ABOUT THE PROJECT

The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning.

The creation of blog articles we are guided by a scientific approach, involving references to primary sources and verified information. Unlike conventional journal publications, our works imply constant updates. This is because the study of LCF continues to this day, despite its beginning was in Mesopotamia 2000-1600 years before the common era. New facts can not only complement previously written material but also influence conclusions. We advocate for the continuous improvement of the style and form of articles, their correction, expansion, and fragmentation. Such dynamic interactive works, in our view, are a requirement of modern natural science and may soon become a standard. Each blog page has a comments section, providing an opportunity to express opinions. It is expected that specialists knowledgeable in the subject will make use of this. Exchanging views will enhance the exploration of the topic and encourage participants in the discussion to conduct their own research. Questions and critical remarks to the author are welcomed!

With sincere respect to you,

Sergey Arkhipov

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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

Блог посвящен связке головки бедра, на латинском языке именуемой ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). По нашему мнению, это важный элемент тазобедренного сустава, который обнаруживается у подавляющего числа позвоночных, включая человека. Данная анатомическая структура значима для функционирования не только нижней конечности, но всей опорно-двигательной системы. LCF задействована при ходьбе и участвует в поддержании отдельных вертикальных поз. Она соединяет таз и бедро, ограничивает движения, а также перераспределяет нагрузку в тазобедренной области. Дисфункция, дислокация мест крепления и патологические изменения LCF – начальные звенья патогенеза коксартроза, дисплазии тазобедренного сустава, врожденного вывиха бедра, асептического некроза и остеохондропатии головки бедренной кости. Предотвратить или прервать развитие этих инвалидизирующих заболеваний могло бы успешное терапевтическое и хирургическое лечение патологии LCF с нормализацией ее функционирования.

При создании статей блога главенствует научный подход, предполагающий ссылки на первоисточники и проверенные сведения. В отличие от общепринятых журнальных публикаций, наши работы подразумевают обновление. Это обусловлено тем, что изучение LCF продолжается до сих пор, несмотря на то, что началось еще в Месопотамии 2000-1600 лет до современной эры. Новые факты способны не только дополнить ранее написанный материал, но и повлиять на выводы. Мы сторонники постоянного улучшения стиля и формы статей, их исправления, увеличения и фрагментации. Подобные динамические интерактивные работы, с нашей точки зрения, – требование современного естествознания и, вероятно, скоро будут стандартом. На каждой странице блога существует раздел комментариев, где представляется возможность высказать мнение. Думается, что этим воспользуются специалисты, сведущие в теме. Обмен суждениями позволит лучше раскрыть тему и будет стимулировать участников дискуссии к собственным исследованиям. Вопросы и критические замечания автору приветствуется!

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IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

Catalog. Classifications of LCF Pathology

The classifications are intended to systematize of ligamentum capitis femoris pathology and assist in the development of general approaches to its description, registration, analysis and treatment. Keywords ligamentum capitis femoris, ligamentum teres, ligament of head of femur, hip joint, histology, pathological anatomy, pathology, trauma INTRODUCTION In Russia, the initial attempts to classify pathology of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) were made by morphologists. The development of arthroscopic surgery has made it possible to identify various, previously undescribed types of LCF pathology, which prompted the development of various modern classifications based on intraoperative observations. Analysis of literature data and our own morphological observations allowed us to propose a General Classification of the Ligamentum Teres Pathology, which has the form of a collection of classifiers, as well as a Classification of Functions of the Ligamentum Teres. The ...

The First Scientific Mention

European science has known the LCF for about 2500 years. It is the most important functional connection of the hip joint. The first person to describe the LCF was Hippocrates (c. 460-370 BCE). A written mention of the LCF is found in §1 of his treatise "On the Instrument of redactions". In our opinion, a book created in the library of the Asclepeion of the island of Kos. Hippocrates did not dissection of the human body, did not operate on the hip joint, did not have a CT scan and MRI. How he could discover the LCF? In our view, it is possible that Hippocrates treated a patient with an open hip dislocation. Track Music: Blue Dot Sessions , Vittoro (CC BY-NC 4.0 DEED / fragment) keywords: ligamentum capitis femoris, ligament of head of femur, ligamentum teres, hip dislocation . ...

BIOMECHANICS OF THE HIP JOINT WITHOUT LCF

Biomechanics of the hip joint without LCF Do you remember the comparison of the ligamentum teres with the spring element of a cart? ( 1874SavoryWS ). An analogy could arise after reading the book Bell J. The Principles of Surgery (1801) . Most orthopedists still think so. For more details see: https://roundligament.blogspot.com/2024/04/1836-1840partridger.html & 1836-1840PartridgeR (remembering the history of orthopedics) #ligamentum_teres #ligamentum_capitis_femoris #hip #biomechanics Publication in the facebook group 03/28/2025. ...

11th-15th Century

11th-15th Century Catalog of archived publications of the specified period 11th century 976-1115Theophilus Protospatharius The author writes about the normal anatomy of the LCF and its connective function. 1012-1024Avicenna The author writes about the localization and variant of the pathology LCF, leading to hip dislocation. 1039-1065Giorgi Mtatsmindeli The translator mentions the LCF damage, and notes its presence in animals. 12 th century 1120-1140Judah Halevi The author mentions LCF (גיד) of mammals. 1176-1178(a)Rambam The author mentions the pathology of LCF (גיד) in humans and points out the presence of this structure in animals. 1176-1178(b)Rambam The author writes about the localization of LCF (גיד) ) and distinguishes it from a tendon, blood vessel or nerve. 1185-1235David Kimchi The author writes about the localization, purpose, and injury of the LCF (גיד), and also talks abo...

