ABOUT THE PROJECT

The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning.

The creation of blog articles we are guided by a scientific approach, involving references to primary sources and verified information. Unlike conventional journal publications, our works imply constant updates. This is because the study of LCF continues to this day, despite its beginning was in Mesopotamia 2000-1600 years before the common era. New facts can not only complement previously written material but also influence conclusions. We advocate for the continuous improvement of the style and form of articles, their correction, expansion, and fragmentation. Such dynamic interactive works, in our view, are a requirement of modern natural science and may soon become a standard. Each blog page has a comments section, providing an opportunity to express opinions. It is expected that specialists knowledgeable in the subject will make use of this. Exchanging views will enhance the exploration of the topic and encourage participants in the discussion to conduct their own research. Questions and critical remarks to the author are welcomed!

With sincere respect to you,

Sergey Arkhipov

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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

Блог посвящен связке головки бедра, на латинском языке именуемой ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). По нашему мнению, это важный элемент тазобедренного сустава, который обнаруживается у подавляющего числа позвоночных, включая человека. Данная анатомическая структура значима для функционирования не только нижней конечности, но всей опорно-двигательной системы. LCF задействована при ходьбе и участвует в поддержании отдельных вертикальных поз. Она соединяет таз и бедро, ограничивает движения, а также перераспределяет нагрузку в тазобедренной области. Дисфункция, дислокация мест крепления и патологические изменения LCF – начальные звенья патогенеза коксартроза, дисплазии тазобедренного сустава, врожденного вывиха бедра, асептического некроза и остеохондропатии головки бедренной кости. Предотвратить или прервать развитие этих инвалидизирующих заболеваний могло бы успешное терапевтическое и хирургическое лечение патологии LCF с нормализацией ее функционирования.

При создании статей блога главенствует научный подход, предполагающий ссылки на первоисточники и проверенные сведения. В отличие от общепринятых журнальных публикаций, наши работы подразумевают обновление. Это обусловлено тем, что изучение LCF продолжается до сих пор, несмотря на то, что началось еще в Месопотамии 2000-1600 лет до современной эры. Новые факты способны не только дополнить ранее написанный материал, но и повлиять на выводы. Мы сторонники постоянного улучшения стиля и формы статей, их исправления, увеличения и фрагментации. Подобные динамические интерактивные работы, с нашей точки зрения, – требование современного естествознания и, вероятно, скоро будут стандартом. На каждой странице блога существует раздел комментариев, где представляется возможность высказать мнение. Думается, что этим воспользуются специалисты, сведущие в теме. Обмен суждениями позволит лучше раскрыть тему и будет стимулировать участников дискуссии к собственным исследованиям. Вопросы и критические замечания автору приветствуется!

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Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis?

Who, When, and Where Wrote the Book of Genesis? A Medical Hypothesis By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD & Lyudmila N. Arkhipova, BSN CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Egyptian physician [iv] Asian diviner [v] Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract The Book of Genesis is an example of an ancient literary text that contains important medical insights. We propose that it was written in northern Egypt in the late 17th century BCE, approximately ten years after the Minoan eruption. The protograph likely emerged from the collaboration between an Asiatic seer, who rose to the rank of an Egyptian official, and an Egyptian physician-encyclopedist. By refining its dating and authorship, this hypothesis positions Genesis as a credible source of medical and historical data, thereby enhancing its value for interdisciplinary research. [ii] Introduction According to Rabbinic Judais...

Test catalog of the LCF pathology

Test catalog of the ligamentum capitis femoris pathology By Sergey V. Arkhipov, MD, PhD CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Testing in the supine position [iv] Testing in a standing position [v] Gait study [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract A description of tests for the detection and differential diagnosis of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) pathology is presented. [ii] Introduction One of the first studies devoted to the diagnosis of LCF injury demonstrated a variety of symptoms: groin pain, hip stiffness, sometimes long-standing minimal clinical findings, or signs similar to osteoarthritis (1997GrayA_VillarRN). More than a decade later, researchers concluded: "Unfortunately, there is no specific test for detecting LCF tears." The signs known at that time were nonspecific and were also observed in other intra-articular pathologies of the hip joint (2010CerezalL_Pérez-CarroL). The a...

