ABOUT THE PROJECT

The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning.

The creation of blog articles we are guided by a scientific approach, involving references to primary sources and verified information. Unlike conventional journal publications, our works imply constant updates. This is because the study of LCF continues to this day, despite its beginning was in Mesopotamia 2000-1600 years before the common era. New facts can not only complement previously written material but also influence conclusions. We advocate for the continuous improvement of the style and form of articles, their correction, expansion, and fragmentation. Such dynamic interactive works, in our view, are a requirement of modern natural science and may soon become a standard. Each blog page has a comments section, providing an opportunity to express opinions. It is expected that specialists knowledgeable in the subject will make use of this. Exchanging views will enhance the exploration of the topic and encourage participants in the discussion to conduct their own research. Questions and critical remarks to the author are welcomed!

With sincere respect to you,

Sergey Arkhipov

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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

Блог посвящен связке головки бедра, на латинском языке именуемой ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). По нашему мнению, это важный элемент тазобедренного сустава, который обнаруживается у подавляющего числа позвоночных, включая человека. Данная анатомическая структура значима для функционирования не только нижней конечности, но всей опорно-двигательной системы. LCF задействована при ходьбе и участвует в поддержании отдельных вертикальных поз. Она соединяет таз и бедро, ограничивает движения, а также перераспределяет нагрузку в тазобедренной области. Дисфункция, дислокация мест крепления и патологические изменения LCF – начальные звенья патогенеза коксартроза, дисплазии тазобедренного сустава, врожденного вывиха бедра, асептического некроза и остеохондропатии головки бедренной кости. Предотвратить или прервать развитие этих инвалидизирующих заболеваний могло бы успешное терапевтическое и хирургическое лечение патологии LCF с нормализацией ее функционирования.

При создании статей блога главенствует научный подход, предполагающий ссылки на первоисточники и проверенные сведения. В отличие от общепринятых журнальных публикаций, наши работы подразумевают обновление. Это обусловлено тем, что изучение LCF продолжается до сих пор, несмотря на то, что началось еще в Месопотамии 2000-1600 лет до современной эры. Новые факты способны не только дополнить ранее написанный материал, но и повлиять на выводы. Мы сторонники постоянного улучшения стиля и формы статей, их исправления, увеличения и фрагментации. Подобные динамические интерактивные работы, с нашей точки зрения, – требование современного естествознания и, вероятно, скоро будут стандартом. На каждой странице блога существует раздел комментариев, где представляется возможность высказать мнение. Думается, что этим воспользуются специалисты, сведущие в теме. Обмен суждениями позволит лучше раскрыть тему и будет стимулировать участников дискуссии к собственным исследованиям. Вопросы и критические замечания автору приветствуется!

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1802PalmeraniÁ

Palmerani Á , drawing Jacob wrestling with the angel (1802 ). Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Ja cob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not prevail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Ángel Palmerani – Jacob Wrestling with the Angel ( 1802); original in the a...

Homo floresiensis

HOMO FLORESIENSIS Homo floresiensis lived on the island of Flores (Indonesia) 190-50 Kya (2016SutiknaT_RobertsRG). The ancestor of this species is «suspected» to be the Asian subtype Homo erectus, which arrived from the mainland about 800 Kya (2009LyrasGA_DeVosJ). The anatomy of Homo floresiensis is less similar to Homo habilis (2008Gordon_WoodB). Homo floresiensis Author: Cicero Moraes et al. (Arc-Team) ; source: wikimedia.org collection (license CC BY 4.0, no changes). Among the discovered remains of a female Homo floresiensis ( humanorigins . si . edu ) there is a relatively well-preserved left pelvic bone (LB1/7). It has a « typically human » acetabulum (2009JungersWL_DjubiantonoT:Fig.3). The acetabulum has a complete fusion of the three bones that form it and is not hypoplastic (2012BrownP:Fig.4). The acetabular fossa is rounded and deep, continuing downwards and forwards as a wide acetabular notch. This area is the site of attachment and func...

1934BökerH

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original in German [iii] Illustrations [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Fragments from the article: Böker H. Die Bedeutung des Ligamentum teres femoris (1934). The author discusses the attachment, role and movement of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). At this point, we have only fragments of this remarkable work. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1934BökerH . [ii] Original in German «In einer Untersuchung über die Bedeutung des Ligamentum teres femoris zeigt Böker, daß der Bewegungsraum dieses „Bandes“ mit dem Ausdehnungsbereich der Fossa acetabuli übereinstimmt.» (1939 NauckET ) . Einzig Böker [1] beschrie 1934 In einem Artikel Ober die Bedeutung des Ligamentum teres femoris die normale Stellung der Fovea in Relation zur Fossa acetabul. Er stellt fest, dass die...

LCF in 2026 (September)

LCF in 2026 (September ) (Quotes from articles and books published in September 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Goetz, J. E., Hockman, J., & Willey, M. C. (2026). Rabbit models of hip dysplasia: a narrative review. Laboratory animal research , 42 (1), 32. [i] link.springer.com Kahana-Rojkind, A. H., Strok, M. J., Walsh, E. G., Quesada-Jimenez, R., Kuhns, B. D., & Domb, B. G. (2026). Factors Associated With Return to Sport at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up in Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Capsular Plication. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine , 14 (9), 23259671261451218. [ii] journals.sagepub.com Stanard, I., Almhanna, H., Al-Mahmodi, A. M. M., Kilroy, D., & Kumar, A. H. (2026). Comparative Analysis of Vascular Density in the Femoral Head Ligament of the Dog, Sheep, and Goat. [iii] oajr.org , researchgate.net Hirt, J., Roshardt, ...

