ABOUT THE PROJECT

The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning.

The creation of blog articles we are guided by a scientific approach, involving references to primary sources and verified information. Unlike conventional journal publications, our works imply constant updates. This is because the study of LCF continues to this day, despite its beginning was in Mesopotamia 2000-1600 years before the common era. New facts can not only complement previously written material but also influence conclusions. We advocate for the continuous improvement of the style and form of articles, their correction, expansion, and fragmentation. Such dynamic interactive works, in our view, are a requirement of modern natural science and may soon become a standard. Each blog page has a comments section, providing an opportunity to express opinions. It is expected that specialists knowledgeable in the subject will make use of this. Exchanging views will enhance the exploration of the topic and encourage participants in the discussion to conduct their own research. Questions and critical remarks to the author are welcomed!

With sincere respect to you,

Sergey Arkhipov

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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

Блог посвящен связке головки бедра, на латинском языке именуемой ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). По нашему мнению, это важный элемент тазобедренного сустава, который обнаруживается у подавляющего числа позвоночных, включая человека. Данная анатомическая структура значима для функционирования не только нижней конечности, но всей опорно-двигательной системы. LCF задействована при ходьбе и участвует в поддержании отдельных вертикальных поз. Она соединяет таз и бедро, ограничивает движения, а также перераспределяет нагрузку в тазобедренной области. Дисфункция, дислокация мест крепления и патологические изменения LCF – начальные звенья патогенеза коксартроза, дисплазии тазобедренного сустава, врожденного вывиха бедра, асептического некроза и остеохондропатии головки бедренной кости. Предотвратить или прервать развитие этих инвалидизирующих заболеваний могло бы успешное терапевтическое и хирургическое лечение патологии LCF с нормализацией ее функционирования.

При создании статей блога главенствует научный подход, предполагающий ссылки на первоисточники и проверенные сведения. В отличие от общепринятых журнальных публикаций, наши работы подразумевают обновление. Это обусловлено тем, что изучение LCF продолжается до сих пор, несмотря на то, что началось еще в Месопотамии 2000-1600 лет до современной эры. Новые факты способны не только дополнить ранее написанный материал, но и повлиять на выводы. Мы сторонники постоянного улучшения стиля и формы статей, их исправления, увеличения и фрагментации. Подобные динамические интерактивные работы, с нашей точки зрения, – требование современного естествознания и, вероятно, скоро будут стандартом. На каждой странице блога существует раздел комментариев, где представляется возможность высказать мнение. Думается, что этим воспользуются специалисты, сведущие в теме. Обмен суждениями позволит лучше раскрыть тему и будет стимулировать участников дискуссии к собственным исследованиям. Вопросы и критические замечания автору приветствуется!

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LCF in 2026 (July)

LCF in 2026 (July ) (Quotes from articles and books published in July 2026 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Çetik, R. M., Bakırcıoğlu, S., Büyükdoğan, K., Çağlar, Ö., Atay, Ö. A., & Atilla, B. (2026). Cam-type femoro-acetabular impingement: Mid-term functional results and joint awareness of arthroscopic, mini-open and surgical dislocation techniques. Acta Medica , 57 (2), 123-131. [i] actamedica.org Khan, M. Y., Khan, R., Shaikh, H., Persaud, N. A., Rama, S., & Khan, Y. (2026). Evolution of Hip Arthroscopy in Modern Orthopedic Practice. Cureus , 18 (6). [ii] cureus.com Sanders, W. J., Ji, X. P., & Jablonski, N. G. (2026). New remains of Stegodon zhaotongensis (Proboscidea, Stegodontidae) from the Late Miocene site of Shuitangba, Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Mammalian Evolution , 33 (3), 33. [iii] link.springer.com Randelli, F. (2026...

