LCF in 2026 ( October)
(Quotes from articles and books published in October 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris)
Sha, M. S., Liu, M. Y., Li, M. H., Shen, M. L., Li, M. W., Liu, M. W., ... & Yin, M. Q. (2026). Hip arthroscopy with comprehensive capsular closure following longitudinal outside-in capsulotomy showed improved clinical outcomes in symptomatic borderline hip dysplasia: A retrospective study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Journal of ISAKOS, 21, 101226. [i] jisakos.com
Hou, D., Ndjonko, L., Johnson, S. R., England, P., Sheth, U., & Tjong, V. K. (2026). Both Knotless and Traditional Knot‐Tying Suture Anchors Result in Favorable Clinical Outcomes in the Treatment of Acetabular Labral Tears: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, e70092. [ii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Garcia, L. C., Rosário, D. A. V., Garcia Filho, F. C., Cantao, M., Sena, T. F. L., Isaac, D. M., & Cantão, M. D. O. (2026). Treatment of Acute Grade I Proximal Femoral Epiphysiolysis With Hip-Preserving Surgery: An Arthroscopic Approach. Cureus, 18(9). [iii] assets.cureus.com
Hölmich P, Weir A, Papadopoulou Th … Khanduja V (2026). Hip and groin pain in physically active adults with a focus on terminology, clinical examination and imaging: A formal ESSKA‐EHPA‐ESMA Consensus. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2026;1–12. [iv] run.unl.pt
Paillusseau, C., Schilliger, L., Gandar, F., & Bernhard, C. (2026). Femoral head ostectomy as a treatment of coxofemoral luxation in three lizard species: A surgical technique. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 57(4), 713-722. [v] bioone.org
Sahab, L. S., & Al-Hilli, A. B. (2026). A Comparative Study between Standard and Modified Salter Pelvic Osteotomy: Intermediate-Term Outcomes in Walking-Age Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 68(3), 226-232. [vi] iqjmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Azhideh, A., Eshraghi, N., Kim, H. S., Park, C., Ahmed, N. A., Kumar, T., ... & Chalian, M. (2026). Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: From Newborn Screening to Adult Presentation and Management. RadioGraphics, 46(10), e260088. [vii] pubs.rsna.org
Atia, R. (2026). Associated hip dislocation is still often overlooked in complex acetabular fractures: About 357 cases. 46th SICOT, 29 September – 1October 2026. [viii] researchgate.net
Bomma, K., Quesada-Jimenez, R., Patel, K., Moore, W., Kuhns, B., & Domb, B. (2026). FP4. 7 Full-Thickness Tears of the Ligamentum Teres Portend Inferior Mid-Term Functional Outcomes Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery, 13(Suppl 1), i14. [ix] academic.oup.com
Bajwa, A. (2026). EP1. 8 Hip microinstability in the absence of dysplasia: Treatment with Ligamentum Teres reconstruction and capsulolabral stabilisation. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery, 13(Suppl 1), i83. [x] academic.oup.com
Domb, B., Wallace, I., Patel, D., & Flynn, M. (2026). EP9. 8 Postpartum Hip Problems: Presentation, Pathology, and Diagnosis. Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery, 13(Suppl 1), i201. [xi] academic.oup.com
Ouyang, Z., Fu, Z., Chen, X., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., & Liu, T. (2026). A modified Dunn osteotomy without surgical hip dislocation for severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis: mid-term outcomes from a case series. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B. [xii] ovid.com
Schab, A. R., McCarroll, T. R., Quesada‐Jimenez, R., Walsh, E. G., O’Brien, E. J., & Domb, B. G. (2026). Skeletally Immature Adolescents With Open Physes Show Similar Outcomes From Hip Arthroscopy as Skeletally Mature Adolescents With Closed Physes. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, e70016. [xiii] pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Dai, Z. Z., Li, T., Li, H., Zhang, Z. M., & Sha, L. (2026). Acetabular Insertion Avulsion Fracture of the Ligamentum Teres in a Child: A Case Report. Diagnostics. 2026, 16, 3281. [xiv] mdpi.com
