Short retelling of chapter 3 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 3. THE DAWN OF SURGERY The animal kingdom exhibits numerous forms of social support, many of which lay the groundwork for rudimentary medical practices. Insects like bees, fish such as cichlids, amphibians like bullfrogs, reptiles like crocodiles, and most birds and mammals demonstrate care for their offspring. Lions and wolves feed injured kin, while buffalo and flocking birds collectively defend against predators. Marine mammals assist struggling companions to the surface for air, and elephants help free trapped herd members from mud or aid them in standing. These behaviors hint at the origins of altruism, a trait that extends to early medical instincts. Animals also engage in self-medication and basic healing. Birds employ various techniques to combat ectoparasites, while moths, ant...
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