Skip to main content

Catalog. Arthroscopic reconstruction

 

Introduction 

Currently, ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) reconstruction using arthroscopic technologies is considered promising. According to the literature available to us, the first such operation was performed by Marc J. Philippon, which he first reported on in May 2006 (2006PhilipponMJ). Until now, reconstruction of LCF using minimally invasive technologies has not yet become widespread. The long-term results of arthroscopic LCF repair are still uncertain due to insufficient number of surgical procedures performed and short follow-up period (2014O'DonnellJM_SinghPJ).

Catalog

Arthroscopic LCF reconstruction and discussion of technique

Abibe RB, Rahal SC, dos Reis Mesquita L, Doiche D, da Silva, JP, Mamprim, MJ, Pinho RH, Battazza A, Alves CEF, Saunders WB. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits. PeerJ. 2023;11:e14777. doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14777 [peerj.compeerj.com(PDF)]

Al'Khafaji, I., Olszewski, Y., Clarnette, G., Settle, E., Ernstbrunner, L., O'Donnell, J., & Ackland, D. (2024). The contribution of the ligamentum teres to the hip fluid seal: A biomechanics study. Clinical Biomechanics, 106186. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sciencedirect.com]

Amenabar T, O’Donnell J. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon: Surgical technique and an unusual outcome. Arthrosc Tech. 2012;1(2)e169-74. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.07.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Ankem HK, Diulus SC, Meghpara MB, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Maldonado DR, ... Domb BG. Arthroscopic triple reconstruction in the hip joint: restoration of soft-tissue stabilizers in revision surgery for gross instability. Arthroscopy Techniques. 202110(5)e1239-48. [sciencedirect.com]

Arkhipov SV. Underwater Rock of the Ligamentum Teres Reconstructions. Ligamentum Teres – Ligamentum Incognitum. 2019, December 23:1-3. doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22632.42249 [researchgate.net]

Bajwa AS, Cantab MP, VillarRN. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Hip Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction – Reality or Mythology? 2018;34(1)152-4. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.11.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Bajwa A. What the papers say. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;8(4)384-6. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bourgeault-Gagnon Y, Cohen D, Ayeni OR. Editorial Commentary: Borderline Hip Dysplasia Combined With Increased Anteversion and Ligamentum Teres Disruption Is a Recipe for Hip Microinstability. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2024;11. [arthroscopyjournal.org sciencedirect.com]

Brady AW, Chahla J, Locks R, Mikula JD, SletteEL, LaPrade RF, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A guide to safe tunnel placement. Arthroscopy. 2018;34(1)144-51. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.08.308 [sciencedirect.com]

Briggs KK, Pennock A, Philippon MJ. Paper 36: Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(1)e20-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.11.049 [arthroscopyjournal.org]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG. Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American journal of sports medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. doi.org/10.1177/0363546517710008 [journals.sagepub.com]

Chaharbakhshi EO, Perets I, Ashberg L, Mu B, Lenkeit C, Domb BG.). Do ligamentum teres tears portend inferior outcomes in patients with borderline dysplasia undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery? A match-controlled study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2017;45(11)2507-16. [journals.sagepub.com]

Chandrasekaran S, Martin TJ, Close MR, Suarez-Ahedo C, Lodhia P, Domb BG. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: A case series in four patients with connective tissue disorders and generalized ligamentous laxity. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2016;3:358-367. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnw016 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

de Sa D, Phillips M, Philippon MJ, Letkemann S, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Ligamentum teres injuries of the hip: a systematic review examining surgical indications, treatment options, and outcomes. Arthroscopy. 2014;30(12):1634-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.06.007 [sciencedirect.com]

Dimitrakopoulou A, Villar RN. Surgical Treatment of Specific Hip Conditions: Ligamentum Teres Injuries. In Hip Joint Restoration. New York: Springer, 2017:521-6. [link.springer.com]

Garabekyan T, Chadayammuri V, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. All-arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction with graft fixation at the femoral head-neck junction. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(1)e143-7. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2015.10.020 [sciencedirect.com]

Hammarstedt JE, Redmond JM, Gupta A, DombBG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction of the hip in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case study. HIP Int.  2015;25(3)286-91. doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000228 [journals.sagepub.com]

