Skip to main content

Catalog. Arthroscopic reconstruction

 

Introduction 

Currently, ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reconstruction using arthroscopic technologies is considered promising. According to the literature available to us, the first such operation was performed by Marc J. Philippon, which he first reported on in May 2006 (2006PhilipponMJ). Until now, reconstruction of LCF using minimally invasive technologies has not yet become widespread. The long-term results of arthroscopic LCF repair are still uncertain due to insufficient number of surgical procedures performed and short follow-up period (2014O'DonnellJM_SinghPJ).

Catalog

Arthroscopic LCF reconstruction and discussion of technique

Abibe RB, Rahal SC, dos Reis Mesquita L, Doiche D, da Silva, JP, Mamprim, MJ, Pinho RH, Battazza A, Alves CEF, Saunders WB. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14777. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14777 [peerj.compeerj.com(PDF)]

Al'Khafaji, I., Olszewski, Y., Clarnette, G., Settle, E., Ernstbrunner, L., O'Donnell, J., & Ackland, D. (2024). The contribution of the ligamentum teres to the hip fluid seal: A biomechanics study. Clinical Biomechanics, 106186. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sciencedirect.com]

Amenabar T, O’Donnell J. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon: Surgical technique and an unusual outcome. Arthrosc Tech. 2012;1(2)e169-74. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.07.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Ankem HK, Diulus SC, Meghpara MB, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Maldonado DR, ... Domb BG. Arthroscopic triple reconstruction in the hip joint: restoration of soft-tissue stabilizers in revision surgery for gross instability. Arthroscopy Techniques. 202110(5)e1239-48. [sciencedirect.com]

Arkhipov SV. Underwater Rock of the Ligamentum Teres Reconstructions. Ligamentum Teres – Ligamentum Incognitum. 2019, December 23:1-3. doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22632.42249 [researchgate.net]

Bajwa AS, Cantab MP, VillarRN. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Hip Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction – Reality or Mythology? 2018;34(1)152-4. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.11.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Bajwa A. What the papers say. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;8(4)384-6. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bourgeault-Gagnon Y, Cohen D, Ayeni OR. Editorial Commentary: Borderline Hip Dysplasia Combined With Increased Anteversion and Ligamentum Teres Disruption Is a Recipe for Hip Microinstability. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2024;11. [arthroscopyjournal.org sciencedirect.com]

Brady AW, Chahla J, Locks R, Mikula JD, SletteEL, LaPrade RF, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A guide to safe tunnel placement. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(1)144-51. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.08.308 [sciencedirect.com]

Briggs KK, Pennock A, Philippon MJ. Paper 36: Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(1)e20-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.049 [arthroscopyjournal.org]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG. Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American journal of sports medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. doi.org/10.1177/0363546517710008 [journals.sagepub.com]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG.). Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. [journals.sagepub.com]

Chandrasekaran S, Martin TJ, Close MR, Suarez-Ahedo C, Lodhia P, Domb BG. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A case series in four patients with connective tissue disorders and generalized ligamentous laxity. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2016;3:358-367. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnw016 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

de Sa D, Phillips M, Philippon MJ, Letkemann S, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Ligamentum teres injuries of the hip: a systematic review examining surgical indications, treatment options, and outcomes. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(12):1634-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.06.007 [sciencedirect.com]

Dimitrakopoulou A, Villar RN. Surgical Treatment of Specific Hip Conditions: Ligamentum Teres Injuries. In Hip Joint Restoration. New York: Springer, 2017:521-6. [link.springer.com]

Garabekyan T, Chadayammuri V, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. All-arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction with graft fixation at the femoral head-neck junction. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(1)e143-7. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2015.10.020 [sciencedirect.com]

Hammarstedt JE, Redmond JM, Gupta A, DombBG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction of the hip in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case study. HIP Int.  2015;25(3)286-91. doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000228 [journals.sagepub.com]

Hartigan DE, Hegedus CE. Editorial Commentary: Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction May Improve Hip Stability But Has High Revision Rates: Fad or Restoration of Function? Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1820-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.02.037 [sciencedirect.com]

