Skip to main content

Catalog. Arthroscopic reconstruction

 

Introduction 

Currently, ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reconstruction using arthroscopic technologies is considered promising. According to the literature available to us, the first such operation was performed by Marc J. Philippon, which he first reported on in May 2006 (2006PhilipponMJ). Until now, reconstruction of LCF using minimally invasive technologies has not yet become widespread. The long-term results of arthroscopic LCF repair are still uncertain due to insufficient number of surgical procedures performed and short follow-up period (2014O'DonnellJM_SinghPJ).

Catalog

Arthroscopic LCF reconstruction and discussion of technique

Abibe RB, Rahal SC, dos Reis Mesquita L, Doiche D, da Silva, JP, Mamprim, MJ, Pinho RH, Battazza A, Alves CEF, Saunders WB. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14777. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14777 [peerj.com , peerj.com(PDF)]

Al'Khafaji, I., Olszewski, Y., Clarnette, G., Settle, E., Ernstbrunner, L., O'Donnell, J., & Ackland, D. (2024). The contribution of the ligamentum teres to the hip fluid seal: A biomechanics study. Clinical Biomechanics, 106186. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov , sciencedirect.com]

Amenabar T, O’Donnell J. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon: Surgical technique and an unusual outcome. Arthrosc Tech. 2012;1(2)e169-74. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.07.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Ankem HK, Diulus SC, Meghpara MB, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Maldonado DR, ... Domb BG. Arthroscopic triple reconstruction in the hip joint: restoration of soft-tissue stabilizers in revision surgery for gross instability. Arthroscopy Techniques. 202110(5)e1239-48. [sciencedirect.com]

Arkhipov SV. Underwater Rock of the Ligamentum Teres Reconstructions. Ligamentum Teres – Ligamentum Incognitum. 2019, December 23:1-3. doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22632.42249 [researchgate.net]

Bajwa AS, Cantab MP, VillarRN. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Hip Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction – Reality or Mythology? 2018;34(1)152-4. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.11.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Bajwa A. What the papers say. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;8(4)384-6. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bourgeault-Gagnon Y, Cohen D, Ayeni OR. Editorial Commentary: Borderline Hip Dysplasia Combined With Increased Anteversion and Ligamentum Teres Disruption Is a Recipe for Hip Microinstability. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2024;11. [arthroscopyjournal.org , sciencedirect.com]

Brady AW, Chahla J, Locks R, Mikula JD, SletteEL, LaPrade RF, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A guide to safe tunnel placement. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(1)144-51. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.08.308 [sciencedirect.com]

Briggs KK, Pennock A, Philippon MJ. Paper 36: Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(1)e20-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.049 [arthroscopyjournal.org]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG. Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American journal of sports medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. doi.org/10.1177/0363546517710008 [journals.sagepub.com]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG.). Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. [journals.sagepub.com]

Chandrasekaran S, Martin TJ, Close MR, Suarez-Ahedo C, Lodhia P, Domb BG. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A case series in four patients with connective tissue disorders and generalized ligamentous laxity. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2016;3:358-367. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnw016 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

de Sa D, Phillips M, Philippon MJ, Letkemann S, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Ligamentum teres injuries of the hip: a systematic review examining surgical indications, treatment options, and outcomes. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(12):1634-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.06.007 [sciencedirect.com]

Dimitrakopoulou A, Villar RN. Surgical Treatment of Specific Hip Conditions: Ligamentum Teres Injuries. In Hip Joint Restoration. New York: Springer, 2017:521-6. [link.springer.com]

Garabekyan T, Chadayammuri V, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. All-arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction with graft fixation at the femoral head-neck junction. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(1)e143-7. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2015.10.020 [sciencedirect.com]

Hammarstedt JE, Redmond JM, Gupta A, DombBG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction of the hip in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case study. HIP Int.  2015;25(3)286-91. doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000228 [journals.sagepub.com]

Hartigan DE, Hegedus CE. Editorial Commentary: Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction May Improve Hip Stability But Has High Revision Rates: Fad or Restoration of Function? Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1820-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.02.037 [sciencedirect.com]