80-58bcApollonius Citiensis

Fragment from the treatise Apollonius Citiensis Commentary on the Hippocrates’ book On Joints ( Περὶ αρθρων π ραγματεὶα , 80-58 BC). The author notes the possibility of damage to the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) during hip dislocation. See our commentary at the link: 80-58bcApollonius Citiensis [Rus], and 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote. [Grc] Περὶ αρθρων π ραγματεὶα . Βιβλιον γ ʹ . (original source: 1965KolleschJ_KudlienF, pp. 86, 88) Translation [Eng] Commentary On Joints ( Commentary on the Hippocrates’ book On Joints). Book 3. If the dislocated and displaced hip could not remain in place, then the physician [Hippocrates] would have clearly indicated the incurability of this case, so that we would not be led astray. Don't those who hold the opposite opinion know about the nature of joints, ligaments and the teachings about these things in general? After all, the physician considered the cause of the mild or, on the contrary, complex displacement and ...

1858IvanovAA

Ivanov A.A., Jacob’s Wrestling with God (1849-1858) . Depicting the circumstances and mechanism of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury based on the description in the Book of Genesis: 25 And Jacob was left alone; and there wrestled a man with him until the breaking of the day. 26 And when he saw that he could not pre vail against him, he struck against the hollow of his thigh ; and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was put out of joint, as he was wrestling with him. … 33 Therefore do the children of Israel not eat the sinew which shrank, which is upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day; because he struck against the hollow of Jacob's thigh on the sinew that shrank. ( 1922LeeserI , Genesis (Bereshit) 32:25-26,33) More about the plot in our work: Ninth month, eleventh day ( 2024 АрхиповСВ. Девятый месяц, одиннадцатый день ). Alexander Ivanov – Jacob’s Wrestling with God (1849-1858); original in the ekzeget.ru col...

1605BauhinC

Fragment from the book Bauhin C. Theatrum anatomicum (1605). The author writes about the attachment, function, possible elongation and damage of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). Lameness after dislocation is mentioned and its cause is explained. In the margins of the page are references to the works of other authors Vesalius , Laurens , Arch ang ( Archangelo Piccolomini ??? ) . Quote p. 1244. Liber IV. DE LIGAMENTIS OSSIS ILII & sacri et que in toto pede habentur. CAP. XXXIX. Femur, coxendicis articulo duplici ligamento nectitur; altero communi membrane, articulum orbiculatim ambit, quod Græci [ischos], totius articuli nomine vocarunt; quod cætera, articulos ambientia crassitie, duritie, & robore su perat, cum articulus hic corpus totum sustinere & motus validos perferre debuerit. Hoc articulo & femoris ceruici accumbit & solum radici magni processus orbiculatim adnascitur, quo motus capitis ipsius femoris non impediantur. Alterum ipsius ligamentum teres...

Human LCF intersection

HUMAN LCF INTERSECTION In the south of China, in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the archaeological Neolithic site of Dingsishan was investigated. Burials of 355 people were found in this place. The authors of the article (2024YeZ_LiFJ) identified 91 skeletons with traces of manipulations with the remains. They are attributed to burials of the Dingsishan III-IV phase, aged 8.0-4.5 thousand years. 13 notches were found on the proximal part of various femurs. « Cutmarks on the femoral head, neck and intertrochanteric line, as well as along the medial linea aspera of the femoral shaft, suggest that soft tissue around the hip, including the iliofemoral ligament and the iliacus and adductor muscles, was severed to disarticulate the joint.» This and other postmortem bone injuries «... suggests that corpse treatment at Dingsishan included disarticulation » (2024YeZ_LiFJ). Figure 4 of the cited article shows the distribution and direction of cutmarks on human skeletons from Dingx...

911-612bcK2453

Fragment of the text of clay tablet K 2453 (Nineveh; ca. 911-612 BC; maybe 5000-4000 BC). A recommendation for a ritual or magical act may mention the sheep's ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). See our commentary at the link: 911-612bcK2453 [Rus]. Quote [Akk] Clay tablet К 2453 (original source: photo by Ashurbanipal Library Project cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de , text: 1906 ThompsonRC , plate. 12). Translation [Eng] Clay tablet К 2453 (reverse ) 42. (if a man’s leg is affected) SA ÚR UDU.NITÁ ša GÙB teleqqe you take the sinew from the left thigh of a sheep ( original source: 1992RothMT , p. 312). ( original source: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de ) External links Clay tablet; CT 23, pl. 05-14, K 02453 + (P365736). Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik), Neo-Assyrian period (ca. 911-612 BC). [ cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de , ebl.lmu.de ] Thompson RC. Cuneiform Texts. Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. P...

