Skip to main content

2025SarassaC_HerreraAM

 

Content



[i] Annotation

Abstract of the article: Sarassa C. et al. Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes (2025). The article describes a technique for fixing the femoral head using the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025SarassaC_HerreraAM.


Abstract

Background

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with complete dislocation (grade ≥III) in older patients often requires open reduction. However, achieving long-term stability remains challenging. This study introduces and evaluates a novel surgical technique, intraosseous tunneling and ligamentodesis of the ligamentum teres (LT), conceived to enhance postoperative hip stability while preserving the ligament’s anatomic course.

Methods

Pediatric patients with grade ≥III DDH, as classified by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI), underwent open reduction using a novel ligamentum teres ligamentodesis technique to enhance joint stability. The ligament was detached, sutured, and tunneled intraosseously from the fovea to the greater trochanter, then anchored to the periosteum. Postoperative evaluation included gait status, pain, hip range of motion, reluxation, residual dysplasia, avascular necrosis (AVN), physeal bars, growth arrest, complications, and need for reintervention.

Results

Nineteen hips in 16 patients (14 females, 2 males) with a median age of 24 months underwent LT intraosseous ligamentodesis combined with femoral and pelvic osteotomies. At a median follow-up of 23 months, all patients were pain-free, had normal gait, and no functional limitations, except for one case of persistent limping and one hip with mild limitation of abduction. Radiographically, all hips achieved satisfactory outcomes with IHDI type I, and severing grades I (80%) and II (20%). No cases of redislocation, dysplasia, infection, physeal bars, or growth arrest were observed. Two hips (10.5%) developed asymptomatic AVN.

Conclusions

The ligamentum teres intraosseous ligamentodesis (“Teretization”) is a safe and technically feasible adjunct to open reduction in severe DDH, demonstrating favorable mid-term outcomes with no redislocations and low complication rates. These findings support its potential role in enhancing hip stability without jeopardizing femoral head physis and vascularity.

Level of Evidence

Level IV—therapeutic case series. This study evaluates a novel surgical technique in a series of patients with congenital hip dislocation without a control group.


Noordin S, Umer M, Hafeez K, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip. Orthop Rev. 2010;2:e19.

Zhou W, Sankar WN, Zhang F, et al. Evolution of concentricity after closed reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B:618–626.

Castañeda P, Moscona L, Masrouha K. The effect of femoral shortening in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip after walking age. J Child Orthop. 2019;13:371–376.

Garcia S, Demetri L, Starcevich A, et al. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: controversies in management. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022;15:272–282.

Zhang Z, Li H, Li H, et al. Timing for closed reduction procedure for developmental dysplasia of the hip and its failure analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21:613.

Alexiev V, Georgiev H, Mileva S. Middle term results of simple open hip reduction of irreducible DDH - what is the cut-off age to safely perform it with lower complications? Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2017;84:386–390.

Ergin ON, Demirel M, Meric E, et al. A comparative study of clinical and radiological outcomes of open reduction using the anterior and medial approaches for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Indian J Orthop. 2021;55:130–141.

Antonio Redón Tavera M, Saúl Renán León Hernández M, Cleva Villanueva López G, et al. Ligamentopexia del ligamento redondo al acetábulo. Reluxación y necrosis postoperatorias en la cadera congénita. Rev Mex Ortop Ped. 2012;14:17–25.

Bache CE, Graham HK, Dickens DRV, et al. Ligamentum teres tenodesis in medial approach open reduction for developmental dislocation of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:607–613.

Gardner ROE, Bradley CS, Sharma OP, et al. Long-term outcome following medial open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip: a retrospective cohort study. J Child Orthop. 2016;10:179–184.

Li T, Zhang M, Wang H, et al. Absence of ligamentum teres in developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:708–711.

Martin RL, Palmer I, Martin HD. Ligamentum teres: a functional description and potential clinical relevance. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20:1209–1214.

Paez C, Badrinath R, Holt J, et al. Ligamentum teres transfer during medial open reduction in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Iowa Orthop J. 2021;41:47–53.

Kivlan BR, Richard Clemente F, Martin RL, et al. Function of the ligamentum teres during multi-planar movement of the hip joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:1664–1668.