Ismailoglu AV, Ismailoglu P, Zeynalov SI, Ozdogmus O, Yildizhan SE, Bayramoglu A, Kayaalp A. A guide to facilitate the creation of a femoral tunnel for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: a three-dimensional computed tomography study. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023hnad027. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnad027 [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Knapik DM, Farivar D, Kunze KN, Gilat R, Nho SJ, Chahla J. Indications and outcomes after ligamentum teres reconstruction: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2021;3(3)e939-49. [arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org ,  sciencedirect.com] 

Kraeutler MJ, Garabekyan T, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. Ligamentum teres tendinopathy and tears. MLTJ. 2016;6(3)337-42. doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2016.6.3.337 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lall AC, Ankem HK, Ryan MK, Beason DP, Diulus SC, Roach RP, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Emblton BA, Domb BG. In-line Pullout Strength of 2 Acetabular Fixation Methods for Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction of the Hip: A Cadaveric Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;9(12)23259671211052533. doi.org/10.1177/23259671211052533  [journals.sagepub.com]

Lindner D, Sharp KG, Trenga AP, Stone J, Stake CE, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2013;2(1)e21-5. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.10.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Lindner, D., Gilat, R., & Domb, B. G.). Ligamentum Teres Injuries and Treatment. Hip Preservation Surgery: Open, Arthroscopic, and Endoscopic Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2020;181-90. [link.springer.com]

Locks R, Bolia I, Utsunomiya H, Briggs K, Philippon MJ. Current concepts in revision hip arthroscopy. HIP International. 2018;28(4)343-51. doi.org/10.1177/1120700018771927 [journals.sagepub.com]

Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Lall AC, Go CC, Walker-Santiago R, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Domb BG. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction Using Anterior Tibialis Allograft and the Tension-Slide Technique. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(10)e1075-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.05.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Mazek J, Gnatowski M, Salas AP, Domżalski M, Wójcicki R, Skowronek J, Skowronek P. Ligamentum teres reconstruction with labrum and capsule repair after posterior acetabular wall fracture: a case report. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2021;8(Supplement_1)i41-i45.  [europepmc.org]

Mazek J, Helmy N, Salas AP, Skowronek P, Madej A, O´Donnell JM, Dimitriou D. Quantitative cotyloid fossa thickness and proximity to obturator neurovascular bundle: implications for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;10(3-4)192-6. [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Mei-Dan O, McConkey MO. A novel technique for ligamentum teres reconstruction with “all-suture” anchors in the medial acetabular wall. Arthrosc Tech. 2014;3(2)e217-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2013.10.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Menge TJ, Mitchell JJ, Briggs KK, Philippon MJ. Anatomic arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction for hip instability. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(4)e737-e742. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2016.02.036 [sciencedirect.com]

Neumann JA, Greene RS, Banffy MB. A Technique for Arthroscopic-Assisted Ligamentum Teres Augmentation Using a Suture Tape Augmentation. Arthrosc Tech. 2018;7(1)e65–e69. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.048 [sciencedirect.com]

O’Donnell J, Klaber I, Takla A. Ligamentum teres reconstruction: indications, technique and minimum 1-year results in nine patients. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2020;7(1)140–6. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz070 [academic.oup.com]

O’Donnell JM, Pritchard M, Porthos Salas A, Singh PJ. The ligamentum teres—its increasing importance. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1(1)3-11. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnu003 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

Pennock AT, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Technique and Early Outcomes. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA) Annual Scientific Meeting.  Cancun, Mexico, Oct 8-9, 2010, P. 62. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Briggs KK. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy, Cancun, Mexico, October 2010, P. 65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Gaskill TR. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: technique and early outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94B(11)1494-8.  doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B11.28576  [online.boneandjoint.org.uk]

Philippon MJ. Advanced Restorative Concepts: Chondral Grafts, Labrum/ Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, AANA Specialty Days, 2010 AAOS Annual Meeting. New Orleans, La., March 2010, P. 63. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Capsular Plication and Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, Sports Hip Surgery, Warwick, England, June 2010, P.64. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres repair and reconstruction. Santander Arthroscopy and Sports Hip Meeting. Santander, Spain. February 2009.   [slideshare.net]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Ligamentum Teres. Warwick Sports Hip Conference. Warwick, England. October 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum teres reconstruction. Advances in hip Arthroscopy Meeting. Paris, France. 22-23rd May 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org(PDF)]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Vail Hip Arthroscopy Symposium, Vail, CO, March, 2012. [sprivail.org]