Ismailoglu AV, Ismailoglu P, Zeynalov SI, Ozdogmus O, Yildizhan SE, Bayramoglu A, Kayaalp A. A guide to facilitate the creation of a femoral tunnel for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: a three-dimensional computed tomography study. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023hnad027. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnad027 [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Knapik DM, Farivar D, Kunze KN, Gilat R, Nho SJ, Chahla J. Indications and outcomes after ligamentum teres reconstruction: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2021;3(3)e939-49. [arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org ,  sciencedirect.com

Kraeutler MJ, Garabekyan T, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. Ligamentum teres tendinopathy and tears. MLTJ. 2016;6(3)337-42. doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2016.6.3.337 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lall AC, Ankem HK, Ryan MK, Beason DP, Diulus SC, Roach RP, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Emblton BA, Domb BG. In-line Pullout Strength of 2 Acetabular Fixation Methods for Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction of the Hip: A Cadaveric Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;9(12)23259671211052533. doi.org/10.1177/23259671211052533  [journals.sagepub.com]

Lindner D, Sharp KG, Trenga AP, Stone J, Stake CE, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2013;2(1)e21-5. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.10.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Lindner, D., Gilat, R., & Domb, B. G.). Ligamentum Teres Injuries and Treatment. Hip Preservation Surgery: Open, Arthroscopic, and Endoscopic Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2020;181-90. [link.springer.com]

Locks R, Bolia I, Utsunomiya H, Briggs K, Philippon MJ. Current concepts in revision hip arthroscopy. HIP International. 2018;28(4)343-51. doi.org/10.1177/1120700018771927 [journals.sagepub.com]

Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Lall AC, Go CC, Walker-Santiago R, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Domb BG. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction Using Anterior Tibialis Allograft and the Tension-Slide Technique. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(10)e1075-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.05.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Mazek J, Gnatowski M, Salas AP, Domżalski M, Wójcicki R, Skowronek J, Skowronek P. Ligamentum teres reconstruction with labrum and capsule repair after posterior acetabular wall fracture: a case report. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2021;8(Supplement_1)i41-i45.  [europepmc.org]

Mazek J, Helmy N, Salas AP, Skowronek P, Madej A, O´Donnell JM, Dimitriou D. Quantitative cotyloid fossa thickness and proximity to obturator neurovascular bundle: implications for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;10(3-4)192-6. [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Mei-Dan O, McConkey MO. A novel technique for ligamentum teres reconstruction with “all-suture” anchors in the medial acetabular wall. Arthrosc Tech. 2014;3(2)e217-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2013.10.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Menge TJ, Mitchell JJ, Briggs KK, Philippon MJ. Anatomic arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction for hip instability. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(4)e737-e742. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2016.02.036 [sciencedirect.com]

Neumann JA, Greene RS, Banffy MB. A Technique for Arthroscopic-Assisted Ligamentum Teres Augmentation Using a Suture Tape Augmentation. Arthrosc Tech. 2018;7(1)e65–e69. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.048 [sciencedirect.com]

O’Donnell J, Klaber I, Takla A. Ligamentum teres reconstruction: indications, technique and minimum 1-year results in nine patients. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2020;7(1)140–6. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz070 [academic.oup.com]

O’Donnell JM, Pritchard M, Porthos Salas A, Singh PJ. The ligamentum teres—its increasing importance. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1(1)3-11. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnu003 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

Pennock AT, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Technique and Early Outcomes. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA) Annual Scientific Meeting.  Cancun, Mexico, Oct 8-9, 2010, P. 62. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Briggs KK. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy, Cancun, Mexico, October 2010, P. 65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Gaskill TR. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: technique and early outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94B(11)1494-8.  doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B11.28576  [online.boneandjoint.org.uk]

Philippon MJ. Advanced Restorative Concepts: Chondral Grafts, Labrum/ Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, AANA Specialty Days, 2010 AAOS Annual Meeting. New Orleans, La., March 2010, P. 63. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Capsular Plication and Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, Sports Hip Surgery, Warwick, England, June 2010, P.64. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres repair and reconstruction. Santander Arthroscopy and Sports Hip Meeting. Santander, Spain. February 2009.   [slideshare.net]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Ligamentum Teres. Warwick Sports Hip Conference. Warwick, England. October 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum teres reconstruction. Advances in hip Arthroscopy Meeting. Paris, France. 22-23rd May 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org(PDF)]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Vail Hip Arthroscopy Symposium, Vail, CO, March, 2012. [sprivail.org]

