Online version from 07/03/2025
Arkhipov S.V.
Content
This evolving article collects views on the importance of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) to the musculoskeletal system. Our collection aims to highlight the emerging fundamental shift in the current consensus in the orthopaedic and musculoskeletal research communities regarding the meaning of LCF. Here the convinced convince others. Ultimately, this once-unconventional idea will become established knowledge, enabling a transformation in clinicians’ thinking and in approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hip joint pathologies.
2025
«The LT [LCF] works as a secondary static stabilizer of the hip by acting as a sling to prevent subluxation of the femoral head …».
Guimarães JB, Arruda PH, Cerezal L, Ratti MA, Cruz IA, Morimoto LR, Cabrita HABA, Chhabra A, Nico MAC, Ormond Filho AG. Hip Microinstability: New Concepts and Comprehensive Imaging Evaluation.
«Once thought to be a redundant structure in the adult hip, the ligamentum teres (LT) [LCF] is now thought to play an important role in hip joint stability.»
Atzmon R, Belmont S, Steen A, Ehud R. Hip Instability in Sports.
«The role of the ligamentum teres [LCF] as a stabilizer has been discussed, and recent research has suggested a more prominent role in hip joint stability than earlier thought of, …»
Öhlin A, Lindman I, Karlsson L, Sansone M. Hip Anatomy and Biomechanics.
«The ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is an important hip joint structure.»
Fedotchenko A. ABS0186 LECTIN HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE LIGAMENTUM CAPITIS FEMORIS IN THE INTACT HIP JOINT DURING THE POSTNATAL PERIOD.
«It [LCF] forms the only intra-articular connection between the pelvis and femur and functions as an intrinsic stabilizer of …».
Abrahamson J, Aminoff AS. Physical Examination of the Hip: Useful Major Sports-Related Aspects.
«This FEA [finite element analysis] modeling study supports the function of the LT [LCF] in restraining hip ER [external rotation] range of motion. It also supports a ball and string model to describe the function of the LT. ER was found to cause the LT to tighten with an associated increase in stress. The LT therefore may act as a sling, wrapping around the femoral head during ER. A tightening of the LT was associated with an exponential increase in stress as it pulls the femoral head into the acetabulum to increase stability at the end range of hip ER range of motion.»
Martin R, Wang J, Gu L. EP2. 27 A Finite Element Analysis Model to Support Ligamentum Teres Function.
«These findings help to support the LT’s [LCF] role as a rotational stabilizer in the frontal and transverse planes wrapping around the femoral head to act as a sling. Additionally, the increased stress during external rotation at greater degrees of hip flexion suggests an enhanced role for the LT in hip stability as flexion increases. These results add as a proof of concept in that the LT is under stress during hip movements and has a potential role in stabilizing the hip joint.»
Zhang Y, Wang J, Gu L, Martin HD, Martin RL. A finite element analysis model to support ligamentum teres function.
«In addition, soft tissue structures such as the acetabular labrum, the ligamentum teres [LCF], and the hip capsule play a significant role in maintaining joint stability.»
Domb BG, Wallace IA, Becker N. Editorial Commentary: Arthroscopic Treatment of Mild Hip Dysplasia Can Result in Excellent Outcome and Avoid More Invasive Periacetabular Osteotomy.
2024
«The round ligament [LCF] performs the role of proprioception and nociception through mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings, and helps prevent hip dislocation and damage to surrounding structures through reflex mechanisms. In particular, the role of the round ligament [LCF] as a stabilizing factor becomes important when there is a deficiency in the squat posture or other hip joint stabilizing factors, or when there is hypermobility of the joint.»
Park CJ, Lee CY, Park KS. Ligamentum Teres Injury: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Diagnosis and Treatment.
«The function of this ligament [LCF] is to assist in the stability of the hip when standing and weight-bearing.»
Foss C. Ligamentous Injuries of the Hip.
Chen CL, Hixon LP, Viani EC. Arthrocentesis.
«The labrum, capsule, and ligamentum teres [LCF] are important static stabilizers of the hip, …»
«Ligamentum teres [LCF] can be a source of hip pain and is an important stabiliser.»
Bateman M, Rassie, M. Annual scientific meeting of the Australasian Musculoskeletal Imaging Group (AMSIG).