Rosinsky PJ, Annin S, Maldonado DR, Kyin C, Meghpara MB, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Minimum 2-year patient reported outcomes with sub-analysis of patients with EhlerseDanlos syndrome. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(8)2170-82.  [sciencedirect.com]

Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. All About the Ligamentum Teres: From Biomechanical Role to Surgical Reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(8)e328-e339. doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00352 [journals.lww.com]

Shapira J, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Meghpara MB, Ankem HK, Lall AC, Domb BG. Ligamentum teres reconstruction may lead to improvement in outcomes following a secondary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic microinstability: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1811-9. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Simpson JM, Field RE, Villar RN. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(3)436-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.09.016 [sciencedirect.com] 

Spencer AD, Hagen MS. Predicting Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2024;1-9. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Steadman - Hawkins Research Foundation. Annual Report 2006. Vail, Colorado, 2006, P. 60-61. [sprivail.org]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2010 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2010, P. 62-65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2012 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2012, P. 35, 57, 64, 66. [sprivail.org]

White BJ, Ericson JrWB. Hip pain: Surgical treatment of an unstable hip: Labral and ligamentum teres reconstruction and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). In: Francomano CA et al (Eds). Symptomatic. Elsevier, 2024;547-53. [sciencedirect.com]

White BJ, Scoles AM, Herzog MM. Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2018;5(2)166-73. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hny001 [academic.oup.com]

.                                                                     .

keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, reconstruction, arthroscopy …

CATALOGS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

NEWS 2024-2025

  New publications of our resource   in 2024-2025 January 01, 2026 LCF in 2025 (December)   Q uotes from articles and b ooks published in December 2025 mentioning the LCF.  1946SpychalskiJ  Painting, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury.   1975BorsosM Painting, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury.  13c.Soligalich  Icon, Drawing depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury. December 31, 2025 Tweet of December 31, 2025   Online Journ al «ABOUT R OUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», December 2025 December 30, 2025 Tweet of December 30, 2025 December 29, 2025 Tweet of Decembe r 29, 2025    Arkhipov SV. Improving Postoperative Comfort    (facebook) December 28, 2025 Arkhipov SV.  Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments December 23, 2025 University_of_G uelph(...

1886LesshaftP

  According to the author, the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reduces shocks and impacts of the articular surfaces. In addition, P. Lesshaft states an anatomical fact: the LCF is located vertically under the part of the acetabulum, which mainly bears the weight of the body. The text is prepared for machine translation using a service built into the blog from Google or your web browser. In some cases, we have added links to quotations about LCF available on our resource, as well as to publications posted on the Internet.   Über die Vorriehtungen in den Gelenken zur Milderung der mit den Bewegungen verbundenen Stösse und Erschütterungen . Von P. Lesshaft, Professor der Anatomie in St. Petersburg. (Schluß.) Die Bewegungen im Kiefergelenke werden auch von einer hier liegenden Bandscheibe (Meniscus interarticularis) gemindert, aber außerdem von Syndesmosen, die als Gomphosis der Zähne und als Nahtverschmelzung (sutura) hier vorkommen und welche nichts anderes als eine (...

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May )  (Quotes from articles and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34.     [i]     e-aosm.org   Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.      [ii] link.springer.com   Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788.      [iii]     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

1877MorrisH

An excerpt from the article by Morris H. Dislocations of the Thigh: their mode of occurrence as indicated by experiments, and the Anatomy of the Hip-joint (1877, pp. 161-170). The author noted that the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is stretched during flexion, adduction, and external rotation. It was found that the LCF is always damaged in hip dislocations, is more often torn from the femur, and is rarely ruptured. Discussion of article see article 1877BrookeC .   DISLOCATIONS OF THE THIGH: THEIR MODE OF OCCURRENCE AS INDICATED BY EXPERIMENTS AND THE ANATOMY OF THE HIP-JOINT. BY HENRY MORRIS, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.S., ASSISTANT SURGEON TO, AND LECTURER ON ANATOY1 AT, THE MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL. Received January 9th-Read February 13th, 1877. RECENTLY, whilst making various dissections of the hip-joint, the usually accepted doctrine that dorsal and ischiatic dislocations of the femur occur when the thigh is in a position of adduction appeared to me as very improbable, on anatomi...

