Fragment from the book Josephus F. Antiquities of the Jews ( Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία ). The book was written in 93-94. The author mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. To denote the LCF, Josephus Flavius used the Greek term « νεῦρον ». See our commentary at the link: 93-94JosephusF [Rus]. Quote [ Lat] De antiquitate iudaica. Liber primus (original source: 1150JosephusF, p. 22) [ Grc/Lat] Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία . BIB Λ ION A. κεφ . ιθ ʹ Antiquitates Iudaicae. Liber primus. Cap. XIX (original source: 1611JosephusF, p. 33) [ Grc] Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία . BIB Λ ION A. (XX. 2) (original source: 1961JosephusF, p. 158, 160) Translation [Eng] Antiquities of the Jews. Book 1. 20.2 When Jacob had made these appointments all the day, and night came on, he moved on with his company; and, as they were gone over a certain river called Jabboc, Jacob was left behind; and meeting with an angel he wrestled with him, the angel beginning the stru...

  Fragment from the book Eliezer ben Hyrcanus Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer ( Chapters of Rabbi Eliezer ). The author indicates the location of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and describes its injury. See our commentary at the link: 80-110Eliezer ben Hyrcanus [Rus]. Quote [Heb] Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer. Chapter 37.4 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote [Eng] Chapters of Rabbi Eliezer . Chapter 37.4 Again the angel said to him: "Let me go" (Gen. 32:26). Jacob answered him: I will not let thee go until thou hast blessed me; and he blessed him, as it is said, "And he blessed him there" (Gen. 32:29). Again he said to him: "Let me go" (Gen. 32:26). He answered him: I will not let thee go until thou tellest me what thy name is. And (the angel) called his name Israel like his own name, for his own name was called Israel. Jacob wished to prevail over the angel, and to throw him down upon the earth. What did the angel do? He took hold of the sinew of the...

  Saying of Akiva ben Joseph extracted from the book  Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael  (ca. 200). Tractate was written in Israel, and interprets about a quarter of the chapters in Exodus. The rabbi mentions the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of the animal. See our commentary at the link: 50-135Akiva ben Joseph [Rus]. Quote [Heb] Tractate Kaspa. 5:19 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote [Eng] Tractate Kaspa. 5:19 R. Akiva says: It need not be written (that eating meat and milk is forbidden), for it follows a fortiori, viz.: If the thigh sinew (gid hanasheh), which is not forbidden to be cooked, is forbidden to be eaten, then meat and milk, which is forbidden to be cooked, how much more so should it be forbidden to be eaten! (Transl. by Rabbi_Shraga_Silverstein; original source:  sefaria.org ) External links Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael .  ca. 200 . [ sefaria.org  ,  jewishencyclopedia.com ] Authors & Affiliations Akiva ben Joseph (Rabbi...

Fragments from the book Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael (ca. 200). Tractate was written in Israel. It interprets about a quarter of the chapters in Exodus. The passage we have chosen mentions the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of the animal. See our commentary at the link: 200 Mekilta de-Rabbi Yishmael [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Tractate Kaspa. 5:19 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Tractate Kaspa. 5:20 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Tractate Kaspa. 5:19 R. Akiva says: It need not be written (that eating meat and milk is forbidden), for it follows a fortiori, viz.: If the thigh sinew (gid hanasheh), which is not forbidden to be cooked, is forbidden to be eaten, then meat and milk, which is forbidden to be cooked, how much more so should it be forbidden to be eaten! (Transl. by Rabbi_Shraga_Silverstein; original source: sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Eng] Tractate Kaspa. 5:20 No, this may by true of the thigh sinew, which was forbidden before the gi...

  Fragments from the Targum Jonathan on Genesis. Tractate was written between about 150 - 250 in lend of Israel. The text is a combination of a translation and commentary on the book of Bereshit. The unknown compiler mentions ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in an animal and an episode of its damage in a human. See our commentary at the link: 150-250Targum Jonathan [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Genesis. 32:33 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Genesis. 43:16 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Genesis. 32:33 Therefore, the sons of Israel eat not the sinew which shrank, which is in the hollow of the thigh of cattle and of wild animals, until this day; because the Angel touched and laid hold of the hollow of the right thigh of Jakob, in the place of the sinew which shrank. (Transl. by J.W. Etheridge (186 2 ) ; original source: targum.info ) Quote 2. [Eng] Genesis. 43:16 And Joseph saw Benjamin with them: and he said to Menasheh whom he had mad...

  Tractate Mishnah Chullin was written between about 190 - 230 in Israel and discuss laws related to consumption of meat. The selected quotes talk about the presence of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in different animals, its location and distal attachment site. See our commentary at the link: 190-230Mishnah Chullin [Rus]. Quote 1. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 2. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:2 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 3. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:3 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 4. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:4 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 5. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:5 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Quote 6. [Heb] Mishnah Chullin 7:6 (original source:  sefaria.org ) Translation Quote 1. [Eng] Mishnah Chullin 7:1 The prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve applies both in Eretz Yisrael and outside of Eretz Yisrael, in the presence of, i.e., the time of, the Temple and not in the presence of th...

  Fragment from the treatise Pseudo-Galen Introduction, or the Physician ( Εἰσαγωγὴ ἢ Ἰτρός ; Introductio, seu Medicus; ca. 150-200 [our opinion]). The author notes the connecting function of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and also specifies the proximal and distal attachment sites. See our commentary at the link: 150-200Pseudo-Galen [Rus]. Quote [Grc] Εἰσαγωγὴ ἢ Ἰτρός . K εφ . ιβ . [ Περί όστεολογἰας .] μηρου δέ έν μεν οστούν . συμβάλλει δε επικεκαμμένη μετρίως τη κεφαλή αυτού εις βαθείαν κοτύλην του ισχίου και νεύρῳ απήρτηται εκφυομένω εκ μέσης της κοτύλης και εμφυομένω εις μέσην την κεφαλήν του μηρού . (original source: 1827KühnCG, pp. 723-724) [Lat Introductio, seu Medicus. Cap. XII. [De osteologia] Femoris os unum est, cujus caput leniter reflexum in coxae profundum sinum conjicitur. Quam commissuram nervus, qui e medio sinu prodit et in medium femoris caput inseritur, continet. (original source: 1827KühnCG, pp. 723-724) Translation [Eng] Introduction, or the Phy...

    A Latin translation of Theophilus Protospatharios's treatise On the Construction of the Human Being [Θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος. Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς] (ca. 976-1115?). The author writes about the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its connective function. For our commentary, see the link: 1842GreenhillGA [Rus]. See also 1581CrassoPI , 1724FabriciusJA , 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote. [Grc] Περὶ   τῆς   τοῦ   ανθρώπου   κατασκευῆς .  Βιβλιον   Ε . 13. (original source: 1842GreenhillGA, p. 204) [Lat] De corporis humani fabrica. Liber quintus. Cap. XIII. Dei erga homines amor [et sapientia] ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum, adstringensque ne facile elabatur; inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes et solae, (qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur,) sed latae, valenterque heminae oras ad comrai...