LCF in English Bibles

The primary source for translating the Bible into English is the Hebrew literary monument Torah. In its first part, the Book of Bereshit (32:33 ) , there is a mention of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), which in Hebrew is called « גיד » (gheed, gid) (1923, 2004PreussJ; 2019ArkhipovSV_SkvortsovDV; 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV). Probably one of the earliest written translations of the Bible into Old English was made by Ælfric of Eynsham, who worked approximately between 955–1010 CE (1050Aelfric’s). In Aelfric's Anglo-Saxon Paraphrase, the Hebrew concept of « גיד » [gheed], that is, LCF, is mentioned twice in the 25th and 32nd verses of the XXXII Chapter of the Book of Genesis and is called «sine» ( Figure 1, 2 ). In Middle English, translators Nicholas of Hereford and John Wycliffe named LCF as «synwe», and in John Purvey's Bible edition - «senewe» (1850ForshallJ_MaddenF). In Bibles in Early Modern English, LCF is designated as «senow» and «senowe» (1530TyndaleW; 1535CoverdaleM; 1...

1996(r)ArkhipovSV

METHOD OF PELVIS OSTEOTOMY (Способ остеотомии таза) Patent Application RU96120699A Inventor Сергей Васильевич Архипов Original Assignee Sergey Vasilyevich Arkhipov Application RU96120699/14A events 1996-10-01 Application filed by С . В . Архипов 1999-01-20 Publication of RU96120699A Claims The method of pelvic osteotomy by complete intersection of the ilium above the capsule and acetabulum, characterized in that after arthrotomy of the hip joint the hip bones additionally intersect in front and behind the acetabulum, as well as above it between the capsule and limb, with the displacement of the formed intermediate fragment laterally and osteosynthesis fragments, in addition, plastic or prosthetics of the ligament of the femoral head can be performed, and an osteograft can be fixed over the intermediate fragment. Description of the invention Description in Russian is available at the link: 1996(r) АрхиповСВ (the blog has a translation function)....

163-192Galen

Fragment from the treatise Galen. On anatomical procedures (Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων, ca. 163-192). The author writes about the high resiliency and hardness of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF), and also notes its connective function. See our commentary at the link: 163-192Galen [Rus], and 2020ArkhipovSV_ProlyginaIV . Quote [Grc] Περὶ Ἀνατομικῶν Ἐγχειρήσεων. Βιβλιον B. K εφ . ι ʹ . Αλλά χρή σε, καθάπερ επί της χειρός επεσκέψω τους συνδέσμους των οστών, ούτω και νυν επισκέψασθαι πασών των γεγυμνωμένων διαρθρώσεων, πρώτης μεν της κατ' ισχίον, εχούσης ένα μεν εν κύκλω σύνδεσμον, απάντων των άρθρων κοινόν, (ουδέν γάρ έστιν, ότω μή περιβέβληται τοιούτος σύνδεσμος,) έτερον δε τον διά του βάθους εν τη διαρθρώσει κατακεκρυμμένον, ος συνάπτει την κεφαλήν του μηρού τη κατ' ισχίον κοιλότητι, πάνυ σκληρός ών, ώς ήδη δύνασθαι λέγεσθαι νεύρον χονδρώδες. (original source: 1821KühnCG, pp. 328-329) [Lat] De Anatomicis Administrationibus. Liber II. Cap. X. Verum considerare te convenit, ut i...

The Shortest Comments on Genesis, Chap. XXXII-XXXIII

The chosen fragment records ancient views on the symptoms, mechanism, and differential diagnosis of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) injury. The author describes the emotional status, work capacity of the patient, circumstances, time, and place of the injury, as a physician in the modern medical record (Genesis 32:8-33:20). Further in the text, apparently, a pathoanatomical investigation is mentioned, confirming the antemortem diagnosis, place of dissection (Genesis 50:2-3), as well as the location of the burial of embalmed remains (Genesis 50:13). Our comments on chapters 32-33 are presented in the table. The quotes are based on the translation of the Book of Bereshit (Genesis) from Hebrew by Isaac Leeser (1922). The shortest comments Quotes from the original source Emotional status and the name of injured person. 32:8 Then Jacob was greatly afraid, and he felt distress...

The Birth of the Earth

The Birth of the Earth The solar system arose 4.5682-4.567 billion years ago (2013HazenRM). It has been found with an accuracy of 1% that the substance of the "Earth-Moon-meteorite" complex is 4.55-4.51 billion years old (2001DalrympleGB). The outlined segment is the immediate beginning of the arrangement of our Home in the Universe. One of the most important conditions for the emergence of life is liquid water (2002ChybaCF_PhillipsCB). Analysis of lithosphere particles aged 4406 (+14/-17) million years showed that they crystallized under conditions of increased water pressure (2012O'NeilJ_FrancisD). Accordingly, moisture was present no later than 160 million years after the "establishment" of the planet. The explanation for this is the proven presence of water in the accretion disk of the newborn Sun, which the Earth could have received in a volume equivalent to one to three oceans (2005DrakeMJ). According to a conservative estimate, half of the Earth's w...

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