1750DrakeJ

  Fragment from the book Drake J. Anthropologia nova: or, a new system of anatomy. … The Third Edition Corrected. (1750). The author does not name the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), but accurately describes its appearance (short, thick, and round), and indicates the attachment points. Quote p. 432 CHAP. VIII. Of the Bones and Muscles of the Thigh, Leg and Foot … The first of these is the largest and most prominent, and has a large round Head, capp’d with a Cartilage, which is receiv’d into the Acetabulum or Socket, at the Ischium or Os Coxendicis; to which it is fastned by two Ligaments: One broad, thick, and membranous, surrounding the whole Edge of the Acetabulum, and Head of the Bone: The other short, thick, and round, springing from the bottom of the Acetabulum, by the side of the Mucilaginous Gland, (which is here the most considerable of the whole Body) and is inserted into the middle of the Cartilaginous Head. The Epiphysis, or Neck of the Bone on which this Head is seate...

2025ChatGPT. Baroque

  2025ChatGPT, painting «Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in Baroque Style». Depiction of the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in Baroque Style. Created in collaboration with the ChatGPT langua...

LCF in 2025 (March)

  LCF in 2025 ( March ):  Quotes from articles and books published in March 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris.   Matsushita, Y., Sugiyama, H., Hayama, T., Sato, R., & Saito, M. (2025). Long-term Outcome of Pediatric Arthroscopic Surgery for Avulsion Fracture of the Ligamentum Teres: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connector ,  15 (1), e25.   [i]     journals.lww.com   Arkhipov, S. V. (2025). Inferior Portal for Hip Arthroscopy: A Pilot Experimental Study. Pt. 2. Inferior Portal Prototypes.  About Round Ligament of Femur . February 26, 2025.  [ii]   researchgate . net   Pfirrmann, C. W., & Kim, Y. J. (2025). Advanced Imaging. In  Surgical Hip Dislocation: A Comprehensive Approach to Modern Hip Surgery (pp. 29-42). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.  [iii]    link.springer.com   Singh, R., & Yadav, N. (2025). Morphometry and Morphology of the Fovea Capitis of the Femoral Head an...

1851HyrtlJ

  The author expresses a classic view on the functions of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF): a conductor of blood vessels and a limiter of adduction of the femur. J. Hyrtl believed that it was impossible to completely dislocate the hip without tearing the LCF. Hyrtl J. Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen, mit Rücksicht auf physiologische Begründung und praktische Anwendung. Wien: W. Braumüller, 1851. [fragment] Quote p. 265 In der Höhle des Gelenks liegt das runde Band des Schenkelkopfes (Lig. teres), welches an der Incisura acetabuli entspringt, und bei richtiger Neigung des Beckens, senkrecht zur Grube des Schenkelkopfes aufsteigt. Es beschränkt dieses Band die Zuziehung des Schenkels, und schreibt zugleich den durch die Incisura acetabuli eindringenden Blutgefässen den Weg vor, den sie zum Oberschenkelkopfe zu nehmen haben. Da das Band, wenn es in die Höhle des Gelenkes vorragen würde, durch Reibung viel zu leiden hätte, so...

2025Copilot. Ancient Egyptian Art

  Copilot: painting « Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in the Style of Ancient Egyptian Art » (2025). Depiction of the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank.  ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work:  Ninth month, eleventh day   ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Painting: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel in the Style of Ancient Egypti...

1869MivartG

  The author discusses his observations of LCF absence in chimpanzees and orangutans.   IX. Contributions towards a more complete knowledge of the Skeleton of the Primates . By Sr. George Mivart, F.L.S., Lecturer on Comparative Anatomy at St. Mary's Hospital. Part I. The Appendicular Skeleton of Simia. Read December 13th, 1866. [Pirates XXXV. to XLIII.] Quote p. 200 It is commonly asserted that the ligamentum teres is absent in. the Orang, as also the pit for its reception on the head of the femur (1). I find no trace of the latter in either femur of any specimen, with one exception (2); but in that. exceptional specimen each femur (Pl. XL. fig. 7 i) exhibits a small but distinct depression on its head in the place occupied in other forms by the pit for the round ligament. This absence has not, as far as I am aware, been noticed in Man or the Chimpanzee; but. in the Gorilla I have sometimes been unable to detect any trace of such a fossa on the head of the femu...