Hartigan DE, Hegedus CE. Editorial Commentary: Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction May Improve Hip Stability But Has High Revision Rates: Fad or Restoration of Function? Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1820-1. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.02.037 [sciencedirect.com]

Ismailoglu AV, Ismailoglu P, Zeynalov SI, Ozdogmus O, Yildizhan SE, Bayramoglu A, Kayaalp A. A guide to facilitate the creation of a femoral tunnel for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: a three-dimensional computed tomography study. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023hnad027. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnad027 [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Knapik DM, Farivar D, Kunze KN, Gilat R, Nho SJ, Chahla J. Indications and outcomes after ligamentum teres reconstruction: a systematic review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation. 2021;3(3)e939-49. [arthroscopysportsmedicineandrehabilitation.org ,  sciencedirect.com

Kraeutler MJ, Garabekyan T, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. Ligamentum teres tendinopathy and tears. MLTJ. 2016;6(3)337-42. doi.org/10.11138/mltj/2016.6.3.337 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lall AC, Ankem HK, Ryan MK, Beason DP, Diulus SC, Roach RP, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Emblton BA, Domb BG. In-line Pullout Strength of 2 Acetabular Fixation Methods for Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction of the Hip: A Cadaveric Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021;9(12)23259671211052533. doi.org/10.1177/23259671211052533  [journals.sagepub.com]

Lindner D, Sharp KG, Trenga AP, Stone J, Stake CE, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2013;2(1)e21-5. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2012.10.002 [sciencedirect.com]

Lindner, D., Gilat, R., & Domb, B. G.). Ligamentum Teres Injuries and Treatment. Hip Preservation Surgery: Open, Arthroscopic, and Endoscopic Techniques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2020;181-90. [link.springer.com]

Locks R, Bolia I, Utsunomiya H, Briggs K, Philippon MJ. Current concepts in revision hip arthroscopy. HIP International. 2018;28(4)343-51. doi.org/10.1177/1120700018771927 [journals.sagepub.com]

Maldonado DR, Chen JW, Lall AC, Go CC, Walker-Santiago R, Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Domb BG. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction Using Anterior Tibialis Allograft and the Tension-Slide Technique. Arthrosc Tech. 2019;8(10)e1075-83. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.05.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Mazek J, Gnatowski M, Salas AP, Domżalski M, Wójcicki R, Skowronek J, Skowronek P. Ligamentum teres reconstruction with labrum and capsule repair after posterior acetabular wall fracture: a case report. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2021;8(Supplement_1)i41-i45.  [europepmc.org]

Mazek J, Helmy N, Salas AP, Skowronek P, Madej A, O´Donnell JM, Dimitriou D. Quantitative cotyloid fossa thickness and proximity to obturator neurovascular bundle: implications for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery. 2023;10(3-4)192-6. [academic.oup.com , scholar.google]

Mei-Dan O, McConkey MO. A novel technique for ligamentum teres reconstruction with “all-suture” anchors in the medial acetabular wall. Arthrosc Tech. 2014;3(2)e217-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2013.10.003 [sciencedirect.com]

Menge TJ, Mitchell JJ, Briggs KK, Philippon MJ. Anatomic arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction for hip instability. Arthrosc Tech. 2016;5(4)e737-e742. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2016.02.036 [sciencedirect.com]

Neumann JA, Greene RS, Banffy MB. A Technique for Arthroscopic-Assisted Ligamentum Teres Augmentation Using a Suture Tape Augmentation. Arthrosc Tech. 2018;7(1)e65–e69. doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.048 [sciencedirect.com]

O’Donnell J, Klaber I, Takla A. Ligamentum teres reconstruction: indications, technique and minimum 1-year results in nine patients. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2020;7(1)140–6. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnz070 [academic.oup.com]

O’Donnell JM, Pritchard M, Porthos Salas A, Singh PJ. The ligamentum teres—its increasing importance. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2014;1(1)3-11. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnu003 [academic.oup.com , academic.oup.com(PDF)]

Pennock AT, Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Technique and Early Outcomes. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy (ISHA) Annual Scientific Meeting.  Cancun, Mexico, Oct 8-9, 2010, P. 62. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Briggs KK. Arthroscopic Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. International Society for Hip Arthroscopy, Cancun, Mexico, October 2010, P. 65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ, Pennock A, Gaskill TR. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres: technique and early outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94B(11)1494-8.  doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B11.28576  [online.boneandjoint.org.uk]