Catalog. LCF of Extinct Species

Discussion of the LCF and morphological signs of its existence in extinct species. Funston, G. F. (2024). Osteology of the two-fingered oviraptorid Oksoko avarsan (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, zlae011. [ academic.oup.com ] Hafed, A. B., Koretsky, I. A., Nance, J. R., Koper, L., & Rahmat, S. J. (2024). New Neogene fossil phocid postcranial material from the Atlantic (USA). Historical Biology, 1-20. [ tandfonline.com ] Kuznetsov, A. N., & Sennikov, A. G. (2000). On the function of a perforated acetabulum in archosaurs and birds. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL C/C OF PALEONTOLOGICHESKII ZHURNAL, 34(4), 439-448. [ researchgate.net ] Romer, A. S. (1922). The locomotor apparatus of certain primitive and mammal-like reptiles. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 46, article 10. [ digitallibrary.amnh.org , digitallibrary.amnh.org(PDF) ] Słowiak, J., Brusatte, S. L., & Szczygielski, T. (2024). Reassessment of the enigmati...

2025ChenJH_AcklandD

The article by Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip (2025). The authors experimentally demonstrated the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in unloading the upper sector of the acetabulum and the femoral head. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2025ChenJH_AcklandD . Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study on the anatomically normal hip By Chen JH, Al’Khafaji I, Ernstbrunner L, O’Donnell J, Ackland D. CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion and Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint st...

1879BischoffTLW

A fragment from the work by Bischoff TLW. Beiträge zur Anatomie des Gorilla (1879). The paper discusses the size of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of gorilla. Quote p. 1 8. [Deu] 5. Muskeln der unteren Extremität. Ich erwähne zunächst, dass mein Gorilla an dem mehr als eine Halbkugel bildenden Schenkelkopf ein ansehnlich langes Ligam. teres besitzt. Translation [Eng] 5. Muscles of the lower limbs. First of all, I would like to point out that my gorilla has a rather long round ligament on the head of the femur, which forms more than one hemisphere. External links Bischoff TLW. Beiträge zur Anatomie des Gorilla. Abh. d. II. Cl. d. k. Ak. d. Wiss. XIII. Bd. III. Abth. Munchen: Verlag der Akademie, in Commission bei G. Franz. 1879. zobodat.at Authors & Affiliations Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff (1807-1882) was a German physician and biologist. wikipedia.org Theodor Ludwig Wilhelm von Bischoff (circa 870). Unknown author; original in the...

2012ForsellP

Invention (Patent): Forsell P. Hip joint device and method. US20120150314A1 (2012). US20120150314A1 US Inventor: Peter Forsell Current Assignee: Kirk Promotion Ltd Oregon Worldwide applications 2010 WO ES US EP 2015 US 2018 US Application US13/383,300 events: 2010-07-12 Application filed by Kirk Promotion Ltd 2010-07-12 Priority to US13/383,300 2012-06-14 Publication of US20120150314A1 2015-09-22 Application granted 2015-09-22 Publication of US9138320B2 Status: Active 2030-07-12 Anticipated expiration Hip joint device and method Peter Forsell Abstract A medical device for implantation in a hip joint of a patient is provided. The medical device is adapted to be fixated to the pelvic bone of the patient. The medical device comprises an inner and an outer surface, a contacting portion of the inner surface is spherical and adapted to face the center of the hip joint when said medical device is implanted, and said medical device is adapted to re...

