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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

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Catalog. LCF of Extinct Species

Discussion of the LCF and morphological signs of its existence in extinct species. Funston, G. F. (2024). Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlae011. [ academic.oup.com ] Hafed, A. B., Koretsky, I. A., Nance, J. R., Koper, L., & Rahmat, S. J. (2024). New Neogene fossil phocid postcranial material from the Atlantic (USA). Historical Biology, 1-20. [ tandfonline.com ] Kuznetsov, A. N., & Sennikov, A. G. (2000). On the function of a perforated acetabulum in archosaurs and birds. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL, 34(4), 439-448. [ researchgate.net ] Romer, A. S. (1922). The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 46, article 10. [ digitallibrary.amnh.org , digitallibrary.amnh.org(PDF) ] Słowiak, J., Brusatte, S. L., & Szczygielski, T. (2024). Reassessment of the enigmati...

LCF in 2025 (November)

LCF in 2025 ( November ) (Quotes from articles and books published in October 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Awad, A., Rizk, A., ElAlfy, M., Hamed, M., Abdelghany, A. M., Mosbah, E., ... & Karrouf, G. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Platelet Rich Fibrin on Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis Repair in a Rat Model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials , 113 (11), e35672. [i] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Loughzail, M. R., Aguenaou, O., Fekhaoui, M. R., Mekkaoui, J., Bassir, R. A., Boufettal, M., ... & Lamrani, M. O. (2025). Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Sch J Med Case Rep , 10 , 2483-2486. [ii] saspublishers.com , saspublishers.com Vertesich, K., Noebauer-Huhmann, I. M., Schreiner, M., Schneider, E., Willegger,...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion and Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

1996(r)ArkhipovSV

METHOD OF PELVIS OSTEOTOMY (Способ остеотомии таза) Patent Application RU96120699A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96120699/14A events 1996-10-01 Application filed by С . В . Архипов 1999-01-20 Publication of RU96120699A Claims The method of pelvic osteotomy by complete intersection of the ilium above the capsule and acetabulum, characterized in that after arthrotomy of the hip joint the hip bones additionally intersect in front and behind the acetabulum, as well as above it between the capsule and limb, with the displacement of the formed intermediate fragment laterally and osteosynthesis fragments, in addition, plastic or prosthetics of the ligament of the femoral head can be performed, and an osteograft can be fixed over the intermediate fragment. Description of the invention Description in Russian is available at the link: 1996(r) АрхиповСВ (the blog has a translation function)....

1996(d)ArkhipovSV

The endoprosthesis of the femoral head ( Эндопротез головки бедренной кости ) Patent Application RU96118782A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96118782/14A events 1996-09-20 Application filed by С.В. Архипов 1998-12-27 Publication of RU96118782A Claims The endoprosthesis of the femoral head, comprising a head connected to the intraosseous rod, characterized in that the head is formed as a hollow spherical segment, is provided with a through hole, and intramedullary rod has a longitudinal bore there through and the stiffeners, and connected to lateral extramedullary plate provided with through-cone holes which set screws with conical head connected to the extramedullary medial plate, and through the die opening intraosseous rod channel omitted flexible member of dynes end connected to the extramedullary lateral plate and the other with a fastening member. Description of the invention Description in Russian is...

1190Rambam

Fragment from the book Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed (1190). The treatise is philosophical work and an explanation of the Biblical account of creation, was written in Egypt ( sefaria.org ). The author mentions a variant of the pathology ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF, גיד) in humans. See our commentary at the link: 1190Rambam [Rus]. Quote. [Heb] Part 3.48:6 «:וטעם 'גיד הנשה' כתוב» (original source: sefaria.org ). Translation Quote. [Eng] Part 3, Chapter 48.6 The reason why the sinew that shrank is prohibited is stated in the Law (Gen. xxxii.33). (trans. M. Friedländer ; original source: 1956MaimonidesM, p. 371) External links Rambam . Guide for the Perplexed. Egypt, 1190. [ sefaria.org ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. [1904] [ sacred-texts.com ] Maimonides M. The Guide for the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides. Transl. M. Friedländer London: G. Routledge & Sons...