Önder, M., Yıldırım, T., Aydın, A., Akgün, H., Kürk, M. B., & Konya, M. N. (2026). Avascular Necrosis After Closed or Medial Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Incidence and Associated Factors in 125 Hips With a Minimum Five-Year Follow-up. Orthop Surg, 2(2), 108-125. [xv] ortst.org
Stetzelberger, V. M., Brosio, E., Laurençon, J., Marti, D., Schmaranzer, F., Galley, J., ... & Tannast, M. (2026). What Is the Validity of Traction MR Arthrography for Detecting Lesions of the Ligamentous-Fossa-Foveolar Complex in Patients Undergoing Joint-preserving Surgery Through Surgical Hip Dislocation?. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. [xvi] vid.com
Vaduva, C., Zaha, C., Casalean, T., Morar, D., Simiz, F., Simina, V., ... & Dascălu, R. (2026). Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Two Neutered Male Maine Coon Cats: A Case Report. Animals, 16(21), 3327. [xvii] mdpi.com
Tilyakov, A. B., Mirzaev, A. G., Xujanazarov, I. E., Ahmedov, A. E., & Arifjanov, K. S. (2026). Clinical and functional outcomes of the McHale procedure in palliative treatment of hip dislocation in patients with cerebral palsy. Genij Ortopedii, 32(5), 661-670. [xviii] ilizarov-journal.com
Correa, F. B. P., Savarese, L. G., & Nogueira-Barbosa, M. H. (2026). Association of ligamentum teres thickness on MRI with femoral head extrusion in Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease. Skeletal Radiology, 1-11. [xix] link.springer.com
Arkhipov, S. V. (2026) Medical Record: The Contribution of a Middle Bronze Age Egyptian Physician to the Book of Genesis. Kyrö: Author’s Edition, 2026. [xx] books.google
Thirty-six patients (36 hips) were included with a mean age of 37.5 ± 11.0 years and a mean follow-up of 3.7 ± 1.0 years. Intraoperatively, femoral head cartilage degeneration was observed in 63.9% of cases, and ligamentum teres tears in 77.8%.
Traction was applied until the hip joint space reached approximately 8–10 mm. The instruments were introduced into the central compartment of the joint to perform labral repair, cartilage restoration, ligamentum teres debridement and central acetabular osteophyte (CAO) decompression. Then, the traction was released, and the hip was flexed by 30–60° to perform cam osteoplasty and the management of other pathologies (Fig. 3).
 |
| Fig. 3 Intraoperative findings and pathological management. (A) Labral injury. (B) Labral cyst. (C) Labral repair. (D) Acetabular cartilage injury. (E) Microfracture. (F) Ligamentum teres tear. (G) Central acetabular osteophyte. (H) Central acetabular osteophyte decompression. (I) Cam osteoplasty. FH = femoral head; LTT = ligamentum teres tear; A = acetabulum; L = labrum; CAO = central acetabular osteophyte; CAD = central acetabular osteophyte decompression. (This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)). |
The intraoperative findings, including the thickness of the middle part of the anterior capsule, Acetabular Labrum Articular Disruption Grade (ALAD), cartilage degeneration of the femoral head (Outerbridge Grade), Villar Classification of ligamentum teres, labral cyst, CAO, microfracture, number of labral sutures and capsule sutures, cam osteoplasty, and osteoplasty of the AIIS were collected from the surgical records (Table 2).
|
Villar
Classification, n (%) |
|
|
0 |
8 (22.2) |
|
I |
0 (0) |
|
II |
12 (33.3) |
|
III |
16 (44.4) |
The cohort was predominantly categorized as Outerbridge grade 0 (36.1%) and grade 1 (44.4%). Ligamentum teres tears were common, with the majority of patients classified as type II (33.3%) or III (44.4%) according to the Villar Classification. The CAO was also prevalent (47.2%). After addressing the intra-articular injuries, the joint capsule was sutured.