Inferior Portal. Part 1.

Original in Russian is available at the link: Нижний портал. Часть 1. below is a machine translation edited by a non-native speaker ( version dated 03/02/2025 ) . INFERIOR PORTAL FOR HIP ARTHROSCOPY: A PILOT STUDY PART 1. Background and Hypothesis Arkhipov S.V., Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland Abstract: The article presents, theoretically and graphically substantiates the technique of a new arthroscopic approach to the central compartment of the hip joint. It is proposed to introduce the optical system of the arthroscope from below through the acetabular notch without traction. Similar approaches were used for puncture, arthroscopy, arthrography, and arthrotomy of the hip joint. Diagnostics using the described lower portal will exclude complications caused by distraction of the leg and compression of the perineal support during surgery. CONTENTS PART 1. Background and Hypothesis [1] . Introduction [2] . Passage through t...

1894KeithA

A fragment from the article by Keith A. The ligaments of the catarrhine monkeys, with references to corresponding structures in man (1894). The paper discusses the development, anatomy, and presence of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in various monkeys. The author found in an experiment that the gibbon's LCF strength is more than 11 kg. For reference: the black-handed gibbon (Hylobates agilis) can weigh up to 8 kg ( wikipedia.org ), and the white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) weighs 5-7 kg ( sakhalinzoo.ru ). Quote pp. 1 58-159. Ligaments of the Hip-Joint. – Professor Bischoff (1) observed that the ligamentum teres of the hip-joint was well developed in the Gorilla. This observation has several times been verified in the Chimpanzee: Owen (2) and Langer (3) found it absent in the Orang, although traces were present. In the Gibbon it is invariably present, and after the limb was severed from the trunk by all but the ligamentum teres, I found it sustained a weight of 25 ...

Hip disarticulation of the human

Hip disarticulation of the human Hip disarticulation of the human. Postmortem surgery with transection of the LCF in humans 15-12.5 thousand years ago. Presumably, the first postmortem arthrotomy of the hip joint with disarticulation was performed in Morocco 15.000-12.500 years ago. This is confirmed by multiple cuts on the femoral neck of a man from the burial of Taf V-18 ( Taforalt Iberomaurusian necropolis ). «T he cuts on the femoral neck were produced by severing the ligaments of the articular capsula in order to disarticulate the bone from the pelvis. There are no pelvic bones in the grave.» ( 2016MariottiV_CondemiS:Fig.2 ). We counted more than a dozen longitudinal, fairly deep cuts in the middle part of the femoral neck. Their length varies from about two to ten millimeters and occupies a surface of 1 cm along the length of the femoral neck and 2 cm in width. The mentioned cuts on the cortical plate and the absence of pelvic bones in the burial are evidence of the disarti...

THE OLDEST LCF

The very first four-legged animal, the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik roseae, lived about 375 million years ago. Based on indirect evidence (paired notches of the acetabulum), we believe that in the hip joint it had two ligaments of the head of femur, in Latin called ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). A similar anatomy of the hip joint is preserved in the salamander. Illustration Tiktaalik roseae is the first animal to have a LCF A) 3D model of the right pelvic bone of the fish Tiktaalik roseae (fragment of a screenshot: media.hhmi.org ), where we depicted the dissected anterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.ant.) and posterior LCF (lig.cap.fem.post.), that are attached to the corresponding notches of the acetabulum ( inc.ac.ant. & inc.ac.post.). Below the pelvis is a photograph of our model of the Tiktaalik roseae femur with fragments of two LCFs (a fossil femur of Tiktaalik roseae has not yet been discovered). B) View of a salamander femur with a proximal fragment of the ilia...

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