ABOUT THE PROJECT

The blog is dedicated to the ligament of the head of femur, known in Latin as ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). In our opinion, this is a crucial element of the hip joint, found in the majority of vertebrates, including humans. This structure is significant for the functioning not only of the lower limb but the entire musculoskeletal system. LCF is involved in walking and helps maintain certain types of upright posture. It connects the pelvis and femur, restricts movements, and redistributes the load in the hip region. Dysfunction, displacement of attachment points, and pathological changes in LCF are the initial links in the pathogenesis of hip osteoarthritis, congenital hip dysplasia, congenital dislocation of the hip, aseptic (avascular) necrosis, and femoral head osteochondropathy. Preventing or interrupting the development of these disabling conditions could be achieved through successful therapeutic and surgical treatment of LCF pathology with normalizing its functioning.

The creation of blog articles we are guided by a scientific approach, involving references to primary sources and verified information. Unlike conventional journal publications, our works imply constant updates. This is because the study of LCF continues to this day, despite its beginning was in Mesopotamia 2000-1600 years before the common era. New facts can not only complement previously written material but also influence conclusions. We advocate for the continuous improvement of the style and form of articles, their correction, expansion, and fragmentation. Such dynamic interactive works, in our view, are a requirement of modern natural science and may soon become a standard. Each blog page has a comments section, providing an opportunity to express opinions. It is expected that specialists knowledgeable in the subject will make use of this. Exchanging views will enhance the exploration of the topic and encourage participants in the discussion to conduct their own research. Questions and critical remarks to the author are welcomed!

With sincere respect to you,

Sergey Arkhipov

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Translated from Russian in collaboration with ChatGPT (version 3.5, developed by OpenAI) and the Google Translate service.

Original text:

Блог посвящен связке головки бедра, на латинском языке именуемой ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF). По нашему мнению, это важный элемент тазобедренного сустава, который обнаруживается у подавляющего числа позвоночных, включая человека. Данная анатомическая структура значима для функционирования не только нижней конечности, но всей опорно-двигательной системы. LCF задействована при ходьбе и участвует в поддержании отдельных вертикальных поз. Она соединяет таз и бедро, ограничивает движения, а также перераспределяет нагрузку в тазобедренной области. Дисфункция, дислокация мест крепления и патологические изменения LCF – начальные звенья патогенеза коксартроза, дисплазии тазобедренного сустава, врожденного вывиха бедра, асептического некроза и остеохондропатии головки бедренной кости. Предотвратить или прервать развитие этих инвалидизирующих заболеваний могло бы успешное терапевтическое и хирургическое лечение патологии LCF с нормализацией ее функционирования.

При создании статей блога главенствует научный подход, предполагающий ссылки на первоисточники и проверенные сведения. В отличие от общепринятых журнальных публикаций, наши работы подразумевают обновление. Это обусловлено тем, что изучение LCF продолжается до сих пор, несмотря на то, что началось еще в Месопотамии 2000-1600 лет до современной эры. Новые факты способны не только дополнить ранее написанный материал, но и повлиять на выводы. Мы сторонники постоянного улучшения стиля и формы статей, их исправления, увеличения и фрагментации. Подобные динамические интерактивные работы, с нашей точки зрения, – требование современного естествознания и, вероятно, скоро будут стандартом. На каждой странице блога существует раздел комментариев, где представляется возможность высказать мнение. Думается, что этим воспользуются специалисты, сведущие в теме. Обмен суждениями позволит лучше раскрыть тему и будет стимулировать участников дискуссии к собственным исследованиям. Вопросы и критические замечания автору приветствуется!

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NEWS 2026

New publications of our resource in 2026 The initial phase of collecting data on LCF, accumulated prior to the 20th century, is largely complete. Next, we plan to analyze and synthesize thematic information, adding data from the 20th and 21st centuries. The work will focus primarily on: prevention, diagnosis, arthroscopy, plastic surgery, and endoprosthetics. January 05, 2026 2018YoussefAO The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation. 2007WengerD_OkaetR The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the LCF is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. January 04, 2026 2008 BacheCE _TorodeIP The article describes a method for transposition of the proximal attachment of the LCF in congenital hip dislocation . 2021PaezC_WengerDR The ar ticle analyzes the results of open reconstruction of LCF in dysplasia. 2008DoddsMK...

IMPROVING POSTOPERATIVE COMFORT...

Improving Postoperative Comfort and Increasing the Reliability of Hip Prostheses by Supplementing with Artificial Ligaments: Proof of Concept and Prototype Demonstration S.V. Arkhipov, Independent Researcher, Joensuu, Finland CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results and Discussion [v] Static Tests [vi] Dynamic Tests [vii] Prototype Fabrication and Testing [viii] Conclusion [ix] References [x] Application [i] Abstract The principle of operation of an experimental total hip endoprosthesis augmented with ligament analogs has been demonstrated in single-leg vertical stances and at the mid-stance phase of the single-support period of gait. The experiments were conducted on a specially designed mechatronic testing rig. The concept of the important role of the ligamentous apparatus is further illustrated by a set of demonstrative mechanical models. The...