Besides the changes in the capsule, intra-articular injuries and degenerative changes, including labral tears, ligamentum teres tears, and articular-cartilage damage, were also characteristic of BHD (borderline hip dysplasia) patients. Labral hypertrophy, commonly observed intraoperatively, could be considered a compensatory response to hip instability, which increases shear stresses on the labrum and further aggravates labral injury and degenerative changes [27–29]. The proportion of ligamentum teres tears was high in our cohort, with 77.7% of cases presenting such lesions. The ligamentum teres is a key stabilizing structure that limits external rotation and is vulnerable to tearing under conditions of mechanical instability [30]. Moreover, cartilage injury and degeneration were also prevalent. In our series, 61.1% of patients exhibited ALAD grade ≥2, 63.9% had Outerbridge grade ≥1, and 47.2% presented with CAO. The high prevalence of ligamentum teres and chondral lesions observed in our cohort is consistent with previous reports demonstrating that acetabular undercoverage and mechanical instability in BHD are associated with secondary injury to the labrum, cartilage, and soft-tissue stabilizers [27–33]. These findings further suggest that capsular insufficiency and concomitant intra-articular pathology should be considered together when evaluating hip stability in patients with BHD.
30 Jo, S. ∙ Hooke, A.W. ∙ An, K.N. ... Contribution of the ligamentum teres to hip stability in the presence of an intact capsule: a cadaveric study Arthroscopy. 2018; 34:1480-1487
Additional procedures performed alongside labral repair varied across studies (Table 1). Femoroplasty was the most reported adjunct procedure, with frequencies ranging from 36.4% to 100% in studies that reported these data. Other procedures include acetabuloplasty, ligamentum teres debridement, and microfracture, although frequencies of these procedures also ranged widely among studies. Capsular repair was reported in 5 of the 11 studies, with most repairing 100% of capsules. Follow‐up time ranged from 24 to 49.5 months.
A systematic arthroscopic evaluation of the central compartment was then conducted (Figure 2). No chondrolabral lesions or ligamentum teres injuries were identified. With the arthroscope positioned in the MA portal, attention was directed to the peripheral compartment (Figure 3). The retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery were carefully identified and preserved, with traction and controlled hip extension maintained to optimize visualization.
For hip joint‐related groin pain, the following terminology should be used to describe the diagnosis: femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS), acetabular dysplasia and/or hip instability and conditions with or without a distinct osseous morphology such as ligamentum teres pathology, labral pathology and chondral pathology. Additionally, clinicians are recommended to use the terms cam and/or pincer ‘morphology’ when describing radiological findings underlying the diagnosis FAIS.
Imaging alone cannot differentiate between those with or without symptoms. The relationship between intra‐articular hip joint morphology or pathology on imaging and the presence of groin pain remains uncertain, with cam morphology frequently visible on plain radiographs in asymptomatic individuals. Pain is associated with cam and mixed FAI morphologies, articular cartilage pathology, ligamentum teres tears and bone marrow oedema, but not with pincer morphology. Imaging studies are usually static, which does not reflect the dynamic nature of hip impingement and instability, and hence, is a major limitation of imaging. Routine screening of the hip joint in asymptomatic individuals is not warranted.
Anatomically, the lizard acetabulum is relatively shallow and lacks a round ligament (ligamentum capitis femoris), leading to reduced intrinsic joint congruence.5,29 In addition, the femoral head transitions directly into the shaft without a clearly defined femoral neck, limiting bony containment and leverage for capsular attachment.5,29 Consequently, coxofemoral stability in lizards relies primarily on the integrity of the joint capsule, extracapsular ligaments, surrounding musculature, and integument rather than on osseous constraint alone.5,8,11,14,23,24,29,31 Functionally, the femur operates as a biomechanical lever that transmits forces between the body and the substrate at oblique angles relative to its long axis.5 Locomotion involves complex 3D femoral kinematics around the oval and convex articular surface of the femoral head.5 Posterior retraction of the limb is expressed mainly in the horizontal plane, whereas ventral adduction occurs predominantly in the vertical plane.4,5
Several anatomical characteristics may predispose reptiles, and lizards in particular, to coxofemoral luxation. These include a relatively shallow acetabulum, reduced bony constraint of the femoral head and absence of round ligament.5,29 Such features may allow luxation to occur following relatively minor traumatic events, such as falls or inappropriate handling, as observed in the present case series. At the same time, these anatomical traits may complicate both closed reduction and long-term joint stability, thereby influencing treatment outcomes.