«The ligamentum teres (LT) [LCF] supports the capsular ligaments of the hip, preventing femoral head subluxation at the extremes of the range of motion. Its tears are associated with hip microinstability and pain, …»
Akkaya Z, Giesler PJ, Roach KE, Joseph GB, McCulloch CE, Bharadwaj UU, Souza RB, Majumdar S, Link TM. Ligamentum teres lesions are associated with compositional and structural hip cartilage degenerative change: region-specific cartilage degeneration.
«The results of the present study demonstrate that the ligamentum teres [LCF] plays a critical role in maintaining a fluid seal in our cadaveric model, and that the function of the seal is significantly compromised in the ligamentum teres [LCF] deficient state. This biomechanical function appears to be most prominent when the hip is in the neutral or extended positions, which is when the hip joint contact force, as a result of loading from the surrounding muscles, is expected to be largest.»
Al'Khafaji I, Olszewski Y, Clarnette G, Settle E, Ernstbrunner L, O'Donnell J, Ackland D. The contribution of the ligamentum teres to the hip fluid seal: A biomechanics study.
2021
«Major stabilizers of the hip are the joint capsule, ligament of the head of the femur [LCF], and the dorsal acetabular rim.»
Harper T. Coxofemoral luxation: tips for closed reductions.
2020
«With the new concept of hip microinstability, we can now view the LT [LCF] as an important stabilizer, especially in these specific cases.»
Rosinsky PJ, Shapira J, Lall AC, Domb BG. All About the Ligamentum Teres: From Biomechanical Role to Surgical Reconstruction.
2018
«The LT [LCF] is not a redundant structure in the adult hip. Its primary role appears to be as a secondary stabilizer to supplement the work of the capsular ligaments, particularly in mid-flexion, abduction/adduction and rotation. It may have a more defined role to prevent subluxation in a sling function around the femoral head.»
O’Donnell JM, Devitt, BM, Arora M. The role of the ligamentum teres in the adult hip: redundant or relevant? A review.
«Rabbits with a complete ligamentum teres [LCF] tear showed significant instability at the hip joint and articular cartilage damage in our rabbit model, supporting the potential clinical importance of ligamentum teres as a hip joint stabilizer.»
Baek JH, Chun YS, Rhyu KH, Yoon WK, Cho YJ. Effect of ligamentum teres tear on the development of joint instability and articular cartilage damage: an in vivo rabbit study.
2016
«The ligamentum teres [LCF] is an important stabilizer to the hip joint, particularly with hip flexion and external rotation.»
Kraeutler MJ, Garabekyan T, Pascual-Garrido C, Mei-Dan O. Ligamentum teres tendinopathy and tears.
2014
«The major function of the LT [LCF] is controlling hip rotation. The LT [LCF] functions as an end-range stabilizer to hip rotation dominantly at 90° or greater of hip flexion, confirming its contribution to hip stability.»
Martin HD, Hatem MA, Kivlan BR, Martin R. Function of the ligamentum teres in limiting hip rotation: a cadaveric study.
2013
«The results of the current study suggest that the ligamentum teres [LCF] has the potential to provide stabilization to the hip joint during multi-planar movement of flexion and abduction. It was discovered that the ligamentum teres [LCF] formed a ‘‘sling-like’’ structure to support the femoral head inferiorly as the hip joint was moved into multi-planar movement that resembled a squat.»
Kivlan BR, Richard Clemente F, Martin RL, Martin HD. Function of the ligamentum teres during multi-planar movement of the hip joint.
2012
«In cases of inadequate bony coverage, the LT [LCF] may have a role in keeping the femoral head in its concentric location.»
Mei-Dan O, McConkey MO, Brick M. Catastrophic failure of hip arthroscopy due to iatrogenic instability: can partial division of the ligamentum teres and iliofemoral ligament cause subluxation?
«1. The ligamentum capitis femoris is an important functional connection of the hip joint, capable of locking it in a relaxed single-support position, and transforming it into an analogue of a second-class lever and stabilizing the pelvis.
2. Tension of the ligamentum capitis femoris in vertical poses and during walking redistributes part of the load from the upper to the lower sectors of the articular surfaces and reduces the load on the abductor muscle group.»
«The ligamentum teres [LCF] may contribute to hip stability when the hip is in external rotation in 90 flexion and internal rotation in 20 extension.»
Martin RL, Palmer I, Martin HD. Ligamentum teres: a functional description and potential clinical relevance.