Dehao BW, Bing TK, Young JLS. Understanding the ligamentum teres of the hip: a histological study. Acta Ortop Bras. 2015;23:29–33.

Wenger D, Firoz Miyanji Þ, Mahar A, et al. The mechanical properties of the ligamentum teres: a pilot study to assess its potential for improving stability in children’s hip surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007;27:408–410.

Hosalkar HS, Varley ES, Glaser D, et al. Isocentric reattachment of ligamentum teres. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:847–852.

Abibe RB, Rahal SC, Reis Mesquita LD, et al. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14777.

Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results. J Child Orthop. 2008;2:177–185.

Youssef AO. Medial approach open reduction with ligamentum teres partial excision and plication for the management of congenital hip dislocation. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2018;27:244–249.

Dodds MK, Lee J, McCormack D. Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:36–42.

Narayanan U, Mulpuri K, Sankar WN, et al. Reliability of a new radiographic classification for developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:478–484.

Mckay DW. A comparison of the innominate and the pericapsular osteotomy in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;98:124–132.

Baghdadi S, Sankar WN. Residual acetabular dysplasia in the reduced hip. Indian J Orthop. Springer; 2020;55:1480–1489.

SEVERIN E. Congenital dislocation of the hip; development of the joint after closed reduction. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1950;32-A:507–518.

Kalamchi A, MacEwen GD. Avascular necrosis following treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:876–888.

Watson-Jones R. Fractures of the neck of the femur. J Br Surg. 1936;23:787–808.

O’Donnell JM, Pritchard M, Salas AP, et al. The ligamentum teres–its increasing importance. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1:3–11.

Vitale MG, Skaggs DL. Developmental dysplasia of the hip from six months to four years of age. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2001;9:401–411.

Sankar WN, Young CR, Lin AG, et al. Risk factors for failure after open reduction for DDH. J Pediatr Orthop. 2011;31:232–239.

Thomas SR, Wedge JH, Salter RB. Outcome at forty-five years after open reduction and innominate osteotomy for late-presenting developmental dislocation of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg. 2007;89:2341–2350.

Umer M, Nawaz H, Kasi PM, et al. Outcome of triple procedure in older children with developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). J Pak Med Assoc. 2007;57:591–595.

Galpin RD, Roach JW, Wenger DR, et al. One-stage treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip in older children, including femoral shortening. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71:734–741.

Makela E, Vainionpaa S, Vihtonen K, et al. The effect of trauma to the lower femoral epiphyseal plate. An experimental study in rabbits. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70-B:187–191.

Seil R, Pape D, Kohn D. The risk of growth changes during transphyseal drilling in sheep with open physes. Arthroscopy. 2008;24:824–833.

Knapik DM, Zirkle LG, Liu RW. Consequences following distal femoral growth plate violation in an ovine model with an intramedullary implant: a pilot study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2018;38:e640–e645.

Darwich A, Geiselhardt C, Bdeir M, et al. Anthropometry of the proximal femur and femoral head in children/adolescents using three-dimensional computed tomography-based measurements. Surg Radiol Anat. 2021;43:2009–2023.

Bertocci G, Brown NP, Thompson A, et al. Femur morphology in healthy infants and young children. Clin Anat. 2022;35:305–315.

Elzohairy MM, Elhefnawy MM, Khairy HM. Revision of failed open reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clin Orthop Surg. 2020;12:542.

Alassaf N. Predictors of femoral shortening for pediatric developmental hip dysplasia surgery: an observational study in 435 patients. Patient Saf Surg. 2018;12:29.

Türközü T. One-stage combined surgical treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the children aged over 18 months. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2023;8:328–333.

Willis MC. Medical Terminology: The Language of Health Care. Goucher J. 1st ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1996:1–631.

Oxford Latin Dictionary : OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. Accessed July 22,2025. archive.org

Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed July 22,2025. etymonline.com

A Dictionary Of Linguistics And Phonetics : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive. Accessed July 22,2025. archive.org


Sarassa C, Aristizabal S, Mejía R, García JJ, Quintero D, Herrera AM. Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics. 2025 Dec 4. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000003189  journals.lww.com


The work is cited in the following publications: LCF in 2025 (December)


Carlos Sarassa – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Simon Aristizabal – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Roiman Mejía – Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.

