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The First Publication on Prevention

 

In our opinion, the first publication on the topic of preventing of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury is the abstract of the report: “Arkhipov-Baltiysky SV. On increasing the safety of jumping from heights. Abstracts of reports of the All-Russian Conference ... “Trauma in peacetime and war” (Anapa, 2005).” This text not only holds historical significance but remains relevant for sports, armed forces, circus performers, and other extreme activities.

The online version of «О безопасности прыжков с высоты» (On the Safety of High-Altitude Jumps) was published in 2005 on the website «Морфомеханика» www.enet.ru/~archipov/ (no longer supported, archived copy), specifically in the section «Архив публикация автора» (Archive publications of the author).

Translation of the original text from Russian:

On Increasing the Safety of Jumping from Heights

S.V. Arkhipov-Baltiysky

In modern military operations and counter-terrorism activities, personnel of the armed forces and special units often have to jump from high altitudes or with a parachute. Increasing their safety will make it possible to effectively use the physical potential of personnel and maintain their combat effectiveness for a long time. 

To identify factors that may lead to damage to the hip joint and disrupt its normal functioning during jumps, we conducted experimental studies on a planar model of the hip joint. Contours of the pelvis and the proximal part of the femur were copied onto rigid cardboard and then separately cut out. The centers of the acetabulum and femoral head images were aligned and fixed with a needle. The contour of the acetabular fossa and the bottom of the femoral head fossa were connected with a thin nylon thread, simulating the LCF restricting the movement of the femoral head. 

The model simulated rotational movements in the hip joint in the frontal plane – adduction and abduction, as well as possible translational movements after removing the axis of rotation. It was observed that the LCF could limit adduction to an angle of about 30º, closing the knot of mobility, characteristic of a single-support orthostatic posture. In the position of maximum adduction, the head could not be displaced cranially, as it was pressed against the lower sector of the acetabular fossa model, thus 'unloading' the upper sector of the facies lunata acetabuli, preventing the displacement of the femoral head upwards. 

Accordingly, jumping from a height onto one leg with forced hip adduction can cause a rupture of the LCF. The consequence of this circumstance is a significant disruption of walking mechanics, an increase in its energy efficiency, overloading of the upper sections of joint surfaces, gradual wear, and the development of osteoarthritis or 'aseptic necrosis' of the femoral head. Prevention of the described pathology involves performing high-altitude jumps exclusively with support on two legs.

Keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, injury, prevention 

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In translating to English, the author is assisted by ChatGPT (version 3.5) and the Google Translate service.

If you notice an error, please let us know!

Original text in Russian:

О ПОВЫШЕНИИ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРЫЖКОВ С ВЫСОТЫ

АРХИПОВ-БАЛТИЙСКИЙ С.В.

Полесская центральная районная больница, Полесск, Калининградская область, Россия

В современных боевых действиях и антитеррористических операциях личному составу вооруженных сил и специальных подразделений зачастую приходится совершать прыжки с большой высоты или с парашютом. Повышение их безопасности позволит эффективно использовать физический потенциал личного состава и сохранять его боеспособность длительное время.

Для уточнения факторов способных привести к повреждению тазобедренного сустава и нарушить его нормальное функционирование при прыжке, нами проведены экспериментальные исследования на плоскостной модели тазобедренного сустава. На жесткий картон скопированы, а затем раздельно вырезаны контуры таза и проксимального отдела бедра. Центры изображения вертлужной впадины и головки бедра совмещены и сколоты иглой. Контур ямки головки бедренной кости и дна ямки вертлужной впадины соединены тонкой капроновой нитью, имитирующей связку головки бедра. На модели было смоделированы вращательные движения в тазобедренном суставе во фронтальной плоскости – приведение и отведение, а также возможные поступательные движения после удаления оси вращения.

Отмечено, что связка головки бедра способна ограничить приведение до угла около 30º, замыкая узел подвижности, что характерно для одноопорной ортостатической позы. В положении максимального приведения головку невозможно было сместить в краниальном направлении, так как она оказывалась прижатой к нижнему сектору модели вертлужной впадины. Тем самым, связка головки бедра как бы, «разгружала» верхний сектор полулунной поверхности, препятствуя смещению головки бедра вверх.

Соответственно, прыжок с высоты на одну ногу с форсированным приведением бедра может обусловить разрыв связки головки бедра. Следствием этого обстоятельства является существенное нарушение механики ходьбы, повышение ее энергоемкости, происходит перегрузка верхних отделов суставных поверхностей, постепенное их истирание, с развитием артроза или «асептического некроза» головки бедра. Профилактикой описанной патологии является выполнение прыжков с высоты исключительно на обе ноги.

Publication:

Архипов-Балтийский СВ. О повышении безопасности прыжков с высоты. Тезисы докладов Всероссийской конференции с участием стран СНГ, посвященной 60-летию Победы Советской медицины в Великой Отечественной войне 1941-1945 гг. «Травмы мирного и военного времени» (Анапа, 2005). Анапа, 2005. 

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PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION


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