Philippon MJ. Advanced Restorative Concepts: Chondral Grafts, Labrum/ Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, AANA Specialty Days, 2010 AAOS Annual Meeting. New Orleans, La., March 2010, P. 63. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Capsular Plication and Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction, Sports Hip Surgery, Warwick, England, June 2010, P.64. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres repair and reconstruction. Santander Arthroscopy and Sports Hip Meeting. Santander, Spain. February 2009.   [slideshare.net]

Philippon MJ. Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Ligamentum Teres. Warwick Sports Hip Conference. Warwick, England. October 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum teres reconstruction. Advances in hip Arthroscopy Meeting. Paris, France. 22-23rd May 2006. [slideshare.net , sprivail.org(PDF)]

Philippon MJ. Ligamentum Teres Reconstruction. Vail Hip Arthroscopy Symposium, Vail, CO, March, 2012. [sprivail.org]

Rosinsky PJ, Annin S, Maldonado DR, Kyin C, Meghpara MB, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. Arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction: Minimum 2-year patient reported outcomes with sub-analysis of patients with EhlerseDanlos syndrome. Arthroscopy. 2020;36(8)2170-82.  [sciencedirect.com]

Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. All About the Ligamentum Teres: From Biomechanical Role to Surgical Reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(8)e328-e339. doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00352 [journals.lww.com]

Shapira J, Yelton MJ, Rosinsky PJ, Maldonado DR, Meghpara MB, Ankem HK, Lall AC, Domb BG. Ligamentum teres reconstruction may lead to improvement in outcomes following a secondary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic microinstability: A systematic review. Arthroscopy. 2021;37(6)1811-9. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.01.022 [sciencedirect.com]

Simpson JM, Field RE, Villar RN. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres. Arthroscopy. 2011;27(3)436-41. doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.09.016 [sciencedirect.com

Spencer AD, Hagen MS. Predicting Outcomes in Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2024;1-9. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Steadman - Hawkins Research Foundation. Annual Report 2006. Vail, Colorado, 2006, P. 60-61. [sprivail.org]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2010 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2010, P. 62-65. [drrobertlaprademd.com]

Steadman Philippon Research Institute. 2012 Annual Report. Vail, Colorado, 2012, P. 35, 57, 64, 66. [sprivail.org]

White BJ, Ericson JrWB. Hip pain: Surgical treatment of an unstable hip: Labral and ligamentum teres reconstruction and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). In: Francomano CA et al (Eds). Symptomatic. Elsevier, 2024;547-53. [sciencedirect.com]

White BJ, Scoles AM, Herzog MM. Simultaneous acetabular labrum and ligamentum teres reconstruction: a case report. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2018;5(2)166-73. doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hny001 [academic.oup.com]

.                                                                     .

keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip joint, reconstruction, arthroscopy …

CATALOGS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

LCF in 2026 (May)

LCF in 2026 (May )  (Quotes from articles and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)   Kim, P. S., Kang, C., Lee, J. K., & Hwang, J. M. (2026). Hip arthroscopy to treat symptomatic paralabral cysts: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes. Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine , 13 (1), 27-34.     [i]     e-aosm.org   Ko, H. Y. (2026). Vascular Anatomy of the Extremities and Lungs. In Practical Functional Anatomy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation: A Guide for Physiatrists and Rehabilitation Specialists (pp. 191-223). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.      [ii] link.springer.com   Aiba, H., Yamaguchi, M., Kimura, H., & Murakami, H. (2026). Advances in limb-salvage surgery and reconstruction for pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors. Frontiers in Pediatrics , 14 , 1817788.      [iii]     pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov   Bajwa, A., Villar, R., ...

2008ArkhipovSV

  On the Role of the Ligamentum Capitis Femoris  in the Maintenance of Different Types of Erect Posture S.V. Arkhipov Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, abductor muscle group, role,  function, hip joint, model, biomechanics, walk, gait cycle, single-legged stance  ABSTRACT New experimental and clinical data on the function of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its participation in maintaining an erect posture were obtained. It was established that this anatomical element is involved in constraining the hip joint adduction and may fi x the joint in the frontal plane, turning it into an analogue of a second-class lever. In both unstrained one-support and asymmetrical two-support orthostatic postures, when the LCF is stretched and the abductor muscle group is exerted, a load equal to the body weight is evenly distributed between the upper and lower hemispheres of the caput femoris. In addition, the LCF fu...