2011
«The ligamentum teres [LCF] is tightest in adduction, flexion, and external rotation of the hip.»
«The ligamentum teres [LCF] does limit axial distraction, although it requires several millimeters before it becomes taut.»
Shu B, Safran MR. Hip instability: Anatomic and clinical considerations of traumatic and atraumatic instability.
«Evidence exists that rupture of this ligament [LCF] can be a potent source of hip pain, which may be successfully treated by debridement. However, in some patients with persistent hip pain, it is our belief that this relates to the loss of stability normally provided by an intact ligamentum [LCF]. On occasion, therefore, reconstruction of the ligamentum teres [LCF] may be indicated.»
Simpson JM, Field RE, Villar RN. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligamentum teres.
2010
«Among other functions, the ligamentum teres [LCF] is an important stabilizer of the hip, particularly in adduction, flexion, and external rotation.»
Cerezal L, Kassarjian A, Canga A, Dobado MC, Montero JA, Llopis E, Rolón A, Pérez-Carro L. Anatomy, biomechanics, imaging, and management of ligamentum teres injuries.
2009
«Advances in hip arthroscopy have renewed interest in the ligamentum teres [LCF]. Considered by many to be a developmental vestige, it is now recognised as a significant potential source of pain and mechanical symptoms arising from the hip joint.»
Bardakos NV, Villar RN. The ligamentum teres of the adult hip.
2008
«We believe reconstruction of the ligamentum teres [LCF] may improve the mechanics of the unstable immature hip by constraining abnormal subluxation.»
Dodds MK, Lee J, McCormack D. Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head: assessment of a novel surgical approach to the dislocating paediatric hip in a porcine model.
«2. The unstrained type of the one-support orthostatic position, when frontal closure of the hip joint is only at the expense of the ligamentum capitis femoris, provides complete unloading of the abductor muscle group. In this case, the resultant load on the caput femoris has an upward direction, being approximately equal to twice the body weight. This load is evenly distributed between the upper and lower caput femoris hemispheres by a combination of tightening of the abductor muscle group and stretching of the ligamentum capitis femoris.»
Arkhipov SV. On the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris in the maintenance of different types of erect posture.
2007
«In this study, we found the ligamentum teres [LCF] to have material properties similar to those of other ligaments. Its biomechanical function is not inconsequential, and it likely contributes significantly to the stabilization of the hip joint.»
Wenger D, Miyanji F, Mahar A, Oka R. The mechanical properties of the ligamentum teres: a pilot study to assess its potential for improving stability in children's hip surgery.
2006
The authors described the role of LCF in hip joint stability.
Shindle MK, Ranawat AS, Kelly BT. Diagnosis and management of traumatic and atraumatic hip instability in the athletic patient.
2005
«... the effect of spontaneous rotation of the pelvis in the horizontal plane when the hip joint is locked in the frontal plane in a single-support orthostatic position with a stretched of the ligament of head of femur [LCF] has been experimentally proven. Due to the tension of the ligament of head of femur [LCF] in a single-support orthostatic position, autostabilization of the pelvis occurs».
LCF «…ensures a reduction in the energy consumption of a single-support orthostatic position and walking, determines its rhythm and cyclicity.».
2004
«The main role of the ligament of head of femur [LCF] is mechanical. Its most important functions include: the function of connecting the femur and pelvic bones, limiting the adduction of the femur, lateral and cranial displacement of the femoral head, and the function of support.»
2003
The authors described the stabilizing force for LCF in adduction of the femur.
Kelly BT, Williams RJ, Philippon MJ: Hip arthroscopy: Current indications, treatment options, and management issues.
2001
«We believe the ligamentum teres [LCF] contributes significantly to the stabilization of the hip.»
Rao J, Zhou YX, Villar RN. Injury to the ligamentum teres: mechanism, findings, and results of treatment.
1997
LCF «…being a functional connection in the hip joint, it participates in determining the magnitude, direction and acceleration of angular movements of adjacent biokinematic links…»
«The ligamentum teres [LCF] remains an enigmatic structure: it is a strong broad ligament whose structure belies its accepted function of carrying a blood vessel to a small area of femoral head. It is likely that it has a significant structural or stabilizing role. Further research into its function and pathology promises to advance the understanding and treatment of hip conditions.»