1527BenedettiA

Fragment from the book Benedetti A. Anatomice siue historia corporis humani (1527). The author explains the origin of the rare synonym of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) – ischion. Quote. Liber V. De femine et eius prolapsu. Cap. XXXI Sinus coxae à graecis cotylae, à nostris acetabula dicuntur, quae hos sinus complent circa quae uersurae siunt, coxendices uocatur, à graecis ischia, à quib ischiadici dicti sunt, qui coxedice laborant. Nam et neruus quo coxendix acetabulo comittitur, ischion quoqʒ dicitur. Translation [Eng] Book V. On the Hip and Its Prolapse. Chapter XXXI. The pelvic sinuses are called cups (cotylae) by the Greeks, and in these sinuses, we have an inkwell (acetabula). The region around which the movements take place is called the coxendices (hip joint), by the Greeks the sciatic (ischia), from which the term ischiadici (related to the hip) comes for those suffering from hip issues. And the sinew/nerve (neruus) which connects the hip (coxendix) to the ...

1836-1840PartridgeR

«Prof. Partridge in his lectures on anatomy at King's College was accustomed to compare the Ligamentum Teres, in its function, to the leathern straps by which the body of a carriage is suspended on springs » ( 1874SavoryWS ). Perhaps Nikolai Pirogov listened to these lectures ( 1859PirogoffN ). The analogy that Richard Partridge used could have arisen after reading the monograph Bell J. The Principles of Surgery (1801) . In it, the author depicted a cart and a pelvis resting on the head of one and two femurs. However, there is no mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in the chart descriptions. References Savory WS. On the use of the ligamentum teres of the hip joint. J Anat Physiol. 1874;8(2)291-6. [ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov , archive.org ] Pirogoff N. Anatome topographica sectionibus per corpus humanum congelatum triplici directione ductus illustrate. Petropoli: Typis Jacobi Trey, 1859. [ books.google , archive.org ] ...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 15

Short retelling of chapter 15 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 15. EXODUS FROM HARAN Jacob thrives as a shepherd in Haran, amassing wealth while his father-in-law, Laban, grows poorer. Sensing Laban’s growing resentment, Jacob foresees trouble and flees with his family, livestock, and possessions, aiming for “the land of Canaan.” His caravan crosses a river—likely the Euphrates—and heads toward “Mount Gilead.” Genesis doesn’t specify the journey’s duration, but ten days later, Laban overtakes Jacob at Gilead. Here, it’s revealed Jacob labored 20 years in Haran: 14 for his wives, Leah and Rachel, and six under a later deal for livestock. At Mount Gilead, the families reconcile, sealing peace with a monument—a rock pillar encircled by stones—named “Jegar-Sahadutha,” “Galeed,” and “Mizpah.” Laban returns home, and Jacob presses on to “Mahanaim.” ...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 16

Short retelling of chapter 16 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 16. The Archive of Joseph The saga of Joseph, a towering figure in the Book of Genesis, begins in Harran (36°52'16"N, 39°01'31"E), where he is born to Rachel, the second wife of Patriarch Jacob. As a young child, he leaves Paddan-Aram in northern Mesopotamia with his family, eventually settling in the Canaanite valley of Hebron. The journey through Western Asia’s rugged terrain leaves vivid impressions—of camel caravans, river crossings, and a final glimpse of his grandfather Laban on Gilead’s heights. By seven, Joseph is in Canaan, a land of contrasts to Harran’s plains. At seventeen, his life takes a dark turn. His brothers, envious of Jacob’s favoritism—symbolized by a vibrant, multicolored robe—sell him into Egyptian slavery. In Egypt, Joseph’s fortunes shift d...

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