Rosinsky PJ, Annin S, Maldonado DR, Kyin C, Meghpara MB, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Minimum 2-year patient reported outcomes with sub-analysis of patients with EhlerseDanlos syndrome. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(8)2170-82.  [sciencedirect.com]

Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. All About the Ligamentum Teres: From Biomechanical Role to Surgical Reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(8)e328-e339. doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00352 [journals.lww.com]

Shapira J, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Meghpara MB, Ankem HK, Lall AC, Domb BG. Ligamentum teres reconstruction may lead to improvement in outcomes following a secondary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic microinstability: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1811-9. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Simpson JM, Field RE, Villar RN. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(3)436-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.09.016 [sciencedirect.com

Spencer AD, Hagen MS. Predicting Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2024;1-9. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Steadman - Hawkins Research Foundation. Annual Report 2006. Vail, Colorado, 2006, P. 60-61. [sprivail.org]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2010 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2010, P. 62-65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2012 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2012, P. 35, 57, 64, 66. [sprivail.org]

White BJ, Ericson JrWB. Hip pain: Surgical treatment of an unstable hip: Labral and ligamentum teres reconstruction and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). In: Francomano CA et al (Eds). Symptomatic. Elsevier, 2024;547-53. [sciencedirect.com]

White BJ, Scoles AM, Herzog MM. Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2018;5(2)166-73. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hny001 [academic.oup.com]

.                                                                     .

keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, reconstruction, arthroscopy …

CATALOGS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

1803LarreyDJ

  Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] English translation [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragment from the book: Larrey DJ. Relation historique et chirurgique de l'expedition de l'armée d'Orient, en Egypte et Syrie (Historical account and surgery of the expedition of the Army of the Orient, in Egypt and Syria, 1803). The author describes exarticulation in the hip joint and the technique of cutting the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which he calls the "interarticular ligament". The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1803LarreyDJ . [ii] Original text (France ) Quote pp. 325-328   Les praticiens qui ont proposé l'extirpation de la cuisse ne sont point d'accord sur la manière de la faire; cependant presque tous, craignant l'hémorragie de l'artère crurale, commencent par la ligature de ce vaisseau, forment ensuite un lambeau aux dépens des muscles ...

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May )  (Quotes from articles and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34.     [i]     e-aosm.org   Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.      [ii] link.springer.com   Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788.      [iii]     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

Memorial Day

July 7 My Father's Day Vasily Dmitrievich Arkhipov (1936-2004) Tireless Worker of the Kindest Soul The engineering mindset inherited from him helped develop  a Theory of ligamentum capitis femoris biomechanics , create mechanical models of the hip joint , and design walking machines with ligaments analogues . Jubilee Promo: Our Books at €1   Архипов С.В. Связка головки бедренной кости. Функция и роль в патогенезе коксартроза. Йоэнсуу: Издание Автора, 2023. [Arkhipov SV. The ligament of the head of femur. Function and role in the pathogenesis of coxarthrosis. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2023. (In Russian)] Google Play Архипов С.В. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день: Рассуждение о XXXII главе книги Бытие. Йоэнсуу: Издание Автора, 2024. [Arkhipov S.V. The Ninth Month, Eleventh Day: A Reflection on Chapter XXXII of the Book of Genesis. Joensuu: Author’s Edition, 2024. (In Russian)] GooglePlay Архипов С.В. Дети человеческие: истоки библейских преданий в обозрении врача. Эссе, снабже...

Vertebrates

VERTEBRATES According to the molecular clock, a specific method for dating phylogenetic events, vertebrates (Vertebrata) separated from arthropods (Arthropoda) 976±97 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). The latter began to dominate in species diversity with the Cambrian burst of radiation, which occurred 520 Ma (2010EdgecombeGD). This ratio in the fauna of the Earth is still preserved. Approximately 525 Ma, the phylum Chordates separated from the group of bilaterally symmetrical animals (1995ChenJY_ZhouGQ). In turn, the evolution of chordate organisms led to the formation of the first vertebrates at least 500 Ma, from which the jawed mouths 450-400 Ma descended, becoming the ancestors of the placoderms or "armored" fish (Placodermi) (1979 НаумовНП _ КарташевНН ). Sculptural reconstruction of the placoderm Coccosteus from the order Arthrodires, Middle Devonian, 393.3-382.7  Ma ; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. The first cartilaginou...