1990HarveyB

  Harvey B, sculpture, Jacob wrestling with the angel (ca. 1990).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Bessie Harvey – tree root sculpture Jacob Wres tling with the Angel (ca. 1990); original in the high.org collection (Fair...

1943SinzWA

  Sinz WA , s culpture Jacob and the Angel (1943).   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Walter A. Sinz – Jacob and the Angel (1943). Ceramic. Gift of Hilda Kisella (2007.187) ; original in clevelandart.org   collect...

Vertebrates

VERTEBRATES According to the molecular clock, a specific method for dating phylogenetic events, vertebrates (Vertebrata) separated from arthropods (Arthropoda) 976±97 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). The latter began to dominate in species diversity with the Cambrian burst of radiation, which occurred 520 Ma (2010EdgecombeGD). This ratio in the fauna of the Earth is still preserved. Approximately 525 Ma, the phylum Chordates separated from the group of bilaterally symmetrical animals (1995ChenJY_ZhouGQ). In turn, the evolution of chordate organisms led to the formation of the first vertebrates at least 500 Ma, from which the jawed mouths 450-400 Ma descended, becoming the ancestors of the placoderms or "armored" fish (Placodermi) (1979 НаумовНП _ КарташевНН ). Sculptural reconstruction of the placoderm Coccosteus from the order Arthrodires, Middle Devonian, 393.3-382.7  Ma ; exposition of the Orlov Paleontological Museum (Moscow); photo by the author. The first cartilaginou...

1132Sant’Orso

  Collegiate Church of Sant’Orso of Aosta (France), capital – Jacob with the Angel (1132).  Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ).     Collegiate Church of Sant’Orso of Aosta (1132) Capital № 21 – Jacob with the Angel. О riginal ...

20c.WikstromB

  Wikstrom B , s culpture I will not let you go» (Jacob wrestling the Angel , 20th cent.?) .   Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis:  25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day.  26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Brit Wikstrom – « I will not let you go» (Jacob wrestling the Angel , 20th?) . O riginal in gg...

THE ROLE OF THE HIP JOINT LIGAMENTS

  The role of the hip joint ligaments Ligaments tighten when the pelvis tilts, support the body, and correct the movement of the center of mass. A horizontal position of the pelvis in a single-leg stance and during walking is pathological. See experiments: https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/07/blog-post_26.html https://kruglayasvyazka.blogspot.com/2024/07/lcf_16.html Publication in the facebook group 05/23/2025.     BLOG CONTENT NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS FACEBOOK

Australopithecus afarensis

  AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS In 1735, Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) placed humans as a species «Homo nosce te ipsum» in the order Anthropomorpha along with monkeys and sloths (1735LinneC). In a publication in 1758, the naturalist transferred humans to the order Primates (1758LinneC). Today, humans and chimpanzees are united in the tribe Hominini, as descended from a common ancestor (2001GrovesCP). It has been established that the chromosome that distinguishes humans from monkeys was formed before 4.5 Ma (2022PoszewieckaB_GambinA). The hominin subfamily Sahelanthropus tchadensis lived in the Republic of Chad (Central Africa) from 7.2±0.31 to 6.8±0.45 Ma (2008LebatardAE_BrunetM; 2012ReynoldsSC_GallagherA). Reconstruction of its musculoskeletal system showed that the creature could have been an upright bipedal primate (2005ZollikoferCP_BrunetM). Fossils of what is probably the first bipedal representative of the hominid family Orrorin tugenensis, lived 6.1-5.7 Ma and still retained adapta...

NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource   in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics.  May 29 , 2026  LCF in 2026 (May)   Quotes from articl es and books published in May   2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris.    May 28 , 2026  Online Journal «A BOUT ROUND LIGAMENT OF FEMUR», May 2026 May 26 , 2026  20c.Wikstrom B   Sculpture depicting the circumstances and me chanism of the LCF injury.  May 23 , 2026  1990HarveyB   Sculpture depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the LCF injury.  May 22 , 2026  1981OrtnerDJ_PutscharWGJ The authors describe signs of LCF pathology in the remains of a Bronze Age individu al. May 21 , 2026...