2008PedersenWB_BechgaardKA

Invention (Patent): Pedersen WB, Steenstrup FR, Olsen OI, Jakobsen LD, Vraa E, Lauritzen JB, Bechgaard K. Method for the production of medical implants. US20080012181A1 (2008 ). This material is part of the original design application 2001PedersenWB_BechgaardKA . US20080012181A1 Denmark Inventors: Walther Batsberg Pedersen , Frederik Resen Steenstrup , Ole Ingemann Olsen , Lene Diness Jakobsen , Erik Vraa , Jes Bruun Lauritzen , Klaus Bechgaard Worldwide applications: 2000 IL KR CA US JP EE EP DE AU NZ YU SK HU MX CZ AT WO PL BR EA CN 2002 ZA NO BG 2003 HK 2007 US Application US11/822,085 events: 2007-07-02 Application filed by DSM IP Assets BV 2007-07-02 Priority to US11/822,085 2008-01-17 Publication of US20080012181A1 2009-06-26 Assigned to DSM IP ASSETS B.V. 2011-08-09 Application granted 2011-08-09 Publication of US7993566B2 2021-01-19 Adjusted expiration Status: Expired Fee Related Method for the production of medical ...

2011LinaresMA

Invention (Patent Application Publication): Linares MA. Hip socket with assembleable male ball shape having integrally formed ligament and female receiver and installation kit. WO2011081670A1 (2011). WO2011081670A1 US Inventor: Miguel Linares Worldwide applications 2010 US WO 2011 US Application PCT/US2010/020343 events: 2009-12-30 Priority claimed from US12/649,456 2010-01-07 Application filed by Linares Medical Devices, Llc 2011-07-07 Publication of WO2011081670A1 Hip socket with assembleable male ball shape having integrally formed ligament and female receiver and installation kit Miguel Linares Abstract A hip implant assembly including a spherical shaped ball and an elongated stem. An annular defining rim separates the ball from the stem and abuts, in a maximum inserting condition, over an exterior reconditioned surface of the femur and upon inserting the stem within an interior passageway formed within the femur. A cup shaped support se...

1894KeithA

A fragment from the article by Keith A. The ligaments of the catarrhine monkeys, with references to corresponding structures in man (1894). The paper discusses the development, anatomy, and presence of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in various monkeys. The author found in an experiment that the gibbon's LCF strength is more than 11 kg. For reference: the black-handed gibbon (Hylobates agilis) can weigh up to 8 kg ( wikipedia.org ), and the white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) weighs 5-7 kg ( sakhalinzoo.ru ). Quote pp. 1 58-159. Ligaments of the Hip-Joint. – Professor Bischoff (1) observed that the ligamentum teres of the hip-joint was well developed in the Gorilla. This observation has several times been verified in the Chimpanzee: Owen (2) and Langer (3) found it absent in the Orang, although traces were present. In the Gibbon it is invariably present, and after the limb was severed from the trunk by all but the ligamentum teres, I found it sustained a weight of 25 ...

2001PedersenWB_BechgaardKA

Invention ( Patent Application Publication ): Pedersen WB, Steenstrup FR, Olsen OI, Jakobsen LD, Vraa E, Lauritzen JB, Bechgaard K. A prosthetic device. WO2001045595A2 ( 2001 ) . WO2001045595A2 Denmark Inventors: Walther Batsberg Pedersen , Frederik Resen Steenstrup , Ole Ingemann Olsen , Lene Diness Jakobsen , Erik Vraa , Jes Bruun Lauritzen , Klaus Bechgaard Worldwide applications: 2000 IL KR CA US JP EE EP DE AU NZ YU SK HU MX CZ AT WO PL BR EA CN 2002 ZA NO BG 2003 HK 2007 US Application PCT/DK2000/000697 events : 2000-12-14 Priority to IL14995000A 2000-12-14 Priority to EEP200200329A 2000-12-14 Priority to EP00983081A 2000-12-14 Priority to BR0016474-7A 2000-12-14 Priority to AU19964/01A 2000-12-14 Priority to DE60026585T 2000-12-14 Priority to KR1020027007787A 2000-12-14 Priority to JP2001546337A 2000-12-14 Priority to EA200200664A 2000-12-14 Priority to MXPA02005863A 2000-12-14 Application filed by Cartificial A/S 2000-12-14 Priority to HU05...

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