Human LCF intersection

HUMAN LCF INTERSECTION In the south of China, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the archaeological Neolithic site of Dingsishan was investigated. Burials of 355 people were found in this place. The authors of the article (2024YeZ_LiFJ) identified 91 skeletons with traces of manipulations with the remains. They are attributed to burials of the Dingsishan III-IV phase, aged 8.0-4.5 thousand years. 13 notches were found on the proximal part of various femurs. « Cutmarks on the femoral head, neck and intertrochanteric line, as well as along the medial linea aspera of the femoral shaft, suggest that soft tissue around the hip, including the iliofemoral ligament and the iliacus and adductor muscles, was severed to disarticulate the joint.» This and other postmortem bone injuries «... suggests that corpse treatment at Dingsishan included disarticulation » (2024YeZ_LiFJ).  Figure 4 of the cited article shows the distribution and direction of cutmarks on human skeletons from Dingx...

Hip disarticulation of the human

  Hip disarticulation of the human Hip disarticulation of the human. Postmortem surgery with transection of the LCF in humans 15-12.5 thousand years ago. Presumably, the first postmortem arthrotomy of the hip joint with disarticulation was performed in Morocco 15.000-12.500 years ago. This is confirmed by multiple cuts on the femoral neck of a man from the burial of Taf V-18 ( Taforalt Iberomaurusian necropolis ). «T he cuts on the femoral neck were produced by severing the ligaments of the articular capsula in order to disarticulate the bone from the pelvis. There are no pelvic bones in the grave.» ( 2016MariottiV_CondemiS:Fig.2 ). We counted more than a dozen longitudinal, fairly deep cuts in the middle part of the femoral neck. Their length varies from about two to ten millimeters and occupies a surface of 1 cm along the length of the femoral neck and 2 cm in width. The mentioned cuts on the cortical plate and the absence of pelvic bones in the burial are evidence of the disarti...

BLOG CONTENT

  T he ligament of the head of femur or ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is the key to a graceful gait and understanding the causes of hip joint diseases. We present promising scientific knowledge necessary for preserving health,  to create new implants and techniques  of treating degenerative  pathology and damage of the hip joint. Project objective : preserving a normal gait and quality of life, helping to study of hip joint biomechanics, developing effective treatments for its diseases and injuries. In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5)  and the Google Translate service .  We're sorry for any flaws in the syntax. The meaning makes up for the imperfections!     TABLES OF CONTENTS    Acetabular Canal   (Anatomy, topography and significance of the functioning area of ​​the ligamentum capitis femoris) Acetabular Canal.  Part 1.   This article describes the space where the ligam...

Inferior Portal. Part 1.

  Original in Russian is available at the link:  Нижний портал. Часть 1.  below is a machine translation edited by a non-native speaker  ( version dated 03/02/2025 ) .     INFERIOR PORTAL FOR HIP ARTHROSCOPY: A PILOT STUDY PART 1. Background and Hypothesis Arkhipov S.V., Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland Abstract: The article presents, theoretically and graphically substantiates the technique of a new arthroscopic approach to the central compartment of the hip joint. It is proposed to introduce the optical system of the arthroscope from below through the acetabular notch without traction. Similar approaches were used for puncture, arthroscopy, arthrography, and arthrotomy of the hip joint. Diagnostics using the described lower portal will exclude complications caused by distraction of the leg and compression of the perineal support during surgery.   CONTENTS PART 1. Background and Hypothesis [1] . Introduction [2] . Passage through t...

17c.Archangel_Cathedral

   Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, fresco – «Jacob’s Wrestling with God» (1652 – 1666).   Depicting the  circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day  ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Unknown author – Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, fr...

17th Century

  17th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period        1600-1609 1600LaurensA  The author writes about the anatomy, attachment, properties, shape and size LCF. 1603IngrassiaeIP  The author writes about the topography of LCF, its geometric and mechanical properties.  1605BauhinC  The author writes about the attachment, function, possible elongation and damage of the LCF.  1610-1619 1610RiolanJ   The author discusses the localization, function, attachment and mentions rare synonyms of LCF.  1611BartholinC  The author describes the anatomy, topography, geometric and mechanical properties of the LCF.  1611GuidiG  The author briefly writes about the anatomy,  function,  and attachment of the LCF.  1614PlatterF   The author notes the role of the LCF in fixing the femur in the acetabulum and the possibility of its lengthening. 1615BauhinC  The author describes the consist...