5. Arnold P, Fischer MS, Nyakatura JA. Soft tissue influence on ex vivo mobility in the hip of Iguana: comparison with in vivo movement and its bearing on joint motion of fossil sprawling tetrapods. J Anat. 2014;225(1):31–41. doi:10.1111/joa.12187
29. Snyder RC. The anatomy and function of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb in lizard locomotion. Am J Anat. 1954;95(1):1–45. doi:10.1002/aja.1000950102 30.
A T-shaped capsulotomy was performed, with one limb parallel and the other perpendicular to the acetabular rim. The ligamentum teres was excised, and the transverse acetabular ligament was incised to remove intra-articular obstacles. The iliac wing was exposed subperiosteally, and two Hohmann retractors were placed within the sciatic notch to protect surrounding neurovascular structures.
MRI can demonstrate structures such as the labrum, pulvinar, ligamentum teres, and joint capsule, making it especially valuable when radiographic findings are limited or when clinical and radiographic findings are discordant (Fig 2).
Conclusions:
In posterior dislocations, the posterior wall retains capsular attachments and the femoral head ruptures with the ligamentum teres, and osteo-cartilaginous lesions are always found on the head, which can sometimes be free or incarcerated;
Do not perform a CT scan on a dislocated hip; MRI could be particularly useful for osteo-cartilaginous lesions of the head and intra-articular fragments. In posterior dislocations, the posterior wall retains capsular attachments and the femoral head ruptures with the ligamentum teres, and osteo-cartilaginous lesions are always found on the head, which can sometimes be free or incarcerated. The acetabulum shows mirror-like lesions identical to those on the head. The surgeon's experience is important if one hopes for a good outcome. Delays in treatment revisions result in poor outcomes.
Abstract
Purpose
To determine the impact of ligamentum teres (LT) tears on the mid-term outcomes of patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy as a treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
Methods
Prospectively collected data was analyzed for patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI between 2008 and 2020. Patients were included if they had completed pre- and minimum 5-year post-operative questionnaires for the following patient-reported outcomes (PROs): Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score-Sport Scale (HOS-SSS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Patients were divided into the LT tear group and patients with no LT tears in the control group. Included hips were propensity matched based on age at surgery, sex, body mass index, labral treatment, LCEA and follow-up time. A sub-analysis compared outcomes between hips with full-thickness LT tears to control and partial tear hips.
Results
A total of 606 hips were included in the study, with 303 hips in each group. The groups had similar preoperative scores, delta of improvements and final postoperative scores for mHHS, NAHS, iHOT-12, HOS-SSS, and VAS, met clinically relevant thresholds at similar rates, with similar secondary surgeries rates. There were similar rates of meeting clinically meaningful thresholds and arthroplasty free survivorship between the LT and control groups (95.4% vs. 95.7%; p=0.87). In the sub-analysis, patients with complete LT tears reached significantly lower functional outcomes, specifically for HOS-SSS and NAHS (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Patients with FAI and LT tears who underwent hip arthroscopy demonstrated significant functional improvements and high rates of arthroplasty free survivorship, comparable to a control group without LT tears. Hips with full-thickness LT tears achieved significantly lower functional outcomes at a minimum of 5-year follow-up. Further research is warranted on the role of LT reconstruction for hips with full-thickness tears.
Abstract
Introduction
Multiple factors dictate hip joint stability including osseous anatomy, ligaments, hip capsule and musculature. Ligamentum Teres (LT) provides biomechanical, proprioceptive and nociceptive function thus potentially contributing to hip joint stability including resistance to external rotation torque. Additional soft tissue entities including capsular ligaments in particular iliofemoral ligament, and labrum contribute.
Aims
To assess the efficacy of hip instability treatment with soft tissue repair and reconstruction including LT reconstruction, Capsular plication and labral repair or reconstruction.
Materials and Methods
Prospective cohort study of patients with symptomatic hip instability who had failed previous treatment. Osseous anatomy was screening to rule out dysplasia. Patients including hypermobility spectrum were included. Null hypothesis was that soft tissue reconstruction does not make a difference to functional outcome in patients with hip instability. Patients with rupture of LT (Villar and Gray Grade-1) or incompetent LT, significant labral tear or irreparable labrum and capsular laxity of deficiency were included. Patients with Tonnis grade 2-3 osteoarthritis, center-edge angle <26 were excluded. Data were collected pre, per and post- operatively at 6,12,26 weeks and then annually. It included radiographic features, associated injuries, Beighton score, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) and visual analogue score (VAS) for satisfaction (0-10, 10=very satisfied). Single sample t-test for continuous variables was employed. Regression model was built to test for effect of co-variates. Adverse events were recorded.