Juan J García – Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Daniel Quintero – Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Clínica del Campestre. Department of Children's Orthopaedics, Fundación Clínica Noel, Medellín.

Ana M Herrera – Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Clínica del Campestre. 


ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, pathology, congenital dislocation, dislocation, plastic surgery, reconstruction, open plastic surgery



NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

                                                                   

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

1605BauhinC

  Fragment from the book Bauhin C. Theatrum anatomicum (1605). The author writes about the attachment, function, possible elongation and damage of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Lameness after dislocation is mentioned and its cause is explained. In the margins of the page are references to the works of other authors Vesalius , Laurens , Arch ang ( Archangelo Piccolomini ??? ) . Quote p. 1244. Liber IV. DE LIGAMENTIS OSSIS ILII & sacri et que in toto pede habentur. CAP. XXXIX. Femur, coxendicis articulo duplici ligamento nectitur; altero communi membrane, articulum orbiculatim ambit, quod Græci [ischos], totius articuli nomine vocarunt; quod cætera, articulos ambientia crassitie, duritie, & robore su perat, cum articulus hic corpus totum sustinere & motus validos perferre debuerit. Hoc articulo & femoris ceruici accumbit & solum radici magni processus orbiculatim adnascitur, quo motus capitis ipsius femoris non impediantur. Alterum ipsius ligamentum teres...

LCF in 2026 (July)

    LCF in 2026 (July )  (Quotes from articles and books published in July   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)     Çetik, R. M., Bakırcıoğlu, S., Büyükdoğan, K., Çağlar, Ö., Atay, Ö. A., & Atilla, B. (2026). Cam-type femoro-acetabular impingement: Mid-term functional results and joint awareness of arthroscopic, mini-open and surgical dislocation techniques. Acta Medica , 57 (2), 123-131.   [i]    actamedica.org   Khan, M. Y., Khan, R., Shaikh, H., Persaud, N. A., Rama, S., & Khan, Y. (2026). Evolution of Hip Arthroscopy in Modern Orthopedic Practice. Cureus , 18 (6).   [ii]   cureus.com   Sanders, W. J., Ji, X. P., & Jablonski, N. G. (2026). New remains of Stegodon zhaotongensis (Proboscidea, Stegodontidae) from the Late Miocene site of Shuitangba, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Mammalian Evolution , 33 (3), 33.   [iii]   link.springer.com   Randelli, F. (2026...

Great Compilation. Chapter 41

  English version of the article:  Архипов СВ. Книга Берешит как великая компиляция текстов и смыслов Второго переходного периода Египта: пилотная культурологическая, медицинская, археологическая и текстологическая экспертиза преданий против традиционной атрибуции. Введение.  О круглой связке бедра . 14.02.2026 .  The text in Russian is available at the following link:  2026АрхиповСВ .    The Book of Genesis as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution.  Chapter 41   By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD   CONTENT [i]   Abstract [ii]   Book of Genesis. Chapter 41 Analysis [iii]   Notes to Chapter 41 [iv]   AI Agent's Conclusion [v]   Content [vi]   External links [vii]   Application [i]   Abstract The Book of Genesis (Bereshith) was compo...

911-612bcK2453

  Fragment of the text of clay tablet K 2453 (Nineveh; ca. 911-612 BC; maybe 5000-4000 BC). A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). See our commentary at the link: 911-612bcK2453 [Rus]. Quote [Akk] Clay tablet К 2453 (original source: photo  by Ashurbanipal Library Project   cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de , text: 1906 ThompsonRC , plate. 12). Translation [Eng] Clay tablet К 2453 (reverse ) 42. (if a man’s leg is affected) SA ÚR UDU.NITÁ ša GÙB teleqqe you take the sinew from the left thigh of a sheep ( original source: 1992RothMT , p. 312). ( original source:  Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative   cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de )  External links Clay tablet; CT 23, pl. 05-14, K 02453 + (P365736). Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik), Neo-Assyrian period (ca. 911-612 BC). [ cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de , ebl.lmu.de ] Thompson RC. Cuneiform Texts. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum.  P...

1990HarveyB

  Harvey B, sculpture, Jacob wrestling with the angel (ca. 1990).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Bessie Harvey – tree root sculpture Jacob Wres tling with the Angel (ca. 1990); original in the high.org collection (Fair...

