MM, Elhefnawy MM, Khairy HM. Revision of failed open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12:542.

Alassaf N. Predictors of femoral shortening for pediatric developmental hip dysplasia surgery: an observational study in 435 patients. Patient Saf Surg. 2018;12:29.

Türközü T. One-stage combined surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the children aged over 18 months. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2023;8:328–333.

Willis MC. Medical Terminology: The Language of Health Care. Goucher J. 1st ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1996:1–631.

Oxford Latin Dictionary : OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. Accessed July 22,2025. archive.org

Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed July 22,2025. etymonline.com

A Dictionary Of Linguistics And Phonetics : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. Accessed July 22,2025. archive.org


Sarassa C, Aristizabal S, Mejía R, García JJ, Quintero D, Herrera AM. Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2025 Dec 4. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000003189  journals.lww.com


The work is cited in the following publications: LCF in 2025 (December)


Carlos Sarassa – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Simon Aristizabal – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Roiman Mejía – Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.

Juan J García – Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Daniel Quintero – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Ana M Herrera – Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Clínica del Campestre. 


ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, pathology, congenital dislocation, dislocation, plastic surgery, reconstruction, open plastic surgery



NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

                                                                   

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Vertebrates

VERTEBRATES According to the molecular clock, a specific method for dating phylogenetic events, vertebrates (Vertebrata) separated from arthropods (Arthropoda) 976±97 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). The latter began to dominate in species diversity with the Cambrian burst of radiation, which occurred 520 Ma (2010EdgecombeGD). This ratio in the fauna of the Earth is still preserved. Approximately 525 Ma, the phylum Chordates separated from the group of bilaterally symmetrical animals (1995ChenJY_ZhouGQ). In turn, the evolution of chordate organisms led to the formation of the first vertebrates at least 500 Ma, from which the jawed mouths 450-400 Ma descended, becoming the ancestors of the placoderms or "armored" fish (Placodermi) (1979 НаумовНП _ КарташевНН ). Sculptural reconstruction of the placoderm Coccosteus from the order Arthrodires, Middle Devonian, 393.3-382.7  Ma ; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. The first cartilaginou...

1990HarveyB

  Harvey B, sculpture, Jacob wrestling with the angel (ca. 1990).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Bessie Harvey – tree root sculpture Jacob Wres tling with the Angel (ca. 1990); original in the high.org collection (Fair...

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May )  (Quotes from articles and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34.     [i]     e-aosm.org   Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.      [ii] link.springer.com   Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788.      [iii]     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

Online Journal «ABOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», May 2026

  The journal is dedicated to the  ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF)  and related topics   About the Journal »»»                                                                                . The online journal « About Round Ligament of Femur » was created based on the scientific blog of the same name. The resource is the English-language part of the project:  ONLINE JOURNAL: Ligamentum capitis femoris .   Updates: As new materials are prepared. Mission : Popularization and preservation of knowledge about LCF, as well as promoting its practical application. Main goal: Improvement of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of injuries and diseases of the hip joint. Publisher: Arkhipov S.V., independent researcher, PhD, orthopedic surgeon. Reviewers: G...

1132Sant’Orso

  Collegiate Church of Sant’Orso of Aosta (France), capital – Jacob with the Angel (1132).  Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Collegiate Church of Sant’Orso of Aosta (1132) Capital № 21 – Jacob with the Angel. О riginal ...

20c.WikstromB

  Wikstrom B , s culpture I will not let you go» (Jacob wrestling the Angel , 20th cent.?) .   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Brit Wikstrom – « I will not let you go» (Jacob wrestling the Angel , 20th?) . O riginal in gg...

1943SinzWA

  Sinz WA , s culpture Jacob and the Angel (1943).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Walter A. Sinz – Jacob and the Angel (1943). Ceramic. Gift of Hilda Kisella (2007.187) ; original in clevelandart.org   collect...

2008ArkhipovSV

  On the Role of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris  in the Maintenance of Different Types of Erect Posture S.V. Arkhipov Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, abductor muscle group, role,  function, hip joint, model, biomechanics, walk, gait cycle, single-legged stance  ABSTRACT New experimental and clinical data on the function of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its participation in maintaining an erect posture were obtained. It was established that this anatomical element is involved in constraining the hip joint adduction and may fi x the joint in the frontal plane, turning it into an analogue of a second-class lever. In both unstrained one-support and asymmetrical two-support orthostatic postures, when the LCF is stretched and the abductor muscle group is exerted, a load equal to the body weight is evenly distributed between the upper and lower hemispheres of the caput femoris. In addition, the LCF fu...

1953HoltF

  Friso ten Holt , painting Jacob and the angel (1953).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Friso ten Holt – Jacob and the Angel (1953); original in the artway.eu (Fair use for criticism, study and comparison, no changed)....

BLOG CONTENT

  T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health,  to create new implants and techniques  of treating degenerative  pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5)  and the Google Translate service .  We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections!     TABLES OF CONTENTS    Acetabular Canal   (Anatomy, topography and significance of the functioning area of ​​the ligamentum capitis femoris) Acetabular Canal.  Part 1.   This article describes the space where the ligam...