1785SandifortE

Fragments from the book Sandifort E. Descriptio ossium hominis. (1785). The author briefly writes about the attachment of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Quote p. 104 [Lat] Os ischium… … Qua spectat pelvim (a) os ischion æquabile est, modice cavatum, ab exteriore profunde sinuatum (b). Sinus hic, quem acetabulum vocant, maximus, sere rotundus, est, dividique potest in partes duas, alteram semilunarem quodammodo, cartilagine tectam (c), hinc æquabilem, alteram altius excavatam, asperam (d), glandulæ muciparæ sedem præbentem, & educentem ligamentum teres, quod capiti ossis femoris infigitur (e). … Quote p. 108-109 [Lat] Femoris os … … Caput magnum, globosum, cartilagine lævi incrustatum, oblique positum (b), id est, sursum introrsumque tendens, magnitudine & figura cum acetabulo (i) congruens, intra illud admittitur, illique alligatur per ligamentum teres, quod firmiter adhæret ab altera parte acetabulo, ab altera sinui profundo, inæquabili, qui in dicto capite est (k...

The First Animals

THE FIRST ANIMALS According to molecular clock data, the separation of the Animal Kingdom from the Plant Kingdom occurred 1609±60 Ma (2004HedgesSB_ShoeJL). Molecular estimates indicate that the last common ancestor of multicellular representatives of the fauna (Metazoa) was Neoproterozoic, most likely younger than 800 million years (2015PisaniD_LiuAG). Biomarkers of metazoan living systems identified in sedimentary deposits indicate their presence in the seas since the Cryogenian period (2018ZumbergeJA_SummonsRE), which began around approximately 720 Ma (2023CohenKM_CarN). Multicellular animals were part of early Ediacaran ecosystems and are found below layers dated to 632.5 ± 0.5 Ma (2007Yin_LHuJ). The oldest fossil of a multicellular organism resembling a sponge (Porifera) is about 600 Ma (2015YinZ_TafforeauP). The last Neoproterozoic glaciation (about 582 Ma) coincides with the appearance of complex organisms in the fossil record (2007BowringSA_AllenPA). Ev...

LCF in 2025 (December)

LCF in 2025 ( December) (Quotes from articles and books published in December 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Sarassa, C., Aristizabal, S., Mejía, R., García, J. J., Quintero, D., & Herrera, A. M. (2025). Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 10-1097. [i] journals.lww.com Kampouridis, P., Svorligkou, G., Spassov, N., & Böhme, M. (2025). Postcranial anatomy of the Late Miocene Eurasian hornless rhinocerotid Chilotherium. PLoS One , 20 (12), e0336590. [ii] journals.plos.org Burdette, T. N., Hsiou, C. L., McDonough, S. P., Pell, S., Ayers, J., Divers, T. J., & Delvescovo, B. Sidewinder syndrome associated with complete rupture of the ligamentum capitis ossis femoris in a horse. Eq...

LCF in 2025 (November)

LCF in 2025 ( November ) (Quotes from articles and books published in November 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Awad, A., Rizk, A., ElAlfy, M., Hamed, M., Abdelghany, A. M., Mosbah, E., ... & Karrouf, G. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Platelet Rich Fibrin on Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis Repair in a Rat Model. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials , 113 (11), e35672. [i] onlinelibrary.wiley.com Loughzail, M. R., Aguenaou, O., Fekhaoui, M. R., Mekkaoui, J., Bassir, R. A., Boufettal, M., ... & Lamrani, M. O. (2025). Posterior Fracture–Dislocation of the Femoral Head: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Sch J Med Case Rep , 10 , 2483-2486. [ii] saspublishers.com , saspublishers.com Vertesich, K., Noebauer-Huhmann, I. M., Schreiner, M., Schneider, E., Willegger...

Human Children. Retelling of Chapter 10

Short retelling of chapter 10 of the essay: Arkhipov S.V. Human Children: The Origins of Biblical Legends from a Physician's Perspective. Joensuu: Author's Edition, 2025. [In Russian] Chapter 10. THE ARK AND THE CAVE The Book of Genesis does not specify where Noah lived before the flood, but it is plausible his home was in the "land of Nod." To save his family and terrestrial animals, Noah builds an ark measuring "three hundred cubits" long, "fifty cubits" wide, and "thirty cubits" high, coated with pitch inside and out. The vessel has three decks, a pyramidal roof, a side door, and a window, likely at the top. Noah loads his wife, three sons with their wives, and representatives of birds, reptiles, and "clean and unclean cattle." The text lists some "passengers": Noah’s sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and mentions "beasts," "cattle," "creeping things," "flying creatures,"...

1899ParsonsFG

An excerpt from the article by Parsons FG. The joints of mammals compared with those of man: a course of lectures delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England (1899, pp. 301-306). The paper discusses the anatomy and presence of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in different animals. The author found in an experiment that in kangaroos, the LCF was stretched during hip extension. Below we publish an excerpt from the abstract and a critique of the lecture in the Lancet. THEJOINTS OF MAMMALS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF MAN: A COUBSE OF LECTURES DELIVERED AT THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND. By F. G. PARSONS, F.R.C.S., late Hunterian Professor. PART II.-JOINTS OF THE HIND LIMB. THE HIP JOINT. SOME of the chief points which attract attention in the hip joint of man are the three thickened parts of the capsule called the ilio-femoral, ischio-femoral, and pubo-femoral ligaments, as well as the intra-articular ligamentum teres running from the bottom of the ac...

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