Homo antecessor. Hip disarticulation

HOMO ANTECESSOR. Hip disarticulation

Postmortem separation of the leg from the pelvis in individuals of own species was performed by our evolutionary predecessors. In particular, this was done in the Homo antecessor community, which practiced cannibalism (2003TuttC). Ferna Y. et al. (1999) described evidence of intentional crushing of the femur diaphysis in a young individual (ATD6-76), presumably to extract bone marrow. The bone retained traces of not only several impacts by a striker, but also of an anvil on which the bone lay. The age of the said find in the Gran Dolina cave (Spain) is estimated at about 780 thousand years (1999FernaY_RosellJ).

The above features indicate that the femur was initially separated from the soft tissues. In the second stage, the butcher had to use a stone tool to cut the muscles and strong external ligaments of the hip joint. In the next stage, he tore, or perhaps cut off, the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) to mobilize the hip and further manipulate it.

Homo antecessor
Author: Mauricio Antón; image source: prehistoric-wiki.fandom.com collection (CC-BY-SA license, no changes).

Homo antecessor colonized the Iberian Peninsula 1200-800 Kya (2015MorenoD_ArsuagaJL). Therefore, the skill of hip arthrotomy in hominids could have appeared more than 780 Kya (2001CarreteroJ_ArsuagaJL). It must be assumed that from this period human ancestors learned about the presence of LCF in their hip joint. Hominids observed LCF in animals when cutting up carcasses. The cutting was done with stone hand axes and blades. The oldest stone tools, 3.3 million years old, were discovered in Kenya (2015HarmandS_RocheH). Stone tools from Kenya with signs of wear, implying the processing of plant and animal tissues by hominins, are dated to the interval of 3.03-2.58 Ma (2023PlummerTW_PottsR).

Thus, knowledge of LCF in animals is more than three million years old. This information is contemporary with the genus Homo itself, which formed between 4.30 and 2.56 Ma (2021PüschelHP_PüschelTA).

References

Tutt C. Cannibalism among fossil hominids: Is there archaeological evidence?. The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology. 2003;11(1). [ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php]

Ferna Y, Dı JC, Ca I, Rosell J. Human cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Journal of human evolution. 1999;37(3-4)591-622. [academia.edu]

Moreno D, Falgueres C, Pérez-González A, Voinchet P, Ghaleb B, Despriée J, ... Arsuaga JL. New radiometric dates on the lowest stratigraphical section (TD1 to TD6) of Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca, Spain). Quaternary Geochronology. 2015;30В:535-40. [daviniamoreno.com]

Carretero J, Lorenzo C, Arsuaga JL. Restes post-craniens du niveau TD6 du site en grotte du Pleistocene inferieur de Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Espagne. L'Anthropologie. 2001;105(2)179-201. [sciencedirect.com]

Harmand S, Lewis JE, Feibel CS, Lepre CJ, Prat S, Lenoble A, ... Roche H. 3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya. Nature. 2015;521(7552)310-5. [nature.com]

Plummer TW, Oliver JS, Finestone EM, … Potts R. Expanded geographic distribution and dietary strategies of the earliest Oldowan hominins and Paranthropus. Science. 2023;379(6632)561-6. [researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk]

Divergence-time estimates for hominins provide insight into encephalization and body mass trends in human evolution. Nature ecology & evolution. 2021;5(6)808-19. [nature.com]

Keywords

ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, doctrine, homo antecessor, disarticulation

The original text in Russian is available at the link: Homo antecessor. Экзартикуляция бедра

NB! Fair practice / use: copied for the purposes of criticism, review, comment, research and private study in accordance with Copyright Laws of the US: 17 U.S.C. §107; Copyright Law of the EU: Dir. 2001/29/EC, art.5/3a,d; Copyright Law of the RU: ГК РФ ст.1274/1.1-2,7

BLOG CONTENT

999–10 Kya

Comments

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THE DOCTRINE OF ligamentum capitis femoris: An Instrument of Knowledge and Innovation. Definition: A set of theoretical provisions on all aspects of knowledge about the anatomical element ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). 1. Structure of the Doctrine of LCF 2. Practical Application of the Doctrine of LCF : 2.1. Diagnostics 2.1. Prevention 2.3. Prognosis 2.4. Pathology 2.5. Veterinary 2.6. Professions 2.7. Products 2.8. Surgery 3. Theory of LCF Mechanics 4. The Base of the Doctrine of LCF 5. Stairway to the Past or History of the Doctrine of LCF 6. Ultimate Depth of Researches 7. Appendices 7.1. Acceptable Synonyms Structure of the Doctrine of ligamentum capitis femoris . E a R T ...