Gray AJ, Villar RN. The ligamentum teres of the hip: an arthroscopic classification of its pathology, (October).
1996
«Mechanical and morphologic adaptations of the ligamentum teres [LCF] in a group of ischemic femoral heads are described, and a possible biomechanical role is suggested for the ligamentum teres in the hip joint in conjunction with the ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.»
Chen HH, Li AFY, Li KC, Wu JJ, Chen TS, Lee MC. Adaptations of ligamentum teres in ischemic necrosis of human femoral head.
1994
The results of the study confirm the importance of the LCF as a stabilizing structure in the hip joint.
Chen HH, Li KC, Li AF, et al. Effects of ligamentum teres on the hip stability. (see: 2012PhillipsAR_FernD)
Abrahamson Josefin. Sportsmed AB, Gothenburg; Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Acklandb David. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Akkaya Zehra. Department of Radiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Al'Khafajia Ian. Department of Orthopaedics, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
Aminoff Anna Swärd. Department of Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Arora Manit. Hip Arthroscopy Australia, 21 Erin Street, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia.
Arruda Pedro H. C. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Atzmon Ran. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Baek Jong Hun. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-872, Korea.
Bardakos Nikolaos V. The Richard Villar Practice. The Wellington Hospital, South Building, 8a Wellington Place, St. John’s Wood, London NW8 9LE, UK.
Bateman Mat. Sunshine Coast, Australia.
Becker Nils. M.D., Chicago, Illinois (I.A.W., N.B.), Hannover, Germany (N.B.).
Belmont Samuel. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated with the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Bharadwaj Upasana U. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Brick Matthew. M.D. Millennium Institute of Sport and Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
Cabrita Henrique A. B. A. Department of Orthopedics, Instituto Vita, São Paulo, Brazil.
Canga Ana. Departments of Radiology Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Cerezal Luis. From the Department of Radiology, Diagnóstico Médico Cantabria, Calle Castilla 6 Bajo, 39002 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Cerezal Luis. Department of Radiology, Diagnóstico Médico Cantabria (DMC), Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Chen Carolyn L. Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Chen Hsiang-Ho. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chen Tain-Shiung. Departments of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Pathology, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.
Chhabra Avneesh. Department of Radiology and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex. USA.
Cho Yoon Je. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-872, Korea.
Chun Young Soo. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-872, Korea.
Clarnetteb Georgina. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Cruz Isabela A. N. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Devitt Brian M. Orthosport Victoria, 89 Bridge Road, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia.
Dobado María Carmen. Department of Radiology, Clínica Creu Blanca, Barcelona, Spain.
Dodds Michael K. MCh, AFRCSI, Department of Surgery, University College Dublin; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's University Hospital, Temple St, Dublin, Ireland.
Domb Benjamin G. M.D., Chicago, Illinois (I.A.W., N.B.); American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA.
Ehud Rath. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated with the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Ernstbrunner Lukas. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Fedotchenko A. Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine.
Field Richard E. F.R.C.S.(Orth), South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Surrey, England.
Flores Dyan V. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Foss Christine. Elite Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Bradenton, FL, USA.
Foster Ryan C.B. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Garabekyan Tigran. Southern California Hip Institute, USA.
Giesler Paula J. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gray Alistair J. R. F.R.C.S. (Edin) Orth. Affiliations Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, The Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.
Gu Linxia. Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
Guimarães Júlio B. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Harper Tisha. Dr, DVM, MS, DipACVS-SA, DACVSMR, CCRP, a clinical associate professor and the service head for small animal orthopedics and rehabilitation at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, USA.
Hatem Munif A. M.D., Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Hixon Leah P. Colorado Canine Orthopedics, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
Joseph Gabby B. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Karlsson Louise. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Kassarjian Ara. From the Department of Radiology, Diagnóstico Médico Cantabria, Calle Castilla 6 Bajo, 39002 Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Kelly Bryan T. MD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Kivlan Benjamin R. M.S., P.T., John G. Rangos Sr School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kraeutler Matthew J. University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA.
Lall Ajay C. MD, MS, American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA.
Lee Chan-Young. M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
Lee James. Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's University Hospital, Temple St, Dublin, Ireland.
Lee Maw-Chang. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Li Anna. Departments of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Pathology, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.
Li Kung-Chia. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chia-Yi Veterans Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Lindman Ida. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Link Thomas M. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Llopis Eva. Department of Radiology, Hospital de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain.