LCF in 2025 (December)

LCF in 2025 ( December) (Quotes from articles and books published in December 2025 mentioning the ligamentum capitis femoris) Sarassa, C., Aristizabal, S., Mejía, R., García, J. J., Quintero, D., & Herrera, A. M. (2025). Intraosseous Tunneling and Ligamentum Teres Ligamentodesis “Teretization” to Enhance Stability in Congenital Hip Dislocation Surgery: Surgical Technique and Mid-Term Outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics , 10-1097. [i] journals.lww.com Kampouridis, P., Svorligkou, G., Spassov, N., & Böhme, M. (2025). Postcranial anatomy of the Late Miocene Eurasian hornless rhinocerotid Chilotherium. PLoS One , 20 (12), e0336590. [ii] journals.plos.org Burdette, T. N., Hsiou, C. L., McDonough, S. P., Pell, S., Ayers, J., Divers, T. J., & Delvescovo, B. Sidewinder syndrome associated with complete rupture of the ligamentum capitis ossis femoris in a horse. Eq...

1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Michaels G, Matles AL. The role of the ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip (1970). The authors proposed an analogy for the role of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) as a “ball and chain control” and noted that it can spontaneously reduce congenital hip dislocation. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 1970MichaelsG_MatlesAL . [ii] Original text Quote p. 199 Many papers in the literature have implicated the ligamentum teres as a hindrance to the late open reduction of a congenitally dislocated hip. Occasionally the ligamentum teres has been reported to be absent. However, in most cases it is hypertrophied and elongated. Our present knowledge confirms the fact that congenital dislocation of t...

2008DoddsMK_McCormackD

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Dodds MK et al . Transarticular stabilization of the immature femoral head: assessment of a novel surgical approach to the dislocating pediatric hip in a porcine model (2008). The article describes an experiment of reconstruction of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in pigs with the formation of a femoral tunnel. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008DoddsMK_McCormackD . [ii] Original text Abstract Background: Acetabular dysplasia and hip instability are common in neuromuscular diseases such as spina bifida and cerebral palsy due to deranged muscle function around the hip. Occasionally in developmental dysplasia of the hip, persistent instability may be difficult to manage by standard treatments. It i...

2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF

Article: Wenger DR et al. Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results (2008). The article describes a method of open reconstruction of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) for hip dysplasia. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2008WengerDR_MiyanjiF . Ligamentum teres maintenance and transfer as a stabilizer in open reduction for pediatric hip dislocation: surgical technique and early clinical results Wenger DR, Mubarak SJ, Henderson PC, Miyanji F CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Surgical technique & Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Purpose The ligamentum teres has primarily been considered as an obstruction to reduction in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). In the ea...

1724FabriciusJA

Fragments from the book Fabricius JA. Bibliothecae Graecae volume duodecimum (1724). The author quotes the Byzantine physician Theophilus Protospatharius, who supposedly lived between the 7th and 10th centuries. Selected passages provide views on the normal anatomy of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and its inherent connective function. [Grc] θεοφιλος ο Πρωτοσπαθάριος . Περὶ τῆς τοῦ ανθρώπου κατασκευῆς . Βιβλιον Ε . XIII, [p. 892] (see fig.) [Lat] Theophilus Protospatharius. De corporis humani fabrica, Liber quintus, Cap. XIII [p. 892] 1) Dei erga homines amor ex heminae fundo teretem nervum promisit, cartilaginosum vinculum femoris capiti insertum adstringensque, ne facile elabatur:» 2) inde ex heminae oris aliae copulae oriuntur, totum femoris caput in orbem constringentes, non teretes & solae, qualis quae ex fundo porrigitur, sed latae, valenter que heminae oras ad commissurae praesidium ambientes. Translation [Eng] 1) For the sake ...

2011HosalkarHS_WengerDR

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Hosalkar HS et al . Isocentric reattachment of ligamentum teres: a porcine study (2011). The article describes a method of isocentric fixation of the proximal end of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) during plastic surgery in an experiment on pigs. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2011HosalkarHS_WengerDR . [ii] Original text Abstract Background: Recent reports reveal interest in the mechanical importance of ligamentum teres (LT) in hip dislocation. In the previously established procedure of anteroinferior acetabular LT reattachment in developmental dysplasia of the hip, the LT functions as a check-rein, showing promising results. However, this position of reattachment could potentially limit motion. Th...

2023AbibeRB_SaundersWB

Article: Abibe RB et al. Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits (2023). The article describes experimental reconstruction of ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) in rabbits. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2023AbibeRB_SaundersWB . Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits Abibe RB, Rahal SC, Reis Mesquita LD, Doiche D, da Silva JP, Mamprim MJ, Pinho RH, Battazza A, Alves CEF, Saunders WB CONTENT [i] Abstract [ii] Introduction [iii] Materials and Methods [iv] Results [v] Discussion & Conclusion [vi] References [vii] Application [i] Abstract Background Ligamentum teres (LT) has traditionally been considered a vestigial or redundant structure in humans; however, based on new studies and the evolution of hip arthroscopy, the LT injury has been viewed as a source of hi...

2007WengerD_OkaetR

Content [i] Annotation [ii] Original text [iii] References [iv] Source & links [v] Notes [vi] Authors & Affiliations [vii] Keywords [i] Annotation Abstract of the article: Wenger D et al . The mechanical properties of the ligamentum teres: a pilot study to assess its potential for improving stability in children’s hip surgery (2007). The authors demonstrated in the experiment that the strength of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) is sufficient to ensure early stability during hip joint reconstruction in children. The text in Russian is available at the following link: 2007WengerD_OkaetR . [ii] Original text Abstract The anatomic and histological characteristics of the ligamentum teres and its vascular contributions to the femoral head have been well described. The function of the ligamentum teres remains poorly understood. Although excision is the current standard in treating complete developme...

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