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

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13c.Soligalich

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CRITICAL MASS OF CONSENSUS

Online version from 07/03/2025 Critical mass of consensus: Opinions on the importance of ligamentum capitis femoris (XX-XXI century) Arkhipov S . V. Content [i] Abstract [ii] Opinions [iii] Authors & Affiliations [iv] References [v] Appendices [i] Abstract This evolving article collects views on the importance of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) to the musculoskeletal system. Our collection aims to highlight the emerging fundamental shift in the current consensus in the orthopaedic and musculoskeletal research communities regarding the meaning of LCF. Here the convinced convince others. Ultimately, this once-unconventional idea will become established knowledge, enabling a transformation in clinicians’ thinking and in approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hip joint pathologies. [ii] Opinions 2025 «The LT [LCF] works as a secondary static stabilizer of the hip by acting as a sling to preven...

Main Scheme

Interaction of ligaments of the hip joint and muscles during single-leg support BLOG CONTENT IMAGES AND VIDEOS

LCF in 2025 (May)

LCF in 2025 (May): Quotes from articles and books published in May 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris. Teytelbaum, D. E., Bijanki, V., Samuel, S. P., Silva, S., Israel, H., & van Bosse, H. J. Does Open Reduction of Arthrogrypotic Hips Cause Stiffness?. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 10-1097. DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000002940 [i] journals.lww.com SANTORI, N., & TECCE, S. M. (2025). FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ARTHROSCOPY FOR HIP TRAUMA. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 136-143. [ii] books.google RANDELLI, F. (2025). ARTHROSCOPIC FREE-BODY REMOVAL AFTER DISLOCATION OR AFTER BULLET/BOMB. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 1-11. [iii] books.google APRATO, A. (2025). ARTHROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR FEMORAL HEAD FRACTURE REDUCTION AND FIXATION. Advancements of Hip Arthroscopy in Trauma , 38. [iv] books.google Brinkman, J. C., & Hartigan, D. E. (2025). Indications f...

INFERIOR PORTAL FOR HIP ARTHROSCOPY

Combined PDF version of the article: Arkhipov SV. Arkhipov SV. Inferior Portal for Hip A rthroscopy: A Pilot Experimental Study. This page contains a photocopy of the publication. The links for downloading the PDF version and the addresses of the online versions are given below. The original in Russian is available at the link: Нижний портал для артроскопии тазобедренного сустава .

Inferior Portal. Part 2.

Original in Russian is available at the link: Нижний портал. Часть 2. below is a machine translation edited by a non-native speaker. INFERIOR PORTAL FOR HIP ARTHROSCOPY: A PILOT STUDY PART 2. Inferior Portal Prototypes Arkhipov S.V., Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENTS PART 1. Background and Hypothesis [1] . Introduction [2] . Passage through the Inferior Portal [3] . Main Advantages of the Proposed Technique [4] . Specific Risks of the Proposed Technique [5] . Main Limitations of the Proposed Technique [6] . References (Part 1) PART 2. Inferior Portal Prototypes [7] . Open Reduction [8] . Puncture and Arthrography [9] . Arthroscopy and Debridement [10] . References (Part 2) [7] . Open R eduction Our idea to reduce the trauma of hip joint surgery through an inferior approach has a rich history. In the spring of 1907, Professor Karl Rudolf Ludloff (1864-1945, photo )...

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Article Announcement: «The Book of Bereshit as a Great Compilation of Texts and Meanings from the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt: A Pilot Culturological, Medical, Archaeological, and Textological Examination of the Legends versus Traditional Attribution» By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD Joensuu, Finland Abstract The Book of Bereshit (Genes is) was composed in Egypt during the 17th century BCE and reached its definitive protographic form following the Minoan eruption of Thera . This study argues that the work was a collaborative effort between an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist and an outstanding scribe of Asiatic origin, operating within a sophisticated administrative and scientific framework. By analyzing anatomical descriptions, Bronze Age economic data, and climatic markers, this paper demonstrates that the text originated as a high-level socio-political commission within the Egyptian House of Life. Keywords Genesis Protograph, Bereshi...

LCF in 2026 (January)

L CF in 2026 ( January ) (Quotes from articles and books published in January 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Villegas Meza, A. D., Nocek, M., Felan, N. A., Speshock, A., Bolia, I. K., & Philippon, M. J. (2025). Hip Microinstability: Current Concepts in Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Outcomes A Narrative Review. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine , 205-221. [i] tandfonline.com , dovepress.com Wang, C. H., Wang, J. H., Lin, Y. H., Shih, C. A., & Hong, C. K. (2026). An Unusual Mechanical Cause of Hip Subluxation Following Modified Dunn Procedure for Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Case Report. Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders , 10-4103. [ii] journals.lww.com Alsaghaier, A. (2026). Results of spica cast in treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in children between 6-18 Months. Journal of Academic Research , 30 , 28-43. [...

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