Human LCF intersection

HUMAN LCF INTERSECTION In the south of China, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the archaeological Neolithic site of Dingsishan was investigated. Burials of 355 people were found in this place. The authors of the article (2024YeZ_LiFJ) identified 91 skeletons with traces of manipulations with the remains. They are attributed to burials of the Dingsishan III-IV phase, aged 8.0-4.5 thousand years. 13 notches were found on the proximal part of various femurs. « Cutmarks on the femoral head, neck and intertrochanteric line, as well as along the medial linea aspera of the femoral shaft, suggest that soft tissue around the hip, including the iliofemoral ligament and the iliacus and adductor muscles, was severed to disarticulate the joint.» This and other postmortem bone injuries «... suggests that corpse treatment at Dingsishan included disarticulation » (2024YeZ_LiFJ).  Figure 4 of the cited article shows the distribution and direction of cutmarks on human skeletons from Dingx...

Vertebrates

VERTEBRATES According to the molecular clock, a specific method for dating phylogenetic events, vertebrates (Vertebrata) separated from arthropods (Arthropoda) 976±97 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). The latter began to dominate in species diversity with the Cambrian burst of radiation, which occurred 520 Ma (2010EdgecombeGD). This ratio in the fauna of the Earth is still preserved. Approximately 525 Ma, the phylum Chordates separated from the group of bilaterally symmetrical animals (1995ChenJY_ZhouGQ). In turn, the evolution of chordate organisms led to the formation of the first vertebrates at least 500 Ma, from which the jawed mouths 450-400 Ma descended, becoming the ancestors of the placoderms or "armored" fish (Placodermi) (1979 НаумовНП _ КарташевНН ). Sculptural reconstruction of the placoderm Coccosteus from the order Arthrodires, Middle Devonian, 393.3-382.7  Ma ; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. The first cartilaginou...

80-58bcApollonius Citiensis

  Fragment from the treatise Apollonius Citiensis Commentary on the Hippocrates’ book On Joints ( Περὶ αρθρων π ραγματεὶα , 80-58 BC). The author notes the possibility of damage to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) during hip dislocation. See our commentary at the link: 80-58bcApollonius Citiensis [Rus], and  2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote. [Grc] Περὶ αρθρων π ραγματεὶα . Βιβλιον γ ʹ . (original source:  1965KolleschJ_KudlienF, pp. 86, 88) Translation [Eng] Commentary On Joints ( Commentary on the Hippocrates’ book On Joints). Book 3. If the dislocated and displaced hip could not remain in place, then the physician [Hippocrates] would have clearly indicated the incurability of this case, so that we would not be led astray. Don't those who hold the opposite opinion know about the nature of joints, ligaments and the teachings about these things in general? After all, the physician considered the cause of the mild or, on the contrary, complex displacement and ...

THE OLDEST LCF

  The very first four-legged animal, the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae, lived about 375 million years ago. Based on indirect evidence (paired notches of the acetabulum), we believe that in the hip joint it had two ligaments of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). A similar anatomy of the hip joint is preserved in the salamander. Illustration Tiktaalik roseae is the first animal to have a LCF A) 3D model of the right pelvic bone of the fish Tiktaalik roseae (fragment of a screenshot:  media.hhmi.org ), where we depicted the dissected anterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.ant.) and posterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.post.), that are attached to the corresponding notches of the acetabulum ( inc.ac.ant. & inc.ac.post.).  Below the pelvis is a photograph of our model of the Tiktaalik roseae femur with fragments of two LCFs (a fossil femur of Tiktaalik roseae has not yet been discovered). B) View of a salamander femur with a proximal fragment of the ilia...

Postulates of LCF mechanics:

     Postulates of LCF mechanics Strong, flexible, and non-stretchable with specific attachment points. Limits adduction, rotation, and cranial displacement of the femur. Shunts load on the femoral head and the abductor muscle group of the hip joint. Ensures rhythmicity, symmetry, and energy efficiency of walking. Performs the function to suspend the pelvis during single-leg support.   See more details:  LCF Mechanics BLOG CONTENT THE DOCTRINE OF LCF BIOMECHANICS AND MORPHOMECHANICS