Mahar Andrew. MS, Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Majumdar Sharmila. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Martin Hal David. Hip Presentation Center, Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA; Oklahoma Sports Science and Orthopaedics, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Martin RobRoy L. Department of Physical Therapy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; UPMC Center for Sports Medicine, 3200 S Water St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
McConkey Mark O. M.D. Millennium Institute of Sport and Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
McCormack Damian. MCh, FRCSI, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's University Hospital, Temple St, Dublin, Ireland.
McCulloch Charles E. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mei-Dan Omer. M.D. Millennium Institute of Sport and Health, Auckland, New Zealand; University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA.
Miyanji Firoz. MD, Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, USA.
Montero Juan Antonio. Department of Anatomy, Cantabria University, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Morimoto Letícia R. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nico Marcelo A. C. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
O’Donnell John M. Hip Arthroscopy Australia, 21 Erin Street, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia.
Öhlin Axel. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Oka Richard. MS, Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, USA.
Olszewskib Yvonne. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Ormond Filho Alípio G. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Palmer Ian. Oklahoma Sports Science and Orthopaedics, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Park Chan-Jin. M.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
Park Kyung-Soon. M.D., Ph.D., Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
Pascual-Garrido Cecilia. University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA.
Pérez-Carro Luis. Orthopedic Surgery Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
Philippon Marc J. MD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Rakhra Kawan S. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ranawat Anil S. MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Rao J. BSc MB, ChB, FRCS, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich, Suffolk, United Kingdom.
Rassie Mark. Melbourne, Australia.
Ratti Marco A. S. Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Rua Mato Grosso, 306, Higienópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rhyu Kee Hyung. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-872, Korea.
Richard Clemente F. John G. Rangos Sr. School of Health Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
Roach Koren E. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Rolón Alejandro. Department of Radiology, Centro Diagnóstico Rossi, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rosinsky Philip J. MD, American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA.
Safran Marc R. MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
Sampaio Marcos Loreto. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sansone Mikael. Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Settleb Edward. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Shapira Jacob. MD, American Hip Institute, Des Plaines, IL, USA.
Shindle Michael K. MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, 525 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Shu Beatrice. MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Edwards Building, R144, M/C 5343, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94302, USA.
Simpson James M. F.R.C.S.Ed.(Tr&Orth), The Richard Villar Practice, Cambridge Lea Hospital, Cambridge, England.
Souza Richard B. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Steen Aimee. College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
Viani Emily C. Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment & Specialties, Walpole, MA, USA.
Villar Richard N. B.Sc. (Hons), M.A., M.S., F.R.C.S. Affiliations Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England; The Richard Villar Practice. The Wellington Hospital, South Building, 8a Wellington Place, St. John’s Wood, London NW8 9LE, UK; Cambridge Hip & Knee Unit, Cambridge Lea Hospital, Impington, Cambs CB4 4EL & Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Wallace Isabella A. B.A., Chicago, Illinois (I.A.W., N.B.), USA.
Wang Jianing. Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology , 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
Wenger Dennis. MD, Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Williams Riley J. MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
Wu Jiunn-Jer. Departments of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Pathology, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China.
Yoon Wan Keun. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Zhang Yongni. Duquesne-China Health Institute, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
Zhou Y. X. MD, MS, Department of General Orthopaedics, Department of Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The 4th Clinical School of Peking University, Beijing, China.
Arkhipov Sergey V. Candidate of medical sciences, orthopedic surgeon, medical writer, independent researcher, Joensuu, Finland.
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Author
of the article
Archipov S.V. – Independent Researcher, Orthopedic Surgeon, Medical Writer,
Joensuu, Finland.
Correspondence address: Sergey Archipov, email: archipovsv @ gmail.com
Article history
03.07.2025 – the
online version of the article was published on the website «About Round Ligament of Femur» (roundligament.blogspot.com).
04.07.2025 – PDF version of the article has been published. Permanent link: drive.google.com
Recommended citation
Archipov SV. Critical mass of consensus: Opinions on the importance of
ligamentum capitis femoris (XX-XXI century). About round ligament of femur.
03.07.2025. https://roundligament.blogspot.com/2025/07/critical-mass-of-consensus.html
Note
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, round ligament, ligament of head of femur, role, function,
biomechanics, mechanics
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