Results
There were 83 patients with mean age of 35.2 years (19, 54). Mean follow-up was 60 months. There were 19 cases of LT reconstruction, 13 labral reconstruction and 47 with capsular plication and 3 cases of iliofemoral repair. The mean improvement in preoperative scores following hip arthroscopy for soft tissue related instability; mHHS from 60 to 89 (p<0.05), VAS from 5.7 (median 6) to 9 (median 9), NAHS from 62 to 88 (p<0.03)). Redo hip arthroscopy was required in 2/56. None of the patients had graft rejection, infection or conversion to hip replacement.
Conclusion
The medium term results of multiple soft tissue reconstructions addressing LT, labrum and capsular entity appear to address hip instability and results are sustained at 5 years.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the presentation, pathology, and treatment of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for hip pain resulting from pregnancy or delivery, and to provide a framework for first-line prevention and management of these patients.
A total of 15 (60%) patients showed a ligamentum teres tear, according to both Domb and Villar Classifications.
Avoiding hip dislocation while preserving the retinacular soft-tissue flap and ligamentum teres may help protect femoral head vascularity.
Interportal capsulotomy using a blade was used to access the joint. While in the joint, diagnostic arthroscopy was used to initially assess the labrum, intra‐articular cartilage, and ligamentum teres. Labral tears were classified using the Seldes classification system. 33 Femoral‐head chondral pathologies were noted with the acetabular labrum articular disruption and outerbridge classifications. Tears of the ligamentum teres were defined using the Domb and Villar classifications. 34
Ligamentum teres tears were treated with debridement.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bony avulsion at the acetabular insertion of the ligamentum teres is rare in children and may be mistaken for a loose body. Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy had persistent left hip pain and restricted motion after a road-traffic accident without documented dislocation. Radiographs suggested acetabular injury, prompting computed tomography (CT), which showed inferior acetabular irregularity and an intra-articular fragment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), obtained to assess associated soft-tissue injury, showed effusion and periarticular edema but did not establish the fragment’s attachment. Arthroscopy identified a 15 ×10 mm notch-adjacent osseous fragment tethered to the ligamentum teres, with an intact femoral insertion and separate labral and chondral lesions. The fragment was excised because reliable arthroscopic fixation was not considered feasible under the operative conditions. After traction release, passive examination showed maintained concentric reduction without gross instability. At approximately 5 years, the modified Harris Hip Score was 100/100, pain was absent, and the patient had returned to sports; no contemporary imaging was available. Discussion: Arthroscopy distinguished a ligament-attached insertion avulsion from a free loose body. Previous excision reports provide a precedent, not comparative evidence favoring excision over fixation. Conclusions: Arthroscopy clarified the injury when imaging was indeterminate. The favorable outcome is limited to clinical and functional recovery, not long-term structural preservation.
4. Conclusions
An osseous fragment near the acetabular notch may represent a ligamentum teres insertion avulsion rather than a free loose body, even without documented hip dislocation. In this symptomatic patient, arthroscopy clarified the fragment’s attachment and associated injuries. Excision was followed by maintained intraoperative congruity and a favorable approximately 5-year clinical and functional outcome. This result does not establish superiority over fixation or exclude late structural sequelae.
Closed reduction was completed when a stable, concentricreduction could be achieved; medial open reduction wasperformed when soft-tissue obstruction, including aninverted limbus, hypertrophied ligamentum teres, transverseacetabular ligament tightness, or pulvinar tissue, preventedadequate closed reduction.
Two competing mechanisms remain biologically plausible.In closed reduction, soft-tissue obstacles—hypertrophiedlimbus, ligamentum teres, transverse acetabular ligament,and pulvinar tissue—are not removed and may compressthe femoral head against the acetabulum when the hipis forced into position. In medial open reduction, theseobstacles are excised, but the dissection itself may injurethe medial circumflex femoral vessels.
Background
Accurate preoperative characterization of intraarticular abnormalities is important when planning hip-preserving surgery in young, active patients. Lesions of the ligamentum teres and the associated acetabular fossa and fovea capitis (forming the ligamentous-fossa-foveolar complex [LFFC]) are frequently observed intraoperatively, although their relationship with hip pain in patients without osteoarthritis remains uncertain. These lesions have received limited attention in preoperative imaging.
Results
Intraobserver reliability ICCs ranged from 0.54 to 0.69 for ligamentum teres lesions, 0.21 to 0.64 for fossa lesions, and 0.30 to 0.64 for fovea lesions. Interobserver reproducibility ranged from 0.71 to 0.84 for fossa lesions, 0.73 to 0.77 for fovea lesions, and 0.78 to 0.79 for ligamentum teres lesions. Traction MR arthrography demonstrated limited diagnostic performance for lesion detection. The sensitivity was 86% for ligamentum teres lesions, 79% for fossa lesions, and 75% for fovea lesions, whereas specificity was low at 32%, 52%, and 50%, respectively. Overall accuracy ranged from 54% to 67%.
Conclusion
In this cohort of patients undergoing surgical hip dislocation, contrast-enhanced traction MR arthrography demonstrated limited ability to detect and grade lesions of the LFFC preoperatively. Future prospective studies using standardized imaging protocols are needed to determine whether diagnostic performance can be improved.
Femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) was performed using a craniolateral approach to the coxo-femoral joint [15]. Following exposure of the joint and incision of the joint capsule, the ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum teres) was identified and transected, allowing removal of the femoral head from the acetabulum.
Surgical technique
A Watson-Jones anterolateral approach was used. First the patients underwent a closed adductor tenotomy, which immediately increased the hip abduction from a baseline of 10–15° to 35–40°. The deformed femoral head was resected while preserving the ligamentum teres; a subtrochanteric valgus osteotomy (wedge angle 40–45°), performed under fluoroscopic guidance, positioned the lesser trochanter at the base of the acetabulum.
Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the association between ligamentum teres thickness measured on hip MRI and lateral femoral head extrusion in patients with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease and to assess the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of these measurements.
Materials and methods
This retrospective study included pelvic radiographs and hip MRI examinations of patients with Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease. Femoral head extrusion was assessed on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs using the Reimers migration index, which served as the reference standard. Two musculoskeletal radiologists independently measured ligamentum teres thickness on MRI in the mediolateral and anteroposterior planes and performed qualitative assessment of ligament morphology. Intra- and interobserver agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa statistics.
Results
Sixty-four hips from 58 patients (mean age, 13.4 years) were included; femoral head extrusion was present in 24 hips (37.5%). Mediolateral ligamentum teres thickness showed excellent intraobserver and good interobserver reproducibility and was significantly greater in hips with extrusion than in those without extrusion (mean, 5.03 mm vs 3.80 mm; p = 0.008). Mediolateral thickness correlated positively with the migration index (ρ = 0.30, p = 0.016). Age was not significantly associated with ligamentum teres thickness or migration index values, and the association between mediolateral thickness and extrusion remained significant after adjustment for age (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14–2.28; p = 0.007). No significant associations were observed for anteroposterior thickness or qualitative ligament morphology.
Conclusion
In Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease, increased mediolateral ligamentum teres thickness on MRI is associated with lateral femoral head extrusion and may represent a reproducible imaging parameter.
About the Book
Before you is the final medical record compiled by the author over a professional career as an orthopaedic surgeon. This work outlines information regarding a patient who sustained a hip joint injury in the Middle Bronze Age. The source material is extracted from the Book of Genesis and cross-referenced with facts from history, archaeology, natural science, and medicine past and present.
...
The author's analysis of the aforementioned data and retrospective diagnosis invite specialists to evaluate the plausibility of the identified nosologies, medical hypotheses, and hyperboles. Expert review will complement existing understanding regarding the evolution of diseases and therapeutic techniques, enhance respect for the intellectual heritage of ancient Egyptian civilization, and help novice medical professionals develop clinical reasoning—ultimately assisting in solving the highly complex problem of ligament of the head of femur reconstruction, which has remained relevant for over three millennia.
Author:
Arkhipov S.V. – candidate of medical sciences, surgeon, traumatologist-orthopedist.